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Chilli farming is an important sector in Ende District, but plant disease problems are often an obstacle that hampers productivity. Farmers often have difficulty recognizing the symptoms of disease in chili plants and determining appropriate treatment steps. To overcome this problem, this research aims to design and build a web-based expert system that can help diagnose chili plant diseases using the Forward Chaining method. This expert system was developed by collecting knowledge from agricultural experts and literature related to chili plant diseases, as well as applying the Forward Chaining method for the reasoning process. Users, especially farmers, can enter the symptoms experienced by chili plants into the system, then the system will produce a disease diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations based on these symptoms. This research uses a case study at Maju Tani Agriculture in Ende District to ensure that the expert system developed is relevant to local conditions. This system is implemented in the form of a web-based application so that it can be accessed easily by farmers using devices connected to the internet. The test results show that this expert system can provide accurate and efficient diagnoses, as well as assist farmers in making decisions to overcome chili plant disease problems. It is hoped that this system can increase agricultural productivity and reduce the risk of losses due to plant diseases.

Curriculum administration is all business processes that have been planned and attempted deliberately and earnestly as well as continuous guidance on teaching and learning activities effectively and efficiently in order to achieve the educational goals that have been set. The importance of curriculum administration in educational institutions, which includes the selection of materials, teaching methods, and assessments that are in accordance with educational goals and student needs. Curriculum administration plays a role in ensuring that the curriculum is well structured and organized through various levels of planning, implementation, and supervision. Curriculum evaluation is also an important part of education management, aiming to collect information about the effectiveness of curriculum implementation and the impact of learning outcomes. In addition, this journal highlights the role of teachers in curriculum administration as implementers, adapters, developers, and researchers. The presence of artificial intelligence (AI) technology presents an opportunity for educators to carry out a learning process that focuses on the needs, interests, and learning styles of students, because the independent curriculum requires educators to carry out differentiated learning as an initiative in facilitating students, especially in Pancasila education, which incidentally is still carried out by conventional models or methods.

This research examines English language education at SMAN 1 Sutojayan Blitar using a qualitative case study. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, focusing on planning, organization, implementation, and assessment. The findings reveal that English teaching at the school is highly structured and effective. Key elements include detailed planning, diverse instructional methods, and a student-centered approach. The curriculum is regularly updated to align with students' skill levels, and clear role delegation, strong coordination, and efficient resource use contribute to a positive learning environment. The communicative approach, technology integration, and varied teaching techniques promote active student participation. A comprehensive assessment system provides continuous feedback, supporting learning progress. Overall, the study highlights the importance of holistic teaching strategies that enhance students' English-speaking skills and can serve as a model for improving English language education.

The implementation of an effective and efficient information system is very important in managing letter archives in government offices. This study aims to design and implement a letter archive information system using the Scrum method at the Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat District Office. Scrum was chosen as a software development framework because of its adaptive and iterative nature, allowing the team to accommodate changing needs quickly. Through this approach, system development is carried out in several sprints, which ensures that the development process runs in a structured manner with a clear division of tasks. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Scrum method can increase efficiency in the letter archive management process and accelerate the response to changes in system needs. With this letter archive information system, the sub-district office can manage letter documents in a more organized, easily accessible, and secure manner. This study is expected to be the basis for further development to improve the quality of administrative services in government institutions.

This article discusses the relationship between the central and regional governments in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) in the context of regional autonomy. By referring to the 1945 Constitution and Law no. 23 of 2014, this analysis highlights the importance of coordination and supervision between the two entities to achieve effective and efficient government goals. This relationship involves aspects of authority, institutions, finance and supervision, all of which play a role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the government system. In the digital era, new challenges emerge, such as the spread of inaccurate information, which require special attention to ensure fair and inclusive societal participation.

It is very important for companies to present financial reports in order to increase the relevance value of a company. Researchers conducted research on CV. Agung Jaya. This research aims to find out how to analyze the presentation of company financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP in order to increase relevance value. This research uses quantitative descriptive. The data sources used were obtained through documentation and interviews.  The analysis techniques used are making reports on the cost of production, making profit and loss, making reports on changes in equity, financial position reports, cash flow reports and notes to financial reports. The results of this research are CV. Agung Jaya has not fully prepared financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP. The recording carried out is not completely efficient and effective. This discrepancy is why researchers present financial reports in accordance with SAK ETAP consisting of profit and loss reports, capital changes reports, financial position reports, cash flow reports, and notes to financial reports. Having financial reports that comply with SAK ETAP can increase the relevance value, making it easier for users of financial reports to provide company information which will result in no wrong decision making.

This research aims to find out how the accounting information system for receipt of parking member payment bills using a virtual account which is carried out at PT Securindo Packtama Indonesia Area Rukan PIK is running well or not and what the internal controls are at the company. The research method used is the qualitative analysis method. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are based on analysis of the accounting information system and internal control system, where the system used by the company is good because it has helped record receipts for parking member payment bills quite efficiently in terms of time, while the company's internal control system is also quite good, although still duplicate tasks were found in certain sections.

This study was conducted to examine the functions of data management, data analytics, and business intelligence across various organizational sectors. A literature review was performed to gain a broader understanding of the topic, utilizing research backgrounds from different countries, with ten studies selected for review from multiple sources. The results indicate that efficient data management, combined with robust analytical capabilities and business intelligence tools, is crucial for modern organizations seeking to achieve operational excellence and strategic growth. By implementing the appropriate measures, organizations can maximize the benefits of data management, data analytics, and business intelligence in attaining their strategic objectives.

Using a mixed-method approach, This study examines emotional support for Quranic memorization students (santri tahfidz) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). Quantitative analysis of 515 santri tahfidz revealed high levels of emotional support (M = 3.74, SD = 0.68) with two primary dimensions: reliable relationships (74.96%) and trusted guidance (75.17%). Multiple regression analysis uncovered a significant relationship between emotional support and Quranic memorization achievement (β = 0.42, p < .001, R² = 0.18). A meta-analysis of 28 studies (N = 3,627) confirmed a positive correlation between emotional support and students' psychological well-being (r = 0.39, 95% CI [0.34, 0.44]). MANOVA results indicated significant differences in santri tahfidz's perceptions of emotional support based on gender (Wilks' λ = .97, F(2, 512) = 7.85, p < .001, partial η² = .03) and age (Wilks' λ = .95, F(4, 1022) = 6.73, p < .001, partial η² = .03). These findings extend previous research by Hasfi (2018) and Vista (2018) by identifying the specific roles of teacher support (β = 0.31, p < .01) and peer support (β = 0.28, p < .01) in enhancing student resilience. Furthermore, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional support dynamics in pesantren tahfidz education, integrating Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological perspective and Deci and Ryan's (2000) self-determination theory. Finally in a practical context, the researcher evaluates this study has implications for the development of more structured and efficient emotional support intervention programs in tahfidz pesantren.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the usability of the website by students of Amikom University Purwokerto using the usability testing method. In today's digital world, websites have become the primary tools for communication and information for educational institutions. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the website meets the needs and expectations of users. The methods used in this study include data collection through a questionnaire designed to measure five key variables: learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, and user satisfaction. This questionnaire was distributed to students to gather comprehensive feedback regarding their experiences while using the website.The research results indicate that there are many aspects that need improvement to enhance the user experience, including ease of navigation and the speed of information delivery. The lower scores on the memorability index suggest that users experience difficulties recalling how to use certain functions after not visiting the website for a certain period. Additionally, several performance issues and errors were found that could hinder users from achieving their goals on the website. We hope that these findings can provide useful recommendations for the development of educational websites to be more efficient and user-friendly. Given the negative aspects identified, it is hoped that the user experience can be improved so that the website can function as a source of information and services for students.  

Aerial photo mapping requires Control Points (CP). The Indonesian National Standard 8202:2019 regulates the number of CPs needed. The smallest area regulated is less than 250 km². Projects with an area of less than 1 km² have the same number of CPs as those with an area of less than 250 km². This is neither effective nor efficient because the CP work depends on the number of workers and requires time based on access to the project site. This study aims to identify the minimum number of CPs and the appropriate distribution of CPs for aerial photo mapping at a scale of 1:2,500 class 1 that is effective and efficient in terms of time and cost. The study uses seven schemes. Schemes 1 and 7 use 4 Ground Control Points (GCP) and 5 Independent Control Points (ICP). Scheme 2 uses 5 GCPs and 4 ICPs. Schemes 3, 4, 5, and 6 use 3 GCPs and 6 ICPs. Each scheme will be evaluated based on CE90 and LE90 values. The maximum CE90 value is 0.75 m, and the LE90 value is 0.5 m. The effective and efficient scheme in terms of time and cost is determined by the number of GCPs used, as well as the CE90 and LE90 values. The results indicate that all schemes have CE90 and LE90 values below the maximum standard. Scheme 4 is identified as the most effective due to having the highest CE90 and LE90 values among the schemes, with CE90 at 0.028 m and LE90 at 0.448 m. Scheme 4 is also identified as the most efficient because it uses a minimal number of GCPs—only three—distributed diagonally from the Southeast to the Northwest in the project area.

This study examines the implementation of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method in simulating bullet trajectories in the Earth's gravitational field. Bullet trajectory simulation is important in various fields such as ballistics and engineering, where the accuracy of predicting the trajectory of a moving object is crucial. The introduction explains the importance of using numerical methods in solving complex equations of motion, considering that analytical solutions are often inadequate. The purpose of this study is to apply the Runge-Kutta method to solve nonlinear differential equations describing the motion of a bullet under the influence of gravity. The research methods include modeling the motion system using Newton's laws and applying the Runge-Kutta method to predict the trajectory based on initial conditions such as velocity and firing angle. The simulation results show that the Runge-Kutta method provides accurate predictions of bullet trajectories, with low relative errors compared to other numerical methods. In conclusion, this method is effective and efficient in simulating bullet trajectories, providing reliable results in practical applications.

The solutions of limit problems is one of fundamental concepts in real analysis, applicable in various fields of mathematics and other sciences. However, determining limit can sometimes present challenges, particularly when the fuction in question is complex and difficult to solve manually. This study demostrates the use of MATLAB as a tool to assist in solving such problems numerically. The findings show that MATLAB is realible in calculating the limits of specific fuctions, offering accurate solutions more efficiently and quickly compared to manual methods.

This research aims to analyze the level of student satisfaction with the services provided by the Academic Administration and Registration Bureau at Stella Maris University, Sumba. The method used in this research is a survey with a quantitative approach, where data is collected through questionnaires distributed to students from various study programs. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the characteristics of respondents and their level of satisfaction with various aspects of service, including speed of service, quality of information, and the attitude of bureau officers. The research results show that the majority of students are satisfied with the services provided, although there are several aspects that need to be improved, such as response time to questions and completeness of the information provided. This research provides recommendations for service improvements, including increased training for bureau staff and the development of more efficient information systems. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to improving the quality of academic administration services at Stella Maris University, Sumba.

This research uses a quantitative approach with the help of Python to solve infimum and supremum problems involving measurements, calculations and data analysis to draw conclusions. This research process consists of several stages: problem identification, modeling a set of numbers or functions, and implementing algorithms in Python to calculate the infimum and supremum. The calculation results are compared with manual analytical solutions to ensure accuracy and efficient use of Python. Sets as a basic concept in programming allow organizing data and logical operations more efficiently. These findings show that Python is not only effective in calculating supremum and infimum, but also speeds up the solution process compared to manual methods. The results of the program execution show that the analyzed set has an infimum fan supremum which is in accordance with the theory, where set 1 has an infimum of 2, set 2 has a supremum of 5, and set 3 has an infimum of 1 and a supremum of 4.

The detection of computer network attacks is becoming increasingly important as the complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks threatening information systems and network infrastructure continue to rise. These attacks may lead to severe consequences, including data breaches, service disruptions, and financial losses. To address these challenges, artificial intelligence techniques have become a major focus in the development of more effective, adaptive, and reliable intrusion detection systems. Among various classification algorithms, the C4.5 decision tree has demonstrated strong performance due to its simplicity, interpretability, and high classification accuracy. This study aims to apply the C4.5 algorithm for network attack detection using a comprehensive dataset that includes multiple categories of attacks and normal network activities. The proposed methodology consists of several stages, including data preprocessing, feature selection, decision tree model construction, and performance evaluation using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Data preprocessing is performed to handle missing values, normalize data, and reduce noise, thereby improving the overall quality of the dataset and enhancing classification results. The experimental results indicate that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm effectively classifies network traffic into attack and normal categories with a satisfactory level of accuracy. The model successfully identifies attack-related patterns and highlights significant features that influence detection performance. Further analysis reveals that appropriate feature selection and parameter tuning significantly contribute to improving model reliability and robustness. This research provides a valuable contribution to the development of efficient, accurate, and practical network intrusion detection systems. The proposed approach is expected to strengthen information security frameworks and support proactive defense strategies against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, thereby enhancing the protection of critical network infrastructures.

In order for life to exist on Earth, water is required and is particularly important on ships. Concerns about water scarcity arise because water resources cannot always meet demand. pH has an impact on the quality of drinking water, with an ideal range between 6.5-8.5. Alkaline water with a pH of 8.8 has health benefits, including helping to lower stomach acid and improve body oxygenation. The pH of drinking water recommended by the EPA is between 6.5-8.5 to ensure safe consumption. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of water, on a scale of 0-14, where 7 is considered neutral. The research plans to make a drinking water pH control system using an ESP 32 microcontroller. This research aims to control also monitor the pH of drinking water efficiently using ESP 32 microcontroller. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method to design pH control in drinking water solutions. The phases of the research include using a pH sensor to detect pH values, using an ESP 32 microcontroller to control pH, and validating and improving the product model. Overall system testing in the design of a drinking water pH controller system from water treatment is an important stage to ensure successful integration between all components and desired functionality. This testing process includes several main stages, Hardware Integration Testing: All hardware is physically connected and integrated, including ESP32, relays, solenoid valves, and pH sensors. This test is taken to ensure that all components are properly installed and interact with each other correctly. Software Integration Testing: This type of testing verifies that all features and functions of the system function as intended by the software program responsible for it. This includes testing Wi-Fi connections, integration with the Blynk platform, and programming logic as an automatic water controller. Testing System Functionality: to ensure that the intended features can be run properly, the system is tested in various usage scenarios. This includes testing the water controller automatically. the designed system can function normally and adjust appropriately to the designed controller system. From the data obtained regarding the performance results of the system built, it was found that the pH controller system can be run automatically based on the water that has been set as the set point of the system created. The monitoring system with IoT is also able to run well. The time needed will be more to control the pH in the range of 6.5-8.5.

Distance learning has become a supporting tool in education in the digital era. Improving the quality of education requires changing new, more efficient learning methods by designing E-Learning applications for learning media. The Manado State Christian Institute already has an Information System platform which aims to facilitate student registration and administration. To improve the quality of education, an E-Learning application is needed. The aim of this research is to design an E-Learning application as a distance learning platform that facilitates communication between students and lecturers in accessing material, assignments, challenges and exams. System design is carried out using Unified Modeling Language (UML) based modeling. Based on the results of usability testing, a score of 95.2% was obtained, which means that the E-Learning application is very good to use based on the experience of 5 respondents representing the Manado State Christian Institute.

The increasing demand for efficient data management in higher education has highlighted the need for advanced information systems that support research and community service activities. At Universitas Jambi, the Sistem Informasi Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (SIMLPPM) is the primary platform for managing research data. However, its usability remains limited due to restricted accessibility, unstructured data categorization, and inadequate visualization tools. This study aims to enhance SIMLPPM by developing an interactive dashboard to improve data presentation, user trust, and decision-making efficiency. The research employs the Human-Organization-Technology FIT (HOT-FIT) model to evaluate user satisfaction and system effectiveness by surveying 128 faculty members. The findings indicate that leadership support, organizational structure, and facilities significantly influence user satisfaction and system adoption, while information and service quality have minimal impact. The study underscores the importance of system usability and administrative support over purely technical attributes. Future research should explore AI-driven analytics and expand the evaluation across multiple institutions to enhance data accessibility and user engagement in research management.

Developing a web-based information system using the waterfall model, focusing on user needs analysis, design, development, testing, and system implementation. The results of the needs analysis indicate that users want a system that is easily accessible and efficient in data management. The design process produces an intuitive system design, while development is carried out using PHP and MySQL. System testing involves users to ensure functionality and stability, with the feedback obtained used for improvement. Implementation of the system in a real environment shows an increase in data management efficiency compared to the previous system. This study confirms the effectiveness of the waterfall model in developing information systems, although challenges in design flexibility still need to be considered. The results of this study are expected to provide a significant contribution to the development of web-based information systems that are more responsive to user needs.