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International conflicts significantly impact maritime tourism development in Southeast Asia, a region rich in natural marine beauty and essential to the regional economy. Destructive international disputes, including geopolitical tensions and naval security threats, can significantly disrupt the regional stability on which tourism is built. Although maritime tourism in Southeast Asia continues to show post-pandemic growth, conflict risk remains a significant challenge that could affect traveler confidence and hinder the sector's contribution to regional GDP. The impact of international conflicts on the development of maritime tourism in Southeast Asia is analyzed in this research using a qualitative approach and literature study method. Journals, articles, and reports were reviewed to understand how geopolitical tensions and maritime security threats affect the tourism sector. The study utilizes conflict theory to explain the dynamics of conflict escalation and the application of resolution efforts in this context. Therefore, the potential disruption of maritime tourism development by ongoing conflicts in the Southeast Asian region is highlighted. The sustainability of the industry relies on security stability, and regional cooperation is crucial in mitigating the negative impact of conflict on the economic sector.

Conflict is an inseparable part of human interaction and occurs at various levels of life, from individuals, groups, to society. This article discusses the sources, signs and factors that trigger conflict which are often interrelated in creating disputes. Conflicts can arise due to differences in interests, values, unequal distribution of resources, or imbalances of power. Signs of conflict generally appear through tension between individuals or groups, communication breakdowns, and the emergence of aggressive or resistive attitudes. Factors causing conflict are further understood as the result of structural and psychological elements such as misunderstanding, stereotypes, injustice and dissatisfaction. Understanding the sources, signs and causes of conflict provides valuable insight into efforts to manage and resolve conflict effectively, whether through dialogue, mediation or sustainable conflict transformation approaches.    

This article investigates the complexities of protecting freedom of expression in the digital age, where social media and online platforms play a critical role. The study examines the tension between free speech, misinformation, hate speech, and content moderation policies implemented by governments and tech companies. Findings suggest that a balance must be struck between upholding freedom of expression and preventing harm, calling for a regulatory approach that respects both rights and responsibilities.

The community service program titled "Improving Welfare through Sport Massage Training in Samarinda City" aimed to equip participants with sport massage skills beneficial for health and economic potential. The program was conducted through a comprehensive approach, including material delivery, treatment demonstrations, hands-on practice, skill evaluation, and real-condition simulations. The initial stage focused on delivering basic concepts of sport massage, simple anatomy and physiology, and fundamental techniques through interactive presentations. Experienced instructors then demonstrated proper massage techniques on main body parts and specific areas prone to tension or injury, emphasizing safety and comfort. Participants were divided into small groups for hands-on practice, receiving guidance and feedback from instructors. Skill evaluation ensured participants understood correct and safe techniques. Real-condition simulations allowed participants to role-play as massage service providers, enhancing their confidence in handling clients professionally. The program resulted in high participant satisfaction levels, with the highest satisfaction in the practice and simulation sessions. Participants showed significant improvement in understanding and applying sport massage techniques, and increased readiness to practice their skills professionally. This community service program successfully empowered participants with valuable skills that contribute to both health and economic well-being in Samarinda City.

This article examines the role of Christian religious education in Indonesia as a tool for creating unity amidst the diversity of society. With a long history of forming character and positive values, this education needs to adapt to the context of advanced society. Through emphasizing the values ​​of tolerance, interfaith dialogue, and character development, Christian Religious Education aims to reduce tensions between various religious groups. This article also highlights the contribution of education in social activities and community service that supports social and economic development. In facing the challenges of globalization, education must continue to innovate by utilizing technology to instill inclusive values. In conclusion, Christian religious education not only functions to educate individuals, but also as an agent of social change, creating a society that is more united and harmonious in diversity.

The social construction of lesbians in Makassar City is greatly influenced by the social dynamics around them. The processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization experienced by lesbian individuals create space for the lesbian community to form more flexible and diverse identities and roles. Nevertheless, the challenges that lesbians face are related to social norms that often limit the expression of their identities, both in heterosexual contexts and within their own communities. Lesbians who choose to display a more feminine or masculine role, or conversely display a more neutral identity, demonstrate an effort to communicate and adapt to it.This research also reveals that there is a tension between the quest for acceptance by wider society and the search for space for freedom of self-expression. For some lesbians, the choice to appear in accordance with social expectations such as feminine or masculine appearance is a way to conform to existing norms, even though sometimes this does not reflect their true identity. On the other hand, lesbians who prefer not to be bound by labels and rigid gender roles show that they are trying to fight for freedom in defining their own relationships and identity. This research contributes to the understanding of how the social construction of lesbians is shaped and influenced by various social factors, culture, and personal experiences, as well as how lesbian individuals navigate their social world by forming a more flexible and evolving identity.    

This study explores the integration of Prophet Muhammad's leadership values within Islamic educational institutions, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in the digital age. The primary objective is to analyze how Islamic leadership principles can align with digital advancements while upholding core Islamic values. Using a qualitative approach through document and thematic analysis, this research identifies key challenges, including digital disparities, limited access to technology, and tensions between technological culture and traditional Islamic values. Key strategies are proposed, such as technology-based Islamic leadership training and collaborative efforts to develop digital infrastructure, along with the use of social media as a platform for disseminating Islamic educational values. The findings provide insights into how Islamic educational leadership can adapt in the digital era and suggest future research directions on the role of specific technologies in the application of Islamic leadership.

This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.

In the era of globalization, intercultural communication (ICC) is key in building and strengthening international relations. This study aims to explore the role of ICC in the context of diplomacy, focusing on cultural differences that affect communication between diplomats during international negotiations. Through a qualitative approach and case study method, data were collected from in-depth interviews with diplomats and analysis of official documents. The results of the study indicate that cultural differences can cause miscommunication and tension that impact the outcome of the agreement. Therefore, effective communication strategies, such as adjusting communication styles, empathy, and using mediators, are needed to overcome these challenges. With a deep understanding of the cultural background of partners, diplomats can create a constructive communication environment, increase trust, and reach mutually beneficial agreements. This study is expected to provide valuable insights for practitioners, academics, and policymakers in improving the effectiveness of ICC at the international level.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of conflict management through a review of the literature related to definitions, objectives, sources, and models of conflict management. Conflict in organizations is unavoidable and can have positive or negative impacts depending on how the conflict is managed. This research uses the literature study method to analyze various conflict management concepts that have been put forward by experts. The results of the study show that conflict management aims to minimize the negative impact of conflict and maximize positive outcomes through fair and constructive resolution. Sources of conflict in organizations can come from differences in interests, and differences in values and perceptions between individuals or groups. Various conflict management models such as collaboration, transformational, and mediation are identified as approaches that can be applied in different situations to achieve effective resolution. With a deeper understanding of conflict management, organizations can be better equipped to manage internal tensions and improve productivity and working relationships among members.

Schools in Maluku often face social conflicts rooted in religious, ethnic, and historical local tensions, which have the potential to disrupt the learning process and create an unconducive environment. The main issue at hand is how to foster a harmonious and peaceful atmosphere among students in such a situation. This study aims to analyze the role of local cultural values as a foundation for conflict resolution in schools, supporting education and peacebuilding. The study uses a qualitative method with observations and in-depth interviews in several schools in Maluku. The findings show that cultural values such as Pela, Gandong, and Masohi play a crucial role in fostering tolerance and peace among students. Pela and Gandong serve as symbols of inter-religious and inter-regional brotherhood, which are internalized through collaborative activities among students, while Masohi, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, is applied in project-based learning and community activities, promoting collaboration and empathy. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local cultural values as a hidden curriculum in shaping tolerant student characters and creating a school environment that sustainably supports peacebuilding.

As cities in Indonesia continue to develop, there will inevitably be ignorance of the elderly's knowledge of their own health. For example, elderly people with working backgrounds are generally at risk of lower back pain, pinched nerves, complaining of various muscle tension problems and so on which can disrupt their daily activities. This problem is caused by incorrect positioning while working, such as frequently pushing, lifting, bending, sitting or standing for long periods of time and unergonomic body posture while working. Physiotherapy outreach activities related to increasing knowledge of daily activity disorders, efforts to educate the elderly regarding activity disorders, especially about definitions, signs of symptoms, causes, prevention, and daily activity activity therapy independently after work to reduce the symptoms suffered. This outreach activity uses leaflets as media, containing educational material for the elderly, then education and training depending on the location of the disorders the elderly complain of. The counseling activities at the Mobile Health Center Posyandu which are held every day by the Kendalsari Community Health Center, Malang City, went smoothly, the response was good, full of enthusiasm. The results obtained show the results of the pretest so that there is increased knowledge among workers which shows that workers have knowledge and insight regarding prevention and independent treatment after work. The results obtained showed that most of them were mild complaints, so that the majority of complaints involving disruption of daily activities were experienced by women, 68% of which were indicated by questionnaires for 25 elderly people at the Kendalsari Community Health Center and Posyandu for the Elderly in Malang City.

Changes in the musculoskeletal system during the third trismester of pregnancy cause changes in body weight, abdominal muscle elasticity, and center of gravity which affect the balance of pregnant women. Back pain in pregnancy can be detrimental to the quality of life of pregnant women and is caused by changes in posture, hyperlordosis, paraspinal muscle tension, and decreased blood flow to the spine. Physiotherapy is a non-pharmacological solution by applying massage and stretching techniques. Massage helps relax muscles, reduce pain, increase blood flow, and improve muscle flexibility. Stretching plays a role in reducing pain, increasing flexibility, muscle strength, and preventing deformity. This activity is carried out by conveying physiotherapy information through leaflets as a promotional medium, pre-test, post-test, and questions to pregnant women to measure knowledge. The results of the activity showed active participation from 12 pregnant women class participants with positive responses to the material presented. Interesting material accompanied by demonstrations of massage and stretching techniques helps increase knowledge of pregnant women. Evaluation before and after the activity showed an increase in knowledge from 5% to 100%, indicating the success of the extension activity.

Sectio caesarea is a solution for handling births with complications, Sectio Caesaria in Indonesia every year deliveries with sectio caesaria are increasing. Surgical procedures such as Sectio Caesaria are actions that cause tension (stress) because this action involves removing the fetus through the abdomen (Laparotomy) which requires an incision into the uterus (Hysterotomy). The aim of this research is to find out the relationship between pain intensity and breast milk production in post-cesarean section mothers at RSUD. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between pain intensity and breast milk production in post-cesarean mothers at the Bandarkar Subdistrict, Simalungun District Trade Hospital in 2022. It can be used as a source of information for mothers who are about to give birth and postpartum mothers to know about description of the intensity of pain in mothers post Sectio Caesaria at the Trade Hospital which causes disruption in breast milk production.

Impoliteness is defined as communicative behavior that is intended to cause offense, social disruption, or emotional harm. The description that occurs not only in social life but can found in the film, which used by the characters. Culpeper divided three functions of impoliteness there are affective, coercive, and entertaining. This research aims to analyze the functions of impoliteness which found in the movie Pearl Harbor.The method used to analyze and collecting data which found and contained in the Pearl Harbor movie through descriptive qualitative methods, using Spradley 1980 theory. This research used data collection from the dialogues between characters in the movie. The result of this analysis shows that the researcher found three functions of impoliteness proposed by Culpeper. Three functions of impoliteness were found in this movie with two functions having the same data, namely affective and coercive. Because of the war setting so that these two functions are the most suitable to use and researcher also found one function of entertaining. The conclusion of this research that based on the background of war, then in this movie it is very suitable to be researched using impoliteness. In war usually raises conflict and tension where it can lead to impoliteness. The more tension there is in the movie, the more impoliteness is used.    

Background: Final year students must complete a final assignment or thesis, on a topic in a particular field. Students experience a lot of stress and anxiety during the process of compiling their final assignment. The prevalence of anxiety disorders in adolescents in Central Java was recorded at 7.71%, up 4.7% from 2013 to 2018. To overcome anxiety can be done with pharmacology or non-pharmacology. Five-finger hypnosis is one type of relaxation therapy that can reduce anxiety and tension. Objective: To determine the effect of 5-finger hypnosis on reducing anxiety at Universitas 'Aisyiyah Surakarta. Method: Using a pre-test-post-test design. Samples of two students who are working on their final assignment and experiencing moderate to severe anxiety levels. The HARS questionnaire was used to measure anxiety levels. Results: The level of anxiety before and after being given Five Finger Hypnosis was that Ms. R's anxiety changed from moderate to mild and Ms. M's anxiety changed from severe to moderate. Conclusion: There is an influence on the anxiety experienced by students who are completing their final assignments before and after being given Five (5) Finger Hypnosis at 'Aisyiyah University, Surakarta.

Maintaining the original cultural identity within a multicultural society amidst rapid globalization while remaining open to external changes and influences is a significant challenge. This tension is exacerbated by the impact of information technology, which can disseminate foreign values and ideologies, particularly affecting the youth. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, involving research that generates descriptive data based on the community's statements that the author investigates. The research aims to describe the phenomena occurring and underscores the need for education to uphold values aligned with national identity and manage cultural diversity wisely to prevent social conflicts. Education plays a crucial role in the process of socialization and individual development, serving not only as a means of transferring knowledge but also in shaping attitudes, values, and positive behaviors within the community. Through education, individuals can become people who appreciate diversity and contribute positively to diverse communities. Multicultural education, which emphasizes the importance of respecting diversity, is key to addressing social and cultural conflicts in Indonesia's diverse society. Additionally, quality education helps individuals adapt to the challenges of globalization while preserving local cultural identity, thus supporting the balance between global openness and the preservation of local values.

This research aims to explore the relationship between language policy and national identity formation through a macro-linguistic lens. By employing qualitative case study methodology, the study analyzes the language policies of Canada, Belgium, and India, examining their impacts on social cohesion, cultural identity, and political stability. The research investigates specific language policies, such as bilingualism in Canada, collaborative language programs in Belgium, and multilingual education in India, assessing their effects on various communities within these nations. The findings indicate that inclusive language policies significantly enhance social cohesion and foster national pride, while exclusive policies can lead to division and marginalization. In Canada, continued support for bilingual education strengthens ties between linguistic groups. In Belgium, fostering mutual respect among linguistic communities mitigates political tensions. In India, promoting multilingual education protecs regional languages and cultivates a sense of unity. By focusing on the interplay between language and identity, this study highlights the critical importance of inclusive language policies in fostering social harmony and national unity. Ultimately, the findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for frameworks that recognize linguistic diversity while promoting dialogue and integration among different language communities. This research contributes to the understanding of effective strategies for strengthening national identity in an increasingly globalized world, reinforcing the idea that language can serve as a bridge rather than a barrier.

Hypertension is a widespread health problem and is often called a "silent killer" because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people don't realize they have it. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of alkahil  point cupping therapy and acupuncture therapy on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Karangbong Village, Pajarakan District, Probolinggo Regency. The method in this study is Pre-Experiment, with  a Two-group pre-post test design, the sample in this study is patients with hypertension totaling 36 patients who were taken using the  purposive sampling instrument technique which was used were cupping devices, acupuncture tools, tension meters and observation sheets. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the Paired t-test,  the Wilxocon test, the Independent t-test, and  the Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed that before the alkahil point cupping therapy  was carried out, an average value of 149/102 mmHg was obtained, and the average value before acupuncture therapy was 149/99 mmHg. After alkahil point cupping therapy  , an average value of 139/92 mmHg was obtained and after acupuncture therapy was 134/90 mmHg. It is known that the average value  of the pre-post sistole difference of alkahil  point cupping therapy is 10.33, and the average value of the pre-post difference of  acupuncture therapy is 15.00 with a pV of 0.000 which means < 0.05. Meanwhile, the average value  of the pre-post diastole difference in alkahil  point cupping therapy was 19.61 and acupuncture therapy was 17.39 with a pV > 0.05. It can be concluded that the average value  of the difference in pre-post sistole of acupuncture therapy is more effective than alkalil  point cupping therapy in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients Alkahil point cupping therapy and acupuncture therapy can be traditional alternative treatments that can be done routinely for the hypertension healing process by doing acupuncture therapy.  

Digital communication has become part of the everyday fabric of congregational life. While it enables connection and pastoral accessibility, it also introduces relational tensions through divided attention, interpretive ambiguity, social comparison, online jealousy, concealed messaging, and the weakening of face-to-face reconciliation. This conceptual research article examines pastoral accompaniment for Christian congregants who experience relational crises caused or intensified by digital communication. The study aims to construct a pastoral framework that is theologically grounded, psychologically informed, ethically responsible, and usable in church ministry. Using an integrative literature review, the article synthesizes scholarship on digital religion, computer-mediated communication, relational conflict, phubbing, technoference, online counseling ethics, and practical theology. The synthesis indicates that digital relational crisis should not be reduced to excessive screen use. It is more accurately understood as a crisis of presence, attention, trust, boundaries, and interpretive charity. The article proposes pastoral accompaniment as a hybrid care that combines attentive presence, relational discernment, digital boundary formation, covenantal communication practices, and ethically bounded use of online media. It concludes that churches need to move beyond reactive counseling toward preventive digital discipleship that forms congregants in truthful speech, faithful presence, confidentiality, and relational accountability.