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Coffee husk is an agro-industrial waste with significant potential to be utilized as a renewable energy source through the fast pyrolysis process. This study aims to analyze and optimize gas production from the fast pyrolysis of coffee husk biomass using a screw reactor through single-particle-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulations were conducted by varying the operating temperature at 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C to examine pressure distribution, heat transfer, particle temperature, and the formation of pyrolysis products, namely bio-oil, biogas, and biochar. The modeling was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 with a numerical approach to represent thermal phenomena and biomass decomposition reactions during the pyrolysis process. The simulation results indicate that increasing temperature significantly affects the rate of heat transfer and the temperature distribution of coffee husk particles. At 600°C, heat transfer and temperature distribution are more uniform compared to 500°C, although heating at the particle core is not yet fully optimal. The pressure distribution shows a stable flow of pyrolysis gas from the bottom to the top of the reactor. In terms of products, increasing temperature leads to a reduction in biochar and bio-oil formation due to the occurrence of secondary reactions, while biogas production increases. The highest gas production is achieved at 700°C, indicating the most optimal condition for maximizing gas yield from fast pyrolysis. Therefore, single-particle-based CFD simulation can be used as an effective tool to understand pyrolysis mechanisms and optimize process parameters in a screw reactor.

Science learning in elementary schools, especially regarding the material on changes in the state of matter, requires media that can present concepts in a concrete and interesting way so So that it is easy for students to understand. This research aims to develop a science learning medium about changes in the states of matter through BrainPOP animated videos equipped with interactive questions for fourth-grade elementary school students, and to evaluate the level of feasibility and studentThis research focuses on students’ feedback toward the developed learning media. It adopts a The research and development (R&D) methodology based on the ADDIE model includes steps such as needs analysis, instructional design, product development, implementation, and evaluation. The students involved in the research were in fourth grade  elementary school students, fourth-grade teachers, and validators from material experts and media experts. The process of data collection involved multiple methods such as direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires obtained were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study indicate that the developed learning media is classified as very feasible based on validation provided by material experts and media experts. In addition, the results of limited trials indicate that students gave a very positive response to the use of these learning media. Therefore, science learning media based on BrainPOP animated videos and interactive questions can be considered a feasible alternative to increase the interest and understanding of fourth-grade elementary school students.

Cocoa is recalcitrant seed which it has the high water content and the deterioration goes quickly. The distribution of cocoa seed need longer time and it will decrease the quality of cocoa seed and cocoa seedling. The research aimed to determine of effectiveness seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana after storage during the distribution of seed. This research was conducted in Indonesian Cofee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was conduct using randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. First  factor was the  storage period  of two days (L2), three days (3 hari), four days (L4), five days (L5), six (L6) and seven days (L7). The second factor was seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana (B1) and seed soaking with fungicide (B0). The result showed that storage periode had significant effect on  plant height and stem diameter. Seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana showed significant effect on plant height. The interaction between storage periode and seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana had no significant effect on the height of seedling, stem diameter and leaf number of seedling. 

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

The legal counseling activity on the technical aspects of preventing and reporting Ilegal online lending in Ngawen Village, Muntilan District, was motivated by the increasing number of Ilegal online lending cases that harm the community due to low legal and digital literacy. Rural communities often become victims because they do not understand the differences between legal and Ilegal loans and are unaware of the proper reporting mechanisms. This activity aims to provide residents with legal understanding regarding online lending regulations, improve digital literacy so that the community can identify Ilegal applications, and train residents to be courageous and capable of reporting Ilegal online lending practices to the relevant authorities. The implementation methods included socialization through interactive lectures, distribution of handout materials, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was attended by 15 residents of Ngawen Village and featured two presenters from the Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the characteristics of Ilegal online lending, its socio-economic impacts, and the reporting procedures to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo), and the police. Participants also gained a better understanding of the importance of protecting personal data and verifying the legality of financial applications before using them. In conclusion, this counseling activity successfully enhanced the community’s legal awareness and digital literacy, fostering a more vigilant and legally empowered society capable of protecting itself from Ilegal online lending practices in the digital era.

The Bridal Bouquet is one of the essential accessories in weddings to complement the bride’s appearance. Fresh flowers tend to wither quickly, while synthetic flowers are considered less artistic. Therefore, the researcher created a product innovation: a Round Bridal Bouquet made of beads using the twisting technique. This study aims to describe the production process and determine public acceptance of the product. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method consisting of nine stages. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, literature study, and questionnaires with a descriptive qualitative approach. The production process was carried out systematically, starting from identifying potential and problems, drafting, product validation by five expert validators, product revision, trials, and distribution of questionnaires to 35 respondents. The results showed that the product innovation was well received by the public. The researcher suggests that this product can be further developed not only in round shape, but also in various other bouquet styles. Additionally, using lighter materials than beads is recommended for better comfort.

The aim of the research is to find out the process of developing knowledge learning media based on Android applications.Learning media is very much needed as a tool used in practical learning.Changes in educational progress require innovation in learning media to keep them up to dat and able to overcome new problems that arise. The research method used is the R & D research and development method with the 4D model. The stages of the 4D development model are 1) Definition; 2) Design; 3) Development; 4) Distribution. This research produces android-based textile knowledge learning media. The software used is iSpring Suite Toolkit Authoring based on Power Point; and Website 2 APK Builder.The iSpring Suit software is used in the design and development of learning media, while the Website 2 APK Builder software is used to change Android application programs. Based on the results of the learning media feasibility questionnaire, it can be seen that the textile knowledge learning media is very feasible to use, reaching 90%.

The legal counseling activity on the technical aspects of preventing and reporting Ilegal online lending in Ngawen Village, Muntilan District, was motivated by the increasing number of Ilegal online lending cases that harm the community due to low legal and digital literacy. Rural communities often become victims because they do not understand the differences between legal and Ilegal loans and are unaware of the proper reporting mechanisms. This activity aims to provide residents with legal understanding regarding online lending regulations, improve digital literacy so that the community can identify Ilegal applications, and train residents to be courageous and capable of reporting Ilegal online lending practices to the relevant authorities. The implementation methods included socialization through interactive lectures, distribution of handout materials, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was attended by 15 residents of Ngawen Village and featured two presenters from the Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the characteristics of Ilegal online lending, its socio-economic impacts, and the reporting procedures to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo), and the police. Participants also gained a better understanding of the importance of protecting personal data and verifying the legality of financial applications before using them. In conclusion, this counseling activity successfully enhanced the community’s legal awareness and digital literacy, fostering a more vigilant and legally empowered society capable of protecting itself from Ilegal online lending practices in the digital era.

The rapid development of digital communication has encouraged social organizations to optimize online-based donation campaigns. Grandma Foundation still faces limitations in utilizing visual content, particularly video, due to the limited video editing skills of its volunteers. This Community Service Program aimed to enhance volunteers’ capacity in producing creative video content to strengthen the foundation’s online donation campaigns. The program employed a participatory educational approach through video editing training, content production assistance, campaign video simulations, and output evaluation. The activity was conducted on October 25–26, 2025, involving 20 volunteers of Grandma Foundation in South Tangerang. The results indicate an improvement in volunteers’ understanding and skills in visual storytelling, video editing techniques, and social media content distribution strategies. The program produced campaign videos that were more communicative, persuasive, and aligned with the characteristics of digital audiences. This initiative contributed to strengthening the foundation’s institutional image, expanding the reach of online donation campaigns, and enhancing the readiness of human resources to respond to digital communication challenges.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management at the micro–enterprise AMANAH YOGURT, located in Candimulyo, Kiringan, Boyolali. The business employs 11 workers with specific task divisions: 7 in packaging, 1 in production, 2 in marketing responsible for promotion and advertising, and 1 supervisor who monitors the production process while also assisting in production ac,tivities. The daily production capacity reaches 500 packs during peak demand and 350 packs under normal conditions. This research applies a descriptive qualitative approach through observations and informal interviews with the owner and employees. The findings indicate that AMANAH YOGURT has implemented performance management through the application of production SOP, clear task distribution, informal evaluative communication between the owner and employees, as well as consistent adherence to hygiene standards and product quality. AMANAH YOGURT products have been distributed across Java Island, Bali, and even Mataram through bus logistics, travel services, and direct delivery for nearby areas. Halal certification and BPOM authorization further enhance consumer trust and strengthen the competitiveness of the business.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of income and employment opportunities on women's decision to become migrant workers, as well as the impact on the level of family welfare of women migrant workers. The approach used is a quantitative method by utilizing primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires to female respondents who have worked or are currently working as migrant workers in Kecamatan Utan, Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS software. The research variables were measured using a number of indicators formulated based on the theoretical basis and the results of previous studies. The findings show that income has a positive and significant influence on women's decision to work as migrant workers, with a coefficient of 1.940 and a p-value of 0.000. In contrast, employment opportunities have a negative and significant effect on the decision, with a coefficient of -1.147 and a p-value of 0.000. Furthermore, women's decision to become migrant workers has a positive and significant effect on family welfare, as shown by a coefficient of 0.594 and a p-value of 0.001. However, income does not have a significant direct effect on family welfare, with a p-value of 0.151. Meanwhile, employment opportunities have a positive and significant influence on family welfare, with a coefficient of 0.691 and a p-value of 0.030. These results indicate that women's decision to become migrant workers functions as a mediating variable in efforts to improve family welfare.

Adolescent mental health is an important aspect in human resource development because it affects learning ability, social relationships, and readiness to face adult life. Adolescence, especially at the junior high school level, is a transitional period that is prone to mental and emotional disorders due to biological, psychological, and social changes that occur simultaneously. This study aims to describe the mental health condition of adolescents using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) instrument in students of SMPN 3 Ubud, Gianyar Regency. The study used a descriptive design with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out in total sampling with a total of 117 students. The research instrument is in the form of an SRQ-20 questionnaire that has been proven to be valid and reliable. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the distribution of symptoms and mental health categories of respondents. The results showed that most students were in the category of good mental health, although there were still a number of students with poor conditions. The most common symptoms are easy to feel tired and difficulty in making decisions. Based on the characteristics of respondents, students aged 13–15 years are more likely to experience poor mental health conditions than 11-13 years old, and the proportion of female students is higher than men in experiencing symptoms of mental emotional disorders. These findings affirm the importance of early detection of adolescent mental health in schools as the basis for promotive and preventive interventions, through optimizing the role of counseling guidance and creating a supportive school environment.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management at the micro–enterprise AMANAH YOGURT, located in Candimulyo, Kiringan, Boyolali. The business employs 11 workers with specific task divisions: 7 in packaging, 1 in production, 2 in marketing responsible for promotion and advertising, and 1 supervisor who monitors the production process while also assisting in production ac,tivities. The daily production capacity reaches 500 packs during peak demand and 350 packs under normal conditions. This research applies a descriptive qualitative approach through observations and informal interviews with the owner and employees. The findings indicate that AMANAH YOGURT has implemented performance management through the application of production SOP, clear task distribution, informal evaluative communication between the owner and employees, as well as consistent adherence to hygiene standards and product quality. AMANAH YOGURT products have been distributed across Java Island, Bali, and even Mataram through bus logistics, travel services, and direct delivery for nearby areas. Halal certification and BPOM authorization further enhance consumer trust and strengthen the competitiveness of the business.

Operational risk management is an essential aspect in maintaining the stability and sustainability of micro-enterprises operating in the culinary sector, particularly in the fast food industry, which relies heavily on production processes, raw material quality, and human resource skills. This study aims to analyze the types of operational risks that arise in the daily operations of the Kebab Capadocia MSME in Boyolali Regency using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field observations. The COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework was used as the primary theoretical foundation to map risks based on five components: risk identification, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The results indicate that the business faces four main risk categories: production process risks, human resource risks, food hygiene and safety risks, and raw material distribution risks. Implemented controls are still informal and not supported by standard operating procedures (SOPs), resulting in recurring risks that impact product quality. These findings contribute to the MSME risk management literature and offer practical recommendations for strengthening operational structures based on systematic risk management.

Football in Indonesia is not merely a sport but a social phenomenon that triggers massive public emotional engagement. Every result of the Indonesian National Team, particularly in prestigious events such as the FIFA World Cup Qualifiers, often generates waves of opinion in digital spaces filled with criticism, support, and disappointment. The failure of the Indonesian National Team in the 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers has become an important momentum to systematically understand public perception. The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of public sentiment and to reveal the main issues most frequently discussed through keyword visualization, thereby providing an overview of societal reactions. This research utilizes 971 comments from the TikTok platform as the primary dataset, collected through a crawling process and processed using text mining stages before being classified with a sentiment analysis method. The findings indicate a sentiment distribution dominated by Neutral at 63.67%, Negative at 32.36%, and Positive at 3.97%. The word cloud visualization highlights dominant keywords such as “Pecat” (Dismiss), “Evaluasi” (Evaluation), and “PSSI” (Indonesian Football Association), reflecting public criticism of managerial aspects, although positive words such as “Semangat” (Spirit) and “Dukung” (Support) also appear, emphasizing supporter loyalty. These results contribute to an empirical understanding of the issues most highlighted by the public and the distribution of collective emotions, which can serve as a basis for PSSI and stakeholders in formulating communication strategies, policy evaluations, and improvements to the national football management system.

Water is an essential need for all living things on Earth to support various vital biological processes. Without water, life cannot exist because of its role as a solvent, nutrient transport medium, and temperature regulator. Water in nature does come from various sources such as rivers, lakes, rain, and groundwater, which are not all clear because they are contaminated with particles or other substances, in contrast to mountain springs which are often purer. In this study, a water filtration system was created aimed at making turbid water purify to be suitable for use by assessing the NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) of turbid water due to suspended particles such as mud or sediment, thus producing clear water suitable for use for household or irrigation purposes. The use of two Siemens S7-1200 PLCs as controllers in the water filtration system is a reliable redundant approach to automate mechanisms such as pump, valve, and NTU sensor settings. PLC 1 is used for the filtration system and PLC 2 is used for the water distribution system. The water distribution process uses a DC pump that runs when it receives input from the water level sensor in the raw water tank and clean water tank. The water filtration process has three main stages: reading the water turbidity level using a turbidity sensor, regulating the water flow rate using a solenoid valve, and filtering the water using filter media. The system's operation can be monitored and controlled through a SCADA system. Both PLCs are connected using an OPC server for communication between the PLC and SCADA. The OPC server sends data from the PLC to the Wonderware InTouch application as the SCADA system. To monitor and control the SCADA system, users must log in to access the system.

The management of local news programs within Indonesia’s Networked Broadcasting System (Sistem Stasiun Jaringan/SSJ) faces structural challenges amid the transition toward a digital media environment. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities in news program management at CNN Indonesia TV West Java as part of the SSJ in the digital media era. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis to examine local news distribution practices. The findings reveal that local news distribution remains constrained by structural limitations, as reflected in the limited proportion of local news and its placement in low-audience time slots, which restricts audience reach and the flexibility of regional newsrooms to develop local news programs strategically. In response to these limitations, digital platforms such as YouTube and Instagram are utilized as alternative distribution channels. However, this digital adaptation has not been accompanied by adjustments in newsroom work structures, resulting in increased journalists’ workloads due to cross-platform content production demands and repurposing practices. Nevertheless, digital distribution has enhanced the visibility of local news and demonstrates that audience proximity constitutes a strategic opportunity in managing local news in the digital era. This study highlights the importance of integrating digital distribution strategies with managerial adjustments to enable more adaptive and audience-oriented local news management within the SSJ framework.

This aims to examine and analyze the implementation of the cash transfer assistance policy in efforts to alleviate poverty in Moodu Urban Village, Kota Timur Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. This research employed a qualitative method. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of the policy implementation has not yet been optimal due to several influencing factors: (1) policy standards and target groups have not been fully accurate; (2) available resources, both in terms of the number of implementing personnel and supporting infrastructure, remain very limited; (3) inter-organizational communication and activity reinforcement are less effective; (4) the characteristics of implementing agents reveal that some officers do not yet fully understand the procedures and mechanisms for distributing cash transfer assistance; (5) the economic, social, and political environment of the Moodu community, which is predominantly engaged in the informal sector, presents additional challenges in ensuring program effectiveness; and (6) the attitudes of implementers, in the absence of continuous guidance and periodic supervision, increase the potential for administrative errors and inaccurate distribution.

Cilacap Regency in Central Java Province is recognized as an important contributor to national food production due to its extensive agricultural land and reliance on technical irrigation systems. The performance of irrigation networks, particularly secondary channels in the Serayu Irrigation Area (DI), is essential in regulating water levels to support agricultural activities in Sampang and Karangasem Villages. Variations in rainfall and field conditions often create water level differences that disrupt irrigation distribution, reducing water flow efficiency to rice fields and lowering productivity, especially during the dry season. This study aims to design secondary irrigation channels capable of maintaining stable water levels based on irrigation requirements. The research applies a descriptive quantitative method using rainfall data from BMKG, along with land area and elevation data interpreted from Google Earth imagery in 2025. The data were analyzed using probability and Thiessen polygon methods to estimate design rainfall, determine water availability, calculate irrigation demand, and plan channel dimensions. The analysis shows that Secondary Channel BGS 4.B serves an irrigation area of 103.57 hectares with a planned discharge capacity of 0.0343 m³/s. The channel design includes a base width of 0.65 meters and a water depth of 0.65 meters, with water surface elevations of 14.27 meters upstream and 13.15 meters downstream. Evaluation using a 10-year rainfall return period of 151.677 mm shows the channel can convey discharge effectively while maintaining water levels below the embankment, ensuring reliable irrigation distribution.

This study aims to identify and analyze multimodal utterances in WhatsApp stickers that potentially contain legal implications. The approaches used in this study consist of methodological and theoretical approaches. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodological approach, while the theoretical approach applied is forensic linguistics. The data in this study consist of WhatsApp stickers containing elements of insults, hate speech related to SARA (ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup issues), and threats. The data were obtained from WhatsApp conversations whose owners had given consent for their use as research data. The data collection methods and techniques employed include the observation method with the basic technique of tapping and advanced techniques in the form of non-participant observation, screenshotting, and note-taking. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the matching method and distributional method. The results show that all thirty three collected data potentially contain legal implications. Twenty data have the potential to violate Article 27A of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning defamation or attacks on a person’s honor through electronic media. Seven data potentially violate Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning hate speech and SARA-related content. Meanwhile, six of the data potentially violate Article 29 of Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning threats and intimidation through electronic media.