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As a high-value crop, potatoes necessitate balanced nutrient management for optimal growth and yield. This research aimed to assess how varying applications of NPK 20-20-10 fertilizer influenced potato growth, yield, tuber quality, agronomic efficiency, and economic viability within tropical climates. The experimental setup involved a randomized complete block design, incorporating four replications across seven distinct treatments: a control, a standard inorganic fertilization regimen, and NPK 20-20-10 applied at 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 times the suggested dosage. The findings indicated that applying NPK 20-20-10 significantly enhanced several parameters, including plant height, branch count, tuber count, tuber weight, and overall yield components, when contrasted with the control group. Notably, the 1.25 times recommended dose demonstrated superior performance, leading to a 34.9% increase in tuber number and a 68.6% rise in tuber weight compared to the control. Agronomic effectiveness scores surpassed 100 for dosages ranging from 0.75 to 1.50, with the 1.25 dose registering the peak value. Economic evaluations confirmed the profitability of all NPK treatments, and the 1.25 dose yielded the most favorable R/C ratio and a net profit of IDR 29,053,400. Consequently, the recommended application for potato cultivation is 675 kg/ha of NPK 20-20-10, distributed in three equal parts at planting, four weeks post-planting, and six weeks post-planting. Thus, these results underscore that NPK 20-20-10, when applied at 1.25 times the recommended rate, presents an agronomically effective and economically sound strategy for sustainable potato farming in tropical settings.

Background: Oral health is an important indicator of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. According to the WHO, oral health is a state of freedom from various diseases and conditions, including dental and oral diseases that limit an individual's ability to bite, chew, smile, speak, and psychosocial well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain oral hygiene as an effort to improve oral health. Case report: A 45-year-old man came to Soelastri General Hospital complaining of a large cavity in his upper left tooth. The tooth had been painful for about a year and had not undergone any treatment.Extraoral examination revealed a symmetrical face. Clinical examination of the maxillary left first premolar revealed a large cavity on the distoocclusal surface with pulpal depth.  Discussion: Perforations can be treated through cavity access; the prognosis depends on the elimination and prevention of infection in the perforation area and the choice of material. The success of perforation closure management is influenced by several factors, including the timing of perforation closure, the choice of material used, the location of the perforation, and adequate perforation closure. Conclusion: Case of maxillary left premolar with diagnosis of pulp necrosis which experienced lateral perforation and the area was closed using MTA, then root canal treatment.  

The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally transformed civil legal interactions, making electronic documents such as instant messages, online transactions, and digital contracts primary forms of evidence in many civil disputes. However, their admissibility in judicial proceedings remains fraught with challenges concerning formal and material validity. This study aims to identify juridical and technical obstacles in digital evidence and to formulate an ideal model for civil procedural law that ensures reliable electronic proof. A normative-juridical approach with qualitative analysis was employed, combining doctrinal research through legislative review, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature with case studies of court decisions involving electronic evidence, particularly in divorce disputes. The findings reveal that inconsistent judicial treatment stems from the absence of specific procedural rules in Indonesia’s civil procedure framework still rooted in colonial-era HIR and RBg alongside limited digital infrastructure and low technological literacy among judicial actors. In response, the study proposes an integrated legal construction model featuring explicit provisions in the upcoming Civil Procedure Code, adoption of the functional equivalence principle, institutionalization of digital forensic experts in litigation, and procedural safeguards for vulnerable parties. The research concludes that only through holistic reform of the evidentiary paradigm can Indonesia’s civil justice system guarantee fairness, legal certainty, and relevance in the digital era.

The prevalence of cancer in West Sumatra Province is around 2.4 per 1000 population, higher than the national prevalence of around 1.7 per 1000 population and really requires the development of appropriate prevention and control programs for cancer, especially in West Sumatra. One of the solutions provided by the Cancer Foundation in Padang City to help overcome the pain of children suffering from cancer is the COMPACT (Communication on Palliative Care Treatment) application. This activity is carried out between June and June. September 2024 in around 20 children with cancer. The activity began with creating the COMPACT application, providing socialization on the application regarding self-management of cancer patients in the form of communication in the form of audio-visual hypnocommunication therapy, guided imagery and murrotal Al-Quran to evaluating the self-management of cancer patients. The evaluation results show that there is a decrease in pain intensity before and after being given pain management intervention through the COMPACT application, namely that there is a decrease in the average pain before and after with an average difference of 2.50-2.00 and there is an increase in self-management so it can be concluded that the use of the application COMPACT can be an option for self-management for cancer patients both at home and in hospitalization. It is hoped that this application will be useful for increasing public knowledge in self-management due to cancer at home.

Informed consent constitutes a fundamental legal and ethical requirement in healthcare services, ensuring that every medical action is performed with the patient’s full awareness and voluntary approval. In Indonesia, the obligation to obtain informed consent is firmly regulated under the Health Law No. 17 of 2023, the Minister of Health Regulation on Medical Consent, and provisions on medical records. This paper examines the essential role of informed consent as a protective instrument for both patients and healthcare providers within the clinical and legal framework. Informed consent guarantees patients’ rights to information, autonomy, and decision-making, while providing legal safeguards for medical practitioners by documenting the process of explanation, acceptance, or refusal of medical treatment. Proper documentation within medical records ensures accountability, continuity of care, and serves as crucial evidence when medical disputes arise. Medical disputes often stem from dissatisfaction, communication gaps, or misunderstandings about risks inherent in medical procedures. Therefore, informed consent functions not merely as an administrative requirement but as a mechanism for preventing conflict, clarifying responsibilities, and distinguishing unavoidable medical risks from professional negligence. By strengthening the implementation of informed consent, healthcare providers can enhance transparency, improve service quality, and reduce the likelihood of medical litigation.  

Multiple diastema is a space or gap between two or more adjacent teeth. Diastema management can be corrected using removable orthodontic treatment and eliminating etiological factors. Treatment in this case shows the progress of successful treatment of multiple diastema in Soelastri General Hospital using removable orthodontic appliances based on the indications and needs of patient care. Case management: A 24-year-old woman came to Soelastri General Hospital Surakarta with complaints of gaps in the teeth between the 4 lower front incisors. The patient's bad habit history is known to be tongue thrusting. Intraoral examination found interdental gaps in the 4 lower incisors measuring 33.32 (1.6mm), 32.31 (1.2mm), 31.41 (1.1mm), 41.42 (1.3mm). Diastema closure with finger spring activation towards the mesial and labial arches of the upper and lower jaws. Activation was carried out gradually at each control so that the diastema at the fourth control on teeth 33-32 (0.5 mm). Conclusion: This shows that removable orthodontic appliances are effective for closing multiple diastema with mild to moderate degrees, with patient compliance in using the appliance and the effect of using a tongue crib in reducing the patient's tongue thrusting habit.

Cone is a type of biscuit in wafer qualification that is cone-shaped and used as an ice cream holder. Cone is usually made from wheat flour with the addition of other ingredients as supporting ingredients. Research on making ice cream cones is still rarely done, especially making ice cream cones using red sorghum flour and Eucheuma cottonii puree. This study aims to determine the chemical, physical, and organoleptic characteristics of ice cream cones that are high in fiber and protein, and preferred by consumers. The research used a two-factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD), namely the ratio of wheat flour: red sorghum flour ((90:10), (80:20), (70:30)) and the addition of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed puree/100ml water (5%, 10%, 15%). The results showed that the best treatment was found in the treatment of the ratio of wheat flour: red sorghum flour (80: 20) and the percentage of Eucheuma cottonii puree 10% with fiber content of 4.14% and protein content of 9.73% and organoleptic tests with the results of color 3.53 (neutral), taste 4.23 (like), aroma 3.83 (neutral-like), texture 3.63 (neutral-like), overall liking 4.20 (like). Red sorghum flour ice cream cone and seaweed puree (Eucheuma cottonii) can provide an alternative in increasing food products that are high in protein and fiber.

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral vascular disease. Often referred to as "The Silent Killer," its onset is frequently asymptomatic, making early detection challenging. Effective interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are necessary to manage hypertension and reduce complications. Long-term treatment requires adherence to prescribed medications, with self-care management playing a vital role in minimizing hypertension's adverse effects. Self-efficacy, or an individual's belief in their abilities, is crucial for improving medication adherence and self-care activities. This study aimed to examine the correlation between self-efficacy and self-care management in relation to medication adherence among hypertension patients at RSUD Mandau District. A non-experimental, quantitative, analytic correlation study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 hypertension patients. Self-efficacy was measured using the MASES-R (Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale-Revision), medication adherence was assessed with the MMAS-8 (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale), and self-care management was evaluated using the HBP-SCP (Hypertension Self-Care Profile). The findings revealed a significant correlation between self-efficacy and medication adherence (p=0.000, r=0.594). Additionally, self-care management was significantly correlated with medication adherence (p=0.027, r=0.360). In conclusion, self-efficacy and self-care management both significantly correlate with medication adherence in hypertension patients at RSUD Mandau District.

Cough self-medication was a common practice among the community because it was perceived as quick and practical; however, it posed a risk of irrational drug use when not supported by adequate knowledge. The phenomenon of many customers at Gracia Pharmacy Mengwi Badung purchasing cough medicines without consulting a pharmacist prompted the need for research on the relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and cough self-medication behavior at Gracia Pharmacy Mengwi Badung. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The research population consisted of all customers who purchased cough medicine without a doctor’s prescription, with a total sample of 30 respondents meeting the inclusion criteria through purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data were collected through direct interviews and observations. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge (60%) and demonstrated good self-medication behavior (56.7%). Statistical analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between knowledge level and self-medication behavior for cough (r = 0.612; p = 0.004).

This study aims to investigate the effects of tamarind leaf extract (Tamarindus indica L.) on neuropharmacological activity in mice using calculated percentages of responses based on the parameters PSM, SSSP, DSSP, SL, RO, SM, PSL, and ANA. This research was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment concentrations: 1%, 2%, and 4%. Observations were performed to assess the percentage of activity produced by each sample concentration, followed by descriptive–quantitative analysis to determine the dose–response pattern. The results showed that tamarind leaf extract produced varying responses across concentrations. The SSSP, ANA, and RO effects demonstrated increased activity at the 2% concentration, whereas other parameters (PSM, PSL, SM, SL, and DSSP) showed decreased activity. Interestingly, the SSSP parameter exhibited a positive dose–response pattern with the highest activity of 55.84% at 2%. Overall, the effectiveness of tamarind leaf extract depends on the concentration level. The 2% concentration appears to be the optimal dose for several neuropharmacological effects, while the 4% concentration was most effective only for SSSP. These findings highlight the importance of multi-concentration testing to determine effective dosing of natural products for biological applications and the need for further investigation.

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the most widely used diagnostic and hemodynamic intervention procedure in the world for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac catheterization can cause anxiety in patients who will undergo it. Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization. Method: This study is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan. The study population was 40 people, and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 95% (= 0.05). Results: This study shows that there is a significant influence between knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level on the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization at Murni Teguh Hospital Medan. This is proven by the chi square test with p values for each knowledge (p = 0.000); family support (p = 0.002); past experience (p = 0.003); and education (p=0.003) which are all less than 0.005. Conclusion: Cardiac catheterization patient anxiety is influenced by knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level. Suggestion: It is recommended that further researchers increase the number of samples and independent variables, considering that many factors influence patient anxiety before cardiac catheterization/angiography

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are serious occurrences and problems that are often found in all hospital facilities. HAIs cause extended hospitalization, permanent disability, increased treatment costs, and death. Hand Hygiene has an important role in the prevention and control of HAIs. This study aims to see the compliance of nurses' hand hygiene and nurses' knowledge of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in the intensive care unit of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. The type of research design used was descriptive with a sampling technique using a total of 31 respondents. Based on the results of the study, it was found that most nurses were obedient in carrying out hand hygiene (83.9%) and knowledge that is about the prevention of HAIs was found to be a large number of nurses who had high knowledge (67.7%). It is hoped that nurses maintain compliance in performing hand hygiene so that HAIs do not occur.

Hypertension is a chronic disease that shows blood pressure above normal limits and is a global health problem and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Treatment adherence is defined as the patient's level of willingness and the extent to which they strive and behave to follow medical directives, regulations, or recommendations provided by healthcare professionals in an effort to assist the patient's recovery. Adherence to taking medication allows patients to keep their blood pressure stable in order to avoid complications. This study aims to see the compliance of hypertension drug patients at the Heart Poly of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. The research method used is a descriptive approach. The population in this study is 178 people, the number of samples is 82 people. Sampling technique with accidental sampling technique. The results of the study showed that from 82 respondents, the data obtained that the most age respondents were 38-53 years old with a total of 36 respondents (47.6%), the data on the most gender respondents were women as many as 48 respondents (48.5%), the data on the most education respondents was education as many as 32 respondents (39%), the data on the most respondents suffering from hypertension was 2 years of hypertension as many as 24 respondents (29.3%). The picture of the level of drug compliance of hypertension patients at the Heart Polyclinic of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024 is at a moderate level of 31 respondents (37.8%).

This study aims to describe the dynamics of family business management at Teras Herritage Café in Malang City by highlighting role division, communication patterns, business operations, challenges, and the relationship between family and non-family employees. Using a qualitative approach with a case study strategy, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the owner, family members, and non-family employees, as well as direct observation at the business location. The results show that café management is strongly influenced by family values, particularly the principle of mutual cooperation and role flexibility that allows all family members to be actively involved in operations. Although differences of opinion often arise, they are resolved through open communication, preventing significant conflict. The main challenges of the business include limited digital marketing, location competition, and suboptimal technical facilities. The relationship between family and non-family employees is harmonious, characterized by fair treatment and an inclusive work environment. The study's conclusions confirm that family social capital is a key strength in maintaining business stability, but strengthening the management structure, marketing strategy, and long-term planning is needed for the business to grow sustainably.

Hypertension substantially increases the risk of developing secondary conditions, including stroke, renal disease, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Early management is therefore essential to prevent complications and adverse outcomes. Evidence indicates that untreated hypertension contributes to approximately 60% of stroke cases. Public knowledge regarding hypertension-related complications remains limited, and many individuals are unable to identify early signs of stroke the most common complication associated with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of hypertensive patients regarding stroke risk and management at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. A descriptive research design was employed. The sample consisted of 67 hypertensive patients attending the outpatient clinic, selected through purposive sampling. Data were presented using frequency distribution tables. The findings revealed that 52.2% of respondents demonstrated poor knowledge, 32.8% had moderate knowledge, and only 14.9% showed good knowledge regarding stroke risk and management. These results underscore the need for patients to adopt healthier lifestyles and for the hospital to strengthen educational efforts by providing more engaging and interactive learning materials for patients and their families.

This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programs in promoting mental health recovery in communities affected by long-term conflict in the Middle East. Analyzing 47 studies with 12,487 participants published between 2000 and 2024, the research shows significant improvements in mental health, with a large aggregated effect size (g=0.83, 95% CI [0.76, 0.90]). Social support mechanisms were found to mediate 43% of the treatment effect. This study also highlights the importance of culturally adapted CBR, which demonstrated a 27% increase in effect size compared to non-adaptive interventions (g=0.92 vs. g=0.72, p<0.001). Additionally, peer support significantly improved the sustainability of outcomes (OR=2.14, 95% CI [1.87, 2.41]). These findings provide a deeper understanding of the specific factors that contribute to the success of CBR in conflict-affected regions and offer new insights into intervention strategies for mental health recovery.

Oxygen is vital therapy where delivery accuracy is crucial, especially for infant patients, to ensure treatment effectiveness and prevent the risks of hypoxia or toxicity. With the implementation of the mandatory Domestic Product Utilization Policy (TKDN+BMP ≥ 40%), evaluating the quality of local products has become an urgent necessity. This study aims to test and analyze the quality and accuracy of domestically produced infant oxygen flowmeters compared to an imported product. The method used was experimental testing, measuring three brands of domestic products and one brand of foreign product at flow rate settings of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 liters per minute (LPM). Each setting point was measured 10 times using a standardized calibrator to ensure data reliability. The measurement results were analyzed to identify the deviation level of each product. The findings of this study are expected to provide an objective conclusion on the quality equivalence of domestic products with imported ones and to identify which product has the lowest deviation rate. This can serve as scientific consideration for hospitals in selecting high-quality infant oxygen flowmeters, thereby supporting the domestic product policy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health challenges that continues to rise, including in Indonesia. However, the lack of education and counseling from pharmacists regarding the use of natural ingredients medicines has the potential to affect the effectiveness of treatment and the management of DM. This study aims to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of DM patients, related to the use of natural ingredient drugs in DM management. This study uses a cross-sectional method design, starting with the collection of quantitative data. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique over a period of four months. The research involved 101 DM patients from 15 pharmacies in Kendal Regency. The level of knowledge (44.6%), attitude (66.3%), and behaviour (39.6%) of patients in the moderate category. However, the limited knowledge of pharmacists remains a barrier to optimizing pharmaceutical services related to educating patients about natural ingredient medications.

The purpose of this service is to increase the understanding of students at the Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Purwokerto regarding civic politics, which is currently experiencing a rather acute erosion, even tho civic politics is an important aspect of nationhood; it guaranties the right to life, the right to equal treatment and recognition before the law, the right to think, the right to express opinions, and the right to assemble. In this case, the method used is socialization based on a participatory approach thru lectures, discussions, and statements of attitude. The results of this service activity show that after the presentation of material on the history of santri and the rights of citizens, enthusiasm arose among the santri of Pondok Santri Darul Falah Purwokerto regarding the inherent rights and obligations of all citizens. Students can actualize civic politics by integrating religious sciences, such as by contextualizing environmental jurisprudence in response to the massive environmental damage occurring thanks to state policies. This service activity encourages the role of santri in the state, which was initially only stigmatized as being limited to the realm of seeking religious knowledge and preaching.

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in industrial wastewater and solid residues such as slag, electroplating waste, and metal ash. At excessive concentrations, Zn can cause environmental disturbances, including toxicity to aquatic organisms, disruption of microbial activity, and groundwater contamination. Long-term exposure may also lead to bioaccumulation and potential health risks to humans. This article presents a comprehensive literature review that discusses the chemical properties of Zn, its environmental behavior, and the development of recent treatment technologies within the last five years. Several techniques, including adsorption using modified or composite materials, biosorption utilizing microalgae and agricultural biomass, as well as solidification–stabilization with amendment agents such as biochar or iron-sulfide compounds, are evaluated and compared. The literature indicates that no single treatment method is universally effective for all waste types; therefore, hybrid or integrated treatment systems are considered more efficient and sustainable. Based on the reviewed evidence, this study proposes an engineering concept that emphasizes environmental safety, cost-effectiveness, and industrial applicability.