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Inter industry benchmarking has become an important strategy for comanies to improve their competitiveness by mapping the advantages of other sectors. This research addresses the implementation of benchmarking as a transformative tool that allows companies to learn from best practices beyond the traditional boundaries of their industry. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores the latest literature as well as real case studies of Indonesian companies such as PT. Astra International, Bank Mandiri, and Garuda Indonesia. The implementation of benchmarking in the three mentioned companies shows indusa positive impact in the from of increased operational effiensiency, innovation in products or services, and customer satisfaction. This study also highlights the challenges in implementing inter industry benchmarking, including internal resistance, resource limitations, and contextual adaption difficulties. Key success factors such as management commitment, cross-functional collaboration, and the use of modern technology are deteminants of the success of this process. Inter industry benchmarking not only improves efficiency but also creates added value for customers and strengthens the company’s position in the global market.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain complication following herpes zoster infection. PHN often leads to persistent pain and facial muscle dysfunction, affecting patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the physiotherapy management using electrical stimulation and facial exercises in a case of facial PHN. A case report design was used to observe a 36-year-old male patient presenting with facial pain and muscle weakness after herpes zoster infection. The physiotherapy intervention, consisting of electrical stimulation and facial exercises, was conducted over three sessions within two weeks. Assessment tools included NPRS, MMT, and Ugo Fisch Scale. There was a significant reduction in pain from NPRS 5/10 to 0, and improvement in frontal muscle strength from MMT 0 to 3. The Ugo Fisch score increased from 62 to 66, indicating functional improvement of facial muscles, though not yet optimal. Electrical stimulation and facial exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving facial muscle function in a PHN patient. Further research with larger samples is needed to validate these findings.

The development of social media has transformed the way Generation Z constructs and presents their self-identity. One emerging phenomenon is the use of more than one Instagram account by a single user, known as the first account and second account. This study aims to analyze the use of multiple Instagram accounts by Generation Z in shaping self-image, using Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The informants consisted of eight 11th-grade students from SMK Negeri Nusawungu who actively used multiple Instagram accounts. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings show that the first account functions as the front stage, where informants present an ideal image with curated content and carefully managed impressions. In contrast, the second account serves as the back stage, used for freer, more spontaneous, and emotional self-expression, with a more selective and private audience. The seven key dramaturgical concepts—mystification, setting, front personal, role distance, stigma, impression management, and frame analysis—were identified in the online behavior of the informants. This study recommends the importance of digital literacy and social empathy in understanding the dynamics of youth identity in digital spaces.    

This study aims to explore the dynamics of the role of Human Resources Business Partners (HRBPs) in driving business strategy, with a focus on identifying challenges and supporting factors for their implementation in the Indonesian financial sector. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with several HRBPs and line managers in financial sector companies, supported by observation and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed three main challenges faced by HRBPs: (1) resistance to change within the HR function itself, (2) limited analytical and business competencies within HRBPs, and (3) a lack of understanding of the strategic role of HRBPs among line managers. Furthermore, the success of the HRBP role is strongly supported by three key factors: full support from top management, quality collaboration with line managers, and the use of information technology for efficiency and data analysis. This study provides practical guidance for companies, particularly in the financial sector, to optimize the strategic role of HRBPs through competency development programs, organizational culture change, and technology support. This research provides an in-depth empirical overview of the actual practices and complexities of implementing the HRBP model in the Indonesian context, a topic rarely explored.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that occurs due to brain damage experienced before, during, or after birth. This condition is generally characterized by activity limitations and can be accompanied by various other disorders, such as delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, speech disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Management of cerebral palsy is usually multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, nutritional management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention, with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life. This case report discusses a male patient, An. AZ, aged 4 years and 6 months, who was brought by his parents to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh with the chief complaint of seizures that had occurred two days before admission and had worsened in the past day. The patient had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy since early childhood and regularly underwent physiotherapy. From the anamnesis, it was revealed that the patient experienced weakness on the left side of the body, which was more dominant than the right side. This condition is consistent with the manifestation of hemiplegia in cerebral palsy patients. Physical examination revealed delayed motor development, increased muscle tone on the left side, and enhanced pathological reflexes. Acute seizure management included administering anticonvulsant medication according to protocol, monitoring vital signs, and close observation in the inpatient ward. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the patient was advised to continue regular physiotherapy to maintain motor function, prevent contractures, and support the development of daily activities. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the management of cerebral palsy, particularly when complicated by seizures. Integration of acute medical care, rehabilitative therapy, and family support plays a crucial role in improving the patient's quality of life.

Cooperatives play a crucial role as business entities in enhancing the people's economy in Indonesia. Rooted in the principles of kinship and mutual cooperation, cooperatives aim to improve the welfare of their members and society at large, rather than merely pursuing profit. This study employs a descriptive analysis method to examine the role of cooperatives as a pillar of the people's economy, focusing on their contributions to microeconomic empowerment, job creation, and strengthening community purchasing power. The findings indicate that cooperatives significantly contribute to local economic growth, particularly through synergy with MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises), as well as by providing members with access to capital and training. However, challenges such as weak management, low financial literacy, and inadequate technological adaptation still hinder the optimization of cooperatives' roles. On the other hand, sharia cooperatives also emphasize social functions based on principles of justice and social responsibility. To enhance the contribution of cooperatives, institutional strengthening, professional management, and regulatory support from the government are required. Thus, cooperatives remain relevant as instruments for inclusive and sustainable economic development in Indonesia. 

Correspondence is one of the most important formal communication media in an organization because it functions to convey information clearly, systematically, and well-documented so as to support smooth communication between departments. This study aims to determine the role of correspondence in improving the effectiveness of organizational communication, as well as identifying challenges and solutions applied in its management. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation studies in an organization. The results of the study indicate that correspondence is effective as a formal communication tool that supports coordination between departments, although there are several obstacles such as late delivery and incorrect letter formats. Solutions such as administrative training, use of electronic filing systems, letter writing guidelines, and supervision have been proven to help improve the quality of correspondence. With good management, correspondence contributes significantly to improving the effectiveness of organizational communication as a whole.

This study aims to analyze the Capacity of the New Village Government Apparatus in Takatunga I Village, Ngada Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The theory used in this research is the theory of Apparatus Capacity according to Asrori which highlights three abilities, namely basic ability, management ability and technical ability. Informants who became research sources amounted to 12 people. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in the research are interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. Data analysis techniques used in the research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the basic skills possessed by the apparatus in Takatunga I Village were inadequate, most of the apparatus did not know the basic fundamentals of village government, their main duties and functions. In addition, Takatunga I Village does not yet have a village profile and village government organizational structure. The management skills possessed by Takatunga I village officials are still very limited; there are still complaints from the community about the services provided, because there is only one official who can operate a computer. In addition, although monitoring is limited to monitoring development, evaluation in Takatunga I Village is still limited to reporting every semester. The financial disbursement process is well done, but the accountability aspect is still less than optimal. The technical capabilities of the Takatunga I Village apparatus are quite good, despite having limited facilities and mastery of technology such as computers.

Mathematical logic is a branch of science that studies the principles of logical reasoning and how to judge the truth of a statement. This article discusses the role of mathematical logic in everyday life, especially in education, technology, and finance. Mathematical logic has been proven to help improve critical, analytical, and systematic thinking skills, making it easier for individuals to solve various problems more effectively and efficiently. In the world of education, mathematical logic supports the development of rational, argumentative, and problem-solving skills, and is an important foundation in the science and mathematics curriculum. Teachers can leverage this logic to encourage students in building consistent reasoning and logical argumentation. In the field of technology, mathematical logic is the foundation in the development of modern computing systems, such as algorithms, programming, artificial intelligence, and data structures. Without mathematical logic, digital systems such as search engines, software, and applications cannot function optimally. In finance, mathematical logic plays a role in budget strategy, investment decision-making, statistical analysis, and rational risk management. With a good understanding of logic, individuals and institutions can make more wise and measurable financial decisions. Although his contribution is large, there are still many people who do not understand the basic concepts of mathematical logic. This can be overcome through more inclusive education, contextual approaches, and interactive learning based on real problems, both in schools and non-formal environments. This study emphasizes the importance of mathematical logic as a foundation in supporting a more rational, efficient, and structured life in today's modern era. Increasing mathematical logic literacy can be a national strategy to create a society that thinks critically, is competitive, and ready to face global challenges.

Education is the main pillar in nation building, where teachers play a central role in determining the success of the learning process. However, in the modern era, challenges related to teachers' competence and creativity in managing the classroom and creating a conducive learning climate are still problems that need to be overcome. This study aims to analyze the role, function, and competence of teachers in achieving national education goals through a qualitative approach with the literature review method. Data was collected from accredited journal articles indexed in SINTA, with a publication range of 2020-2024, using the Publish or Perish (POP) tool. The results show that professional teachers need to master the material, teaching methods, and understand the needs of students to create an effective learning environment. In addition, teachers' creativity and innovation in managing the classroom and the integration of technology in learning are key factors in improving the quality of education. However, there is still a gap between theory and practice, especially in the application of character-based learning approaches, Islamic values, and inclusive classroom management. This study recommends the need for teacher training and competency development, especially in the use of technology and varied learning approaches, to create a more conducive and inclusive learning climate.    

This study aims to examine the regulatory framework concerning Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK), particularly in Functional Expert Positions in Indonesia and to identify how the policy implementation of PPPK in Functional Expert Positions is carried out at the Constitutional Court. The research employs an empirical method with a qualitative approach. The types of data used include both primary and secondary data: primary data was obtained through field interviews, while secondary data consists of documents, information, books, and facts sourced from official records and legislation. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of policies related to Functional Expert Positions at the Constitutional Court still faces regulatory inconsistencies, especially in the selection mechanism, which does not fully adhere to the established rules. Additionally, competency development for PPPK employees is not supported by systematic planning, which risks creating skill gaps. This situation may lead to uncertainty in career progression and reflects that the management of PPPK still encounters several fundamental challenges in its implementation.  

Cleanliness issues remain a persistent challenge in Islamic boarding school dormitories, particularly regarding poor sanitation, limited cleaning personnel, low student participation, and a general lack of awareness among residents. This study aims to examine the roles of management and human resources (HR) in addressing these issues at Al-Musthafa Dormitory. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research focuses on individual experiences to gain in-depth insights into the implementation of management and HR roles. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that dormitory management plays a strategic role in improving environmental hygiene through structured planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions. Furthermore, HR at Al-Musthafa significantly contributes to the effectiveness of cleanliness policies by establishing clear rules and regulations and encouraging active student participation in organized hygiene programs.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a very strong wealth of religious traditions. Religious activities that are often carried out by local tourists are pilgrimages to the tombs of saints, one of which is the Tomb of Sunan Ampel in Surabaya. On the 29th night of Ramadan, the area of ​​the Tomb of Sunan Ampel will experience a surge in visitors because it coincides with the last ten odd nights of the month of Ramadan. This study aims to determine the form of collaborative governance in the management of the 29th night of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The main problem of the study is the process of collaboration between stakeholders in the management of complex and large-scale religious activities. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that collaboration between parties in the management of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel is informal and only dominant in the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Foundation. Although there is functional cooperation, there is no written regulation to clearly regulate the division of roles. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the structure and equal participation so that the governance of Ramadan activities can run more effectively and inclusively.

Tourism is one of the strategic fields to obtain foreign exchange and support national and regional development. Indonesia has a rich diversity of tourist destinations, spread across the country. One of the regions famous for its beautiful and attractive tourist destinations is East Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT). This regency has various tourist destinations that attract attention and have unique characteristics. Currently, the focus of the community, particularly the people of East Manggarai Regency, is on the Watu Pajung Beach and Rana Tonjong Lake tourist destinations in Nanga Mbaur and Nanga Mbaling villages, Sambi Rampas sub-district. Considering its potential to increase regional income, this destination is specifically regulated through the East Manggarai Regency Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2016 concerning the management of the Watu Pajung Beach and Rana Tonjong Lake tourism area.This research uses empirical juridical methods, collecting data through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of the function of the East Manggarai Regency Tourism Office has shown an increase, but it is not yet optimal. Based on field experience and information obtained, the researcher can provide suggestions and input, namely: The Tourism Office must be more serious in overcoming the obstacles of managing the Watu Pajung Beach and Rana Tonjong Lake tourism to achieve optimal results, and the Local Government supports with larger budget assistance so that the management of tourist destinations is smoother.

Stingless bee (Trigona sp.) cultivation presents significant potential for livestock diversification, improved food security, and rural economic development. Although this practice offers clear advantages, including low maintenance requirements, minimal environmental risk, and the high nutritional and commercial value of its honey, its adoption in Lempake Subdistrict, North Samarinda, East Kalimantan, remains limited. This situation is primarily due to a lack of community awareness and technical knowledge in apiculture. In response, a community service program was conducted on 10 May 2025 by lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, in collaboration with local farmer groups and supported by the Samarinda City Government. The program provided structured training through field visits, lectures, interactive discussions, and practical demonstrations at selected apiaries. Post-training evaluations showed a substantial improvement in participants’ understanding of colony management, hygienic honey harvesting, and the economic prospects of stingless bee products. Additionally, the program encouraged entrepreneurial interest and supported the development of value-added functional food products based on local resources. These findings indicate that targeted training and institutional collaboration are effective in promoting sustainable stingless beekeeping practices. Future initiatives should focus on continued technical support and the integration of apiculture products into local and digital markets to enhance competitiveness and economic impact.

Mosques not only function as places of worship, but also have great potential to become centers of community development. This research examines the potential of the Jammi Daruss Saadah Mosque-the oldest mosque in Tebing Tinggi Sub-district, Empat Lawang Regency-in shaping the social, educational, spiritual and economic space of the local community. This research uses a qualitative approach with structured interview methods and participatory observation and is supported by an ethnographic approach to communication to understand the dynamics of social interactions that occur in the mosque environment. The results showed that this mosque has become the main forum for various community activities such as routine recitation, Al-Qur'an learning classes for children, and economic activities in the form of sacrificial animal farms managed by the mosque management. The mosque plays a role as a driver of improving the quality of religion and community welfare, as well as a symbol of the resilience of local Islamic identity since before independence until now. This finding emphasizes the importance of strengthening the function of the mosque as a social institution that is adaptive to the needs of the times. Mosques not only play a role in the spiritual realm, but also become strategic agents of community empowerment. This research recommends the need to strengthen mosque institutional governance and program innovation based on community participation so that the role of mosques can be optimized in responding to contemporary social challenges.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder common in women of reproductive age, characterized by insulin resistance (IR), anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, often leading to infertility. Metformin is the first-line therapy used. However, inositol, especially myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), have shown promising therapeutic potential. Direct comparison and optimal efficacy of both still require a comprehensive review. Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of inositol (as monotherapy or in combination) compared with metformin, placebo, or no intervention, in improving reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS. Methods: Conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed and Ebsco databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last 10 years. Studies evaluating inositol and/or metformin in women with PCOS and reporting reproductive, hormonal, or metabolic outcomes were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by five reviewers. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. Metformin consistently showed improvements in insulin resistance and androgen levels. Myo-inositol also demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as reproductive outcomes, often with a better tolerability profile, especially as monotherapy. The combination of metformin and myo-inositol has shown potential improvements in some reproductive functions (such as live birth rate) compared to metformin alone in some studies. However, other studies have shown comparable or superior efficacy of myo-inositol monotherapy with fewer side effects. Adjuvant therapies such as dexamethasone or calcium/vitamin D have shown benefits in certain subpopulations. Conclusions: Both inositol (especially myo-inositol) and metformin have significant therapeutic roles in the management of PCOS. Metformin remains an important intervention for metabolic dysregulation and hyperandrogenism. Inositol appears to be an effective and often better tolerated alternative, with significant reproductive benefits. The choice of therapy should be individualized based on patient phenotype and treatment goals.    

Metadata as structured data that has the function of defining, describing, organizing information with the aim of facilitating data management(Pratidina & Nasution, 2024). It is pretty much also referred to as one data against another data, one information against another information, playing a crucial role in various sectors, such as education, libraries, and also included in e-commerce management. This research article aims to explain the role and concept of metadata and its types that can be used in e-commerce systems. The writing of this research uses the literature review method. This method was chosen to explore existing knowledge to collect previous research results that are relevant to the topic discussed. The findings of this research found that metadata has an important role and its types can be used and developed further in e-commerce. The implication is that this research strengthens academic understanding that metadata is not only about data management but also supports the efficiency of information systems including in e-commerce.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of zakat on improving people's welfare in Indonesia. Zakat, as one of the financial instruments in Islam, plays an important role in reducing poverty and improving social welfare through equitable distribution of wealth. The findings of the study indicate that the distribution of zakat has a significant impact on improving the quality of life of beneficiaries, especially in terms of fulfilling basic needs such as education, health, and economic stability. In addition, zakat has also been proven to reduce poverty rates and reduce income disparities in society. The success of zakat is greatly influenced by professionalism in its management, accuracy in distributing to those in need, and transparency of zakat management institutions. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening the zakat management system and cooperation between institutions so that zakat can function optimally as a tool for economic empowerment and equalizing welfare in Indonesia.