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Geriatrics is a branch of gerontology that studies the level of health in the elderly from various aspects, including: promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative which includes physical, mental and social health. In principle, geriatrics strives for a happy and useful old age. Throughout the world today, the number of elderly people is estimated to be more than 629 million people, and in 2025 it is projected that the number of elderly people will reach 1.2 billion. Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high number of elderly people. In 2010 the number of elderly aged 65 years and over was 11 million, and it is projected that in 2020 the number of elderly will increase by 7.2%. Even the United States Census Bureau estimates that Indonesia will experience the largest increase in elderly citizens in the world in 2025, namely 414%. The increasing number of elderly will affect the welfare of the elderly (Ministry of Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia. 2012). The increase in the elderly population is of course accompanied by the risk of various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, neuromuscular disease and lung disease. Around 50-80% of elderly people aged more than 65 years will experience more than one chronic disease. This is related to the fact that the older you get, the more health problems you experience. One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need professional assistance.

According to The International Association for the Study of Pain, pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience accompanied by potential and actual tissue damage. Pain is a condition that is more than just a single sensation caused by certain stimuli, including post-operative pain. One way to reduce post-operative pain in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene is the music distraction technique which can produce endorphins to reduce pain. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying musical distraction techniques on post-op patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene during wound care at the Tanjungpinang City Regional Hospital. This research design is a pre-experimental design. The sample for this study was 30 respondents and analyzed using the Wilcoxon range test. The results show that there is a significant difference in influence between the pre-test and post-test after being given the musical distraction technique, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of applying the musical distraction technique on post-op gangrene diabetes mellitus (DM) patients during wound care at the Tanjungpinang City Hospital. Suggestions This research is one of the non-pharmacological therapy options for pain management. So it can be applied to post-op patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) gangrene during wound care.

Abstrak Indonesia is the sixth country with the highest number of Diabetes Mellitus sufferers in the world. One way to control blood sugar levels is to regulate a DM diet by consuming foods high in fiber and antioxidants. Snack bars are very suitable as a snack for DM sufferers. This research aims to obtain a formulation and determine the effect of adding corn flour on the antioxidant activity and dietary fiber of snack bars with the best substitutes for corn flour and spirulina flour. Research Method: This research is an experimental type of research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with independent variables in the form of a comparison of the composition of corn flour, namely F1 = corn flour 33.3% and spirulina flour 8.3%; F2= 50% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour and 8.3% spirulina flour; F3= 66.67% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour. The snack bar formulation uses wheat flour, corn flour, spirulina flour, eggs, margarine, Diabetasol powdered milk and Tropicana sugar. The steps in the procedure for making a snack bar are the preparation process, mixing process, forming or molding process, oven process, then letting it sit and serving. The analyzes used are organoleptic, antioxidant analysis, dietary fiber analysis, proximate analysis. The formulation that was acceptable to the panelists was the F3 formulation with the addition of 66.67% corn flour and 8.3% spirulina flour. The use of corn flour and the addition of spirulina flour in snack bars can increase the content of dietary fiber (9%) and antioxidants (36.16%). Comparison with the standard quality of snack bars for diets, F3 snack bars contain protein (7.89%), carbohydrates (50.38%), ash (1.2%), fat (15.20%), and energy (365 .35). The fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and mineral content meets the SNI 014216-1996 and USDA 5048 quality standards, while the protein content is still lacking.

The elderly are an age group that is prone to falls. The purpose of this service is to detect the risk of falls in the elderly and provide assistance in balance training as an effort to prevent the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls occur due to unintentional loss of balance resulting in failure of postural stability, or unexpected and sudden changes resulting in a position landing on the floor. Associated risk factors include current health status (living in the community, nursing home, hospital, frail or active state), diseases suffered (diabetes, hip fracture, stroke) and general changes related to aging (decreased balance, coordination, muscle strength, visual impairment, etc.). The output targets to be achieved are in the form of publications in accredited national journals and copyright for videos of community service activities. The method used is a fall risk detection examination using the Time Up and Go Test and continued with the provision of balance training, so that the elderly who have a risk of falling can be recognized as early as possible so that the provision of balance training can maintain and improve the balance of the elderly body.

Background: Knowledge about wound care in families and patients with diabetes mellitus foot wounds needs to be increased so that families can assist in the optimal wound healing process and patients can understand more about wound care. The need for education with booklets and audiovisual media for families of diabetes mellitus patients is to increase the effectiveness of family understanding in detecting signs of diabetes mellitus foot problems and appropriate treatment. The purpose of the case study is to illustrate the application of education using booklets and audiovisual media to increase family knowledge about the treatment of diabetic foot wounds in the Sekaran Health Center target area. This research method uses a case study with a descriptive approach. The results of the study regarding family knowledge about the treatment of diabetes mellitus foot wounds were obtained in subject I before receiving education a good level of knowledge with a score of 24, after receiving education a good level of knowledge with a score of 28, subject II before receiving education a moderate level of knowledge with a score of 19, after receiving education level of knowledge is good with a score of 26. Conclusion: health education is very important to increase family knowledge about the treatment of foot wounds with diabetes mellitus, carried out at the Sekaran Health Center.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies characterized by high sugar levels. Patients with chronic illnesses are very susceptible to depression. This can be overcome if the respondent has good enough resilience and self-efficacy so that he can manage self-care and regulate glycemic levels and strive for better health. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between resilience, self-efficacy and depression with self-care management in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Besuki Community Health Center working area. This research design is cross sectional/analytic correlation. The study population included 38 Diabetes Mellitus patients with Gangrene. The sampling technique uses probability sampling, total sampling. The sampling used was 38 people. The instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. And multiple linear regression statistical tests. The research results showed that the average resilience was 70.02, self-efficacy was 71, mild depression was 17 respondents and the average self-care management score was 72. Resilience increased self-care management with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005. Self-efficacy increases self-care management with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005 with an average coefficient of . the results of multiple linear regression obtained a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005. There is a relationship between self-efficacy, resilience and depression with self-care management in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Besuki Community Health Center working area with a p value of 0.000 ≤ α 0.005 with a coefficient value of 0.608 so, Self-efficacy influences self-care 6 times more than other variables. Self-efficacy, good resilience can reduce depression in chronic patients such as gangrene so that patients have adequate self-care management.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs chronically or chronically because the body does not have enough insulin hormone due to interference with insulin secretion, the insulin hormone does not work as it should or both (Hendry et al., 2023). The International Diabetes Mellitus Federation (IDF) organization estimates that at least 463 million people aged 20-79 years in the world suffered from diabetes mellitus in 2019 or equivalent to a prevalence rate of 9.3% of the total population of the same age. Based on gender, IDF estimates that the prevalence of diabetes in 2019 is 9% in women and 9.65% in men. (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2020). Prevalence data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2013-2018, there are 4 provinces with the highest prevalence, namely DKI Jakarta 3.4% East Kalimantan 3.1% In Yogyakarta 3.1%, North Sulawesi 3% and Central Java 2.1% ( Research and Development Agency, Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health, 2019).

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is most common in society. Hypertension is now a major problem for all of us, not only in Indonesia but in the world, because hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes and stroke (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2019). Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 shows that around 1.13 billion people in the world have hypertension, meaning that 1 in 3 people in the world are diagnosed with hypertension. The number of people with hypertension continues to increase every year, it is estimated that by 2025 there will be 1.5 billion people affected by hypertension and it is estimated that every year 10.44 million people die due to hypertension and its complications (Ministry of Health, 2019). Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of hypertension based on measurement results in the population aged 18 years was 34.1%, the highest in South Kalimantan (44.1%), while the lowest was in Papua (22.2%). Hypertension occurred in the age group 31-44 years (31.6%), age 45-54 years (45.3%), age 55-64 years (55.2%). From the prevalence of hypertension of 34.1%, it is known that 8.8% were diagnosed with hypertension and 13.3% of people diagnosed with hypertension did not take medication and 32.3% did not regularly take medication. This shows that the majority of hypertension sufferers do not know that they have hypertension and therefore do not receive treatment (Ministry of Health, 2019).

Diabetes mellitus is a serious problem in public health and one of the four priority non-communicable diseases that are of global concern (Dewi, 2022). The etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is insulin resistance, with higher than normal insulin concentrations required to maintain normoglycemia. When insulin production by pancreatic beta cells is inadequate to compensate for increased insulin resistance, blood glucose levels will increase. Secondly, pancreatic beta cell dysfunction occurs as a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Lastly, environmental factors which also play an important role in the occurrence of DM are obesity, eating too much and lack of physical activity (Dewi, 2022). Diabetes mellitus was the direct cause of death for 1.6 million people in 2016. The latest data released by the International Diabetes Federation (FDA) shows that around 415 million people aged 20-79 years worldwide experienced diabetes mellitus in 2015. This figure is predicted will increase to 642 million people in 2040 with prevalence increasing from 8.8% to 10.4%. China, India and the United States are the three countries with the highest number of diabetes mellitus sufferers. According to the World Diabetes Foundation, from 2014 until now 382 million people in Indonesia suffer from diabetes mellitus. This number is predicted to increase to 592 million people in 2035 (Maria, 2021).

The world is facing a triple burden caused by various disease problems. These problems include the presence of New Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases such as Covid 19, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) tend to increase every year and Infectious diseases that have not been resolved properly. This causes Indonesia to only focus on curative health efforts (Nina et al, 2018). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke. cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes are the main causes of death in the world (WHO, 2018). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) or Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) are diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person, whose development progresses slowly over a long period of time (chronic). Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to last a long time and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors (WHO, 2018).

In the digital era and now it stimulates human life in the world to adopt new patterns such as eating patterns and so on. The current era of information technology and globalization has brought many changes to people's lives, including changes in lifestyle, especially diet. Consuming excessive amounts of fast food can cause various health problems, such as obesity (overweight), diabetes (diabetes), hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), coronary heart disease, appendicitis (appendicitis), stroke, cancer. , and others (Amalia et al., 2022). Appendicitis is a health problem that often occurs in Indonesia. Appendicitis requires surgical intervention, because it is an acute inflammation (Rahayu et al., 2021).

Diabetes Mellitus, DM, refers to chronic metabolic problems indicated by hyperglycemia condition. This matter influences complications on the feet. Foot care education is a diabetic education to treat the feet excellently and correctly by providing audiovisual media. This research analyzed the influence of foot care education taught by audiovisual media toward the improvement of DM knowledge of DM patients. This quasi-experimental research used a control group design. The sampling technique was incidental sampling with 60 respondents. The Wilcoxon test result obtained a p-value of 0.0001 lower than 0.05. The result indicated the influence of foot care education with audiovisual media on the DM knowledge improvement of the patients. The researchers expect future researchers to apply foot care education with audiovisual media to prevent diabetic foot cases.

GDA (Blood sugar), or monosaccharide, is the body's main metabolic that produces energy in the form of ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). Exercise gives it enough energy to produce glucose into ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). This study used the elderly group as the research target. The purpose of this study is to identify how to reduce GDA (blood sugar) levels in the elderly in the Surabaya area and to educate elderly people to pay more attention to their blood sugar so that they can avoid blood sugar disease. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection and processing technique applied during the research was the deep interview technique. The research sample was taken from a total of 30 elderly people who were interviewed about blood sugar levels. It is known that the behavior of respondents in the knowledge of GDA (blood sugar) can be classified at a fairly good level. The results showed that out of 30 elderly people (100%) showed an increase in knowledge after the delivery of material which initially 10% increased to 90%. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of sugar level education with its application is in accordance with the objectives. Researchers hope that the results of the study can be developed so that they are useful and feasible to use.

Background of study: Diabetic ulcers is a complication of diabetes mellitus resulting from sensory, motor, autonomic neuropathy and/or vascular disorders of the limbs. One of the diabetic ulcer treatment techniques is using aloe vera gel. Aloe vera contains anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and can repair tissue damage of diabetic ulcers. Objective: to determine changes and developments after applying aloe vera gel to diabetic ulcer wound healing. Methods: This research uses descriptive case studies by observing nursing care for diabetic ulcer patients using aloe vera gel at the Rasika Gunungkidul Wound Clinic with an application 6x and application is carried out every 2 days using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool. Results: The results of the assessment score before application in respondent 1 score 32 points with categories wound degeneration and respondent 2 score 21 points with categories wound degeneration. After application with aloe vera gel the score on respondent 1 was 21 points with categories wound degeneration while on respondent 2 was 10 points with categories wound regenration. The two respondents had a decrease in score which indicated that the wound had progressed significantly. Conclusion: The application of aloe vera gel can be used as an effective non-pharmacological method for diabetic ulcer wound.  

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes mellitus, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases. If not treated immediately can cause damage to the eyes, kidneys, heart disease, hypertension, stroke and even cause gangrene. One of the non-pharmacological treatments is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Objective: To determine changes in blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Method: Descriptive method with a case study approach to 2 respondents in Jengglong Hamlet, Karanganyar Regency. The duration of giving progressive muscle relaxation therapy to respondents was 20 minutes in the morning and evening for 7 days from 25 May 2023 to 31 May 2023. Results: The blood sugar levels of the two respondents before applying progressive muscle relaxation therapy were 243 mg/dL and 255 mh/dL. After application, blood sugar levels dropped to 167 mg/dL and 221 mg/dL. Conclusion: The application of progressive muscle relaxation is able to reduce blood sugar levels in both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Jengglong Hamlet, Karanganyar Regency.

Background : The elderly will experience various declines that have an impact on one of the problems in the endocrine system, namely diabetes mellitus. One of the reasons for lack of physical exercise. Data from Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus diagnosed aged 65 to 74 years is 6.03%. Based on data from PKD Mliwis cadres, there were 76 cases of elderly people with DM. One of the recommended physical exercises for diabetic patients is walking. Walking can help muscles absorb blood sugar in the body. Purpose: To find out the results of implementing walking in the elderly on blood sugar levels in Mliwis Village. Method: This type of case study research uses descriptive research methods. Prior to the research, interviews and observations were carried out through observation sheets (pre-test) and after the intervention, results were observed (post-test). Management of diabetes mellitus by walking is given 3 times in 1 week. This therapy is given for 3 days in 30 minutes at one meeting. Results: Obtained an average reduction in sugar levels in the first respondent by 11,6 mg/dl while the second respondent obtained an average decrease of 16 mg/dl. Conclusion: This walking therapy can reduce blood sugar levels in 2 respondents.

Degenerative disease is a health condition of an organ or related tissue whose condition can deteriorate over time due to changes in body cells that affect organ function as a whole. The factor is due to unhealthy life changes such as lack of activity and frequent exposure to harmful substances into the body. Degenerative diseases include hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, cancer, and death. Harmful substances or free radicals can be inhibited by antioxidants. One drug that has antioxidant activity is ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) which functions as an immune booster and is used by the public because it is effective as an antioxidant and health therapy but there are side effects in the form of gastrointestinal. The research aimed to find candidate drug ingredients from compounds contained in black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) as in silico antioxidants. The methods used are molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The results showed BLH19 had better toxicity than the comparator drug and had hydrogen interactions that could be stabilized by the amino acid Gln139. The results of molecular dynamic calculations for BLH19 have an RMSD value of 1.5 Å with a ΔGTotal of -33.50 Kcal/mol. While the comparator drug has an RMSD value of 1.6 Å with ΔGTotal -3.39 Kcal/mol. The results showed that the affinity level of ascorbic acid compared to BLH19 for the 4RP9 receptor was predicted to be a candidate for a new antioxidant drug.

Blood glucose levels are something that the general population is aware of and should be tested on a regular basis. These regular checks can help to prevent a rise in diabetes, which has the potential to limit productivity; thus, it is critical to know the level of glucose in the community. Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1 to better comprehend the implications. The goal Community service is done out  to raise awareness and information about the importance of regulating blood sugar levels in Griya Putri Ayu Housing Society Block T1, Alang-alang Lebar District, Palembang City. Method: Community service is done out by monitoring blood sugar levels using an autochek. The blood sugar levels of 11 participant were examined. The average blood sugar level of Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1 occupants is 108.4 mg/dl, with 1 person having diabetes mellitus because blood glucose levels surpass the normal limit of 250 mg/dLDiscussion: Following screening, residents are found to be better educated about blood glucose levels. It is believed that by doing so, Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1, Alang-alang Lebar District, Palembang City residents would become more conscious of the need of leading a healthier lifestyle.  

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease indicated by hyperglycemia. This matter occurs due to the incapability of the pancreas to secret the insulin, the interrupted insulin performance, or the existence of both problems. Poor sleeping quality influenced the blood glucose level in the body. Normal individuals have blood glucose levels between 65 and 120 mg/dl after waking up. This research determined the blood glucose levels and the sleeping quality of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. This quantitative research applied the analytical descriptive design with the cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. The applied measuring instrument was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI. The Spearman Rank test obtained a p-value of 0.000 lower than 0.05. Thus, the result accepts Ha, indicating a significant correlation between blood glucose and the sleeping quality of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with r = 0.786. The r-value had a negative correlation indicating a strong correlation between glucose level and the sleeping quality of the patients. If the blood glucose was abnormal, the sleeping quality would be poor and vice versa. The researcher recommends future researchers promote quantitative research to examine the influential factors of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients' quality.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia characteristics that occurs because abnormality of insulin secretion . Diabetes mellitus can cause eye damage . Study this aim to know the correlation of stability of blood sugar levels with decreased visual acuity in type II diabetes mellitus.This study use analytical study design correlation with approach cross sectional. The technique used purposive with 52 respondents who meet the criteria. The analysis of the data used test Chi-Square. The results of study showed that for stability rate sugar blood of 29 respondents are unstable. Decrease in visual acuity of 23 respondents were in moderate category. The results of the chi-square test of the stability of blood sugar levels with decreased visual acuity in Diabetes Mellitus type II obtained p value = 0.00 0 so that the p -value < = 0.05 . The results of this study indicate a relationship between the stability of blood sugar levels with decreased visual acuity.It can be concluded that unstable blood sugar levels can affect the decrease in visual acuity in Diabetes Mellitus. On the contrary, if blood sugar levels are in a stable range, the risk of decreased visual acuity will decrease.