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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are the result of human thought that have economic and social value and play a significant role in encouraging creativity, technological innovation, and sustainable national development. IPR protection not only aims to provide legal certainty for creators and rights holders, but also serves as a strategic instrument in strengthening the creative economy. However, low public awareness of the importance of IPR protection and the gap between legal norms and practices in the field result in frequent violations of intellectual works. This study uses a normative-juridical approach combined with a participatory-educational approach, in accordance with the characteristics of community service activities in the legal field. This approach aims to integrate normative legal analysis with legal education activities for the community, thereby producing both conceptual understanding and practical benefits. The results of the activities show a significant increase in public understanding of the relationship between constitutional principles and IPR protection in Indonesia. Through educational activities and legal dialogues, it was revealed that the integration between constitutional principles and the IPR legal system has not been optimal, not only due to limited regulations, but also weak public legal awareness and the application of substantive justice as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating constitutional values ​​in the IPR protection system.

The implementation of the zoning-based admission policy (PPDB) in Semarang City continues to face challenges related to the accuracy of distance measurement and the transparency of information provided to the public. This study aims to examine the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in defining zoning boundaries for public junior high schools in Semarang City and integrating the results into a web-based information platform. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, incorporating spatial analysis through a 3-kilometer buffer radius using QGIS software. The results indicate that buffer analysis is effective in delineating priority domicile zones based on school coordinate data. These findings are integrated into a GIS-based website that presents visual information on school locations, enrollment capacity, and final score calculation mechanisms in accordance with current regulations. The proposed system contributes to improving information transparency, enabling the public to better understand admission opportunities while supporting government decision-making in promoting equitable access to education. For future development, the use of road network analysis is recommended to obtain more realistic distance estimations.

This study aims to map the direction of criminal punishment policy formulated in criminal law provisions, test claims of humanizing punishment through sanction design and the principle of individualization, and describe forms of repression that operate through normative flexibility, law enforcement discretion, and morally nuanced criminalization. The research method used is normative legal research, utilizing both a legislative and conceptual approach to analyze the norms, principles, and objectives of punishment. The results show that Article 51 articulates the objectives of punishment, including the rehabilitation of offenders, community protection, and the restoration of social balance. However, this provision functions primarily as normative legitimacy for a flexible sanction architecture. The existence of alternative punishments and oversight mechanisms refines the form of punishment while expanding state intervention into the social life of offenders. Furthermore, the regulation of conditional sentences and adjustments to the implementation of sanctions increase the discretion of law enforcement officials. Repression does not disappear, but rather shifts through regulations on morality, public order, recognition of living law, and the threat of symbolic punishment, shifting the relationship between the state and individuals toward ongoing administrative control.

The phenomenon of unregistered marriages in Indonesia is a complex issue that continues to spark debate between religious legitimacy and legal validity under national law. From an Islamic legal perspective, marriage is considered valid if it meets the essential pillars and requirements, such as the presence of a guardian, two witnesses, a dowry, and the consent (ijab qabul) both the bride and groom. However, according Indonesian national law, specifically Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), every marriage must be officially registered to receive legal recognition and protection. This discrepancy between the two legal systems raises serious problems, particularly regarding the legal status of wives and children, inheritance rights, and legal protection for women in both the private and public spheres. This study aims analyze the issue of unregistered marriages in Indonesia from the perspectives of Islamic law and national law, and to identify the social and legal impacts unregistered marriages. The approach used is normative-juridical, by analyzing legislation, classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature, and empirical case studies in the community. Research findings indicate that although unregistered marriages are considered valid religiously, they lack legal force the eyes of the state, leading to unequal rights for women and children. This situation results in difficulties obtaining birth certificates, inheritance rights, and legal protection cases divorce or domestic violence. This research emphasizes the need for synchronization between Islamic and national legal systems through strengthening regulations and public education regarding the importance of marriage registration.

The ever-changing and rapidly developing fashion trends have created a consumer culture among global society, driven by social media and digital marketing. Excessive consumption of clothing not only fulfills personal needs but also becomes an indicator of social status. As a result, the textile industry has experienced rapid growth, contributing significantly to the economy, especially in countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. However, textile production uses energy sources that are not environmentally friendly, producing greenhouse gas emissions that have negative impacts on the environment, such as global warming and climate change. Indonesia and Vietnam, as one of the developing countries that rely on industry as a profitable sector, act as the largest contributors of emissions in Southeast Asia. Indonesia and Vietnam face major challenges in reducing environmental impacts while maintaining economic growth. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are an important priority for long-term sustainability. The implementation of clear, firm and targeted regulations plays an important role in enforcing rules that can protect the environment from perpetrators of destruction by the industrial sector.

This student aims to determine how BPNT contributes community in Sipatana District, Gorontalo City. Method used is qualitative findings show that the implementation of BPNT in Sipatana District, particularly in Molosipat U and Tanggikiki sub-districts, has been carried out in accordance with the statutory regulations of 2019 regarding the indicators of power distribution and actor strategies, without any personal intervention in determining beneficiary eligibility. Regarding the characteristics of the implementing institutions, coordination among agencies from the district level to RT/RW has run well and has been conducted transparently and participatively to ensure that the assistance is well-targeted. However, on the indicators of implementer compliance and responsiveness, several obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement, a lack of direct socialization to the community, and slow responses from the sub-district office in handling complaints from beneficiary families (KPM). These conditions lead to a lack of optimal understanding among beneficiaries regarding the mechanism of aid distribution. Additionally, the impact of BPNT on improving beneficiary welfare remains consumptive in nature and has not fully encouraged economic independence among poor households. Therefore, improvements in service effectiveness, two-way communication, and periodic evaluation are required to enhance BPNT’s contribution in reducing poverty rates and achieving sustainable community welfare.

This Study analyzes the fulfillment of dowry requirements as mutamawwal property according to KHI Articles 30-38 and assesses the suitability of crypto assets as dowry under the positive law regime of the Marriage Law, including its implications for the protection of wives’ rights and legal certainty in the digital era. The research employs a qualititative method with a normative juridical approach through literature study of primary sources (the Qur’an, hadith, KHI, Law No. 1 of 1974, Bappebti and OJK regulations, an MUI fatwas) and secondary sources comparising journals, theses, and dissertations on crypto dowry and maqasid syariah, analyzed descriptively-analitycally and comparatively bertween Islamic law and positive law. The findings that demonstrate that normatively, crypto assets can be classified as valuable property within the KHI framework provided they meet the following criteria: possessing economic value, having clear specifications regarding type and amount, being transferable through legal mechanisms (such as gifts or wallet transfers), and being mutually agreed upon by boh parties. Consequently, they are valid as dowry with the value determined at the time of the marriage contract to minimize the impact or price volatility. However, it still poses potential value disputes, necessitating the strengthening of administrative guidelines at the KUA (office of Religious Affairs) and the enhancement of digital forensic capacty in Religious Courts. The study recommends further harmonization among the KHI, crypto asset regulations, and religious fatwas through the development of technical guidelines for crypto dowries oriented toward mashlahah and the protection of wives’ rights in the 4.0 era.

This kind of research can reveal a purpose, namely to be able to carry out an analysis of the important role of the government together with the community in realizing policies to combat corruption of village funds. It is necessary to understand that village funds have been made one of the government's priority programs in order to increase the level of prosperity of rural communities and village development through the Village Law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify policy solutions provided by the government and the community to prevent corruption of village funds. This study utilizes a literature study method through a qualitative approach that can be used to assess the role of the government and the community in implementing policies to combat corruption of village funds as an effort to uphold the integrity of the village administration system. Meanwhile, the research data sources obtained came from secondary data, which included the collection of scientific journals in the last five years, reading books in the last ten years, reports in the mass media, and government regulations. The findings of this study describe that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has identified several loopholes that are often exploited by village officials in misappropriating Village Funds. Then there were 98 cases of corruption that caused the state to lose up to Rp. 37.2 billion. This creates an urgency for the government and the community to play a role in creating village regulations that are capable of overcoming corruption of village funds.

Family disputes over inheritance are a common social and legal issue in Indonesian society, often leading to long-term conflicts and even legal battles. This situation is influenced by the complex legal system of inheritance in Indonesia, which is pluralistic and includes Western civil law, Islamic law, and customary law. It is further complicated by social, cultural, economic, and psychological factors among the heirs. This study aims to analyze the causes of family disputes in inheritance distribution and examine the role of law in providing certainty, fairness, and benefits for all parties involved. The research method used is normative legal research with a jurisprudential approach, through the study of relevant legal regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings show that inheritance disputes are generally caused by unfair distribution of assets, differing interpretations of law, conflicts between customary law, religious law, and national law, as well as poor communication and lack of transparency within the family. Therefore, resolving inheritance disputes requires not only the enforcement of law in a normative manner, but also non-litigious approaches such as mediation, family consultation, and increased legal awareness to maintain family harmony and legal certainty.  

This article examines in depth the concept of protecting human dignity through the regulation of gaze and physical contact among mahram according to the Shafi‘i School of Islamic law. From an Islamic perspective, the preservation of dignity (ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ) occupies a highly fundamental position as part of the objectives of Islamic law, particularly in regulating social relations and family interactions. Although mahram relationships legally allow closer interaction, Islam continues to establish ethical boundaries to safeguard purity and moral values. This study is a normative legal research employing conceptual and normative-fiqh approaches, relying on primary sources such as the Qur’an, the Prophetic traditions (hadith), and classical as well as contemporary Shafi‘i jurisprudential literature. The findings indicate that the Shafi‘i School does not regard mahram relations as a sphere of absolute and unrestricted freedom, but instead provides clear regulations concerning gaze and physical contact. Visual interaction is permitted in a limited manner, restricted to certain parts of the body and subject to the condition that it does not provoke desire or potential moral temptation (fitnah). Meanwhile, physical contact is regulated more strictly and, in principle, is only permitted in situations of legitimate shar‘i necessity, such as medical treatment or emergency circumstances. Therefore, the regulation of gaze and physical contact among mahram in the Shafi‘i School functions as an instrument for protecting human dignity, preserving the sanctity of family relationships, and preventing behavioral deviations from an early stage.

The student teaching internship program in the Zakat and Waqf Management Study Program within the Sharia Marketing Management course, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, was implemented to strengthen students’ pedagogical and conceptual competencies through direct classroom experience. The program aimed to encourage active student engagement by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical teaching application. Key activities included reviewing the Semester Learning Plan (RPS), preparing a sample PowerPoint (PPT) learning material, delivering classroom presentations, observing the learning process, and conducting reflective evaluations from September to December 2025. The methods applied consisted of participatory observation, teaching practice, documentation, and systematic self-reflection. The results indicate improvements in teaching competence, conceptual understanding, and students’ soft skills, despite challenges such as low audience participation and limited references. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of experiential learning in internalizing prophetic ethical values, understanding the halal marketing mix, and comprehending Halal Product Assurance (JPH) regulations. This program contributes positively to curriculum strengthening and supports the development of Indonesia’s halal industry, while enhancing students’ readiness as agents of sharia economic development.

According to Indonesian law, marriage is a legal act that has legal consequences for the personal status, assets, and rights and obligations of husband and wife. Therefore, marriage requires the free and conscious will of both prospective bride and groom as the basis for the birth of a valid legal relationship. This study examines the importance of getting to know your partner before getting married from a legal perspective, especially as a form of preventive legal protection in marriage law. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach through literature study of statutory regulations, legal doctrine and relevant scientific literature. The research results show that although Indonesian positive law does not yet explicitly regulate the obligation to get to know one's partner before marriage, the objectives of the Marriage Law, the principle of consensualism, and pre-marital guidance policies reflect the importance of the prospective bride and groom's substantive readiness. This readiness is related to understanding the rights and obligations in marriage as well as the legal consequences that accompany them. Thus, getting to know partners before marriage has legal relevance as an effort to prevent disputes, divorce and family disputes, as well as strengthening legal protection for husbands, wives and children in the institution of marriage.  

The purpose of this study is to analyze digital transformation in notary services, namely the validity of electronic deeds and the responsibilities of notaries in the era of e-government. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach based on an analysis of relevant regulations, scientific literature, and other legal sources. Data was obtained through literature study and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively to assess the legal certainty and responsibility of notaries in preparing electronic deeds in the era of digital transformation in notarial practice. The results show that digital transformation in the notary field is an impact of information technology developments and e-government policies that change the notary's work processes, including administration, deed preparation, identity verification, and document storage. However, digitization must still comply with the principles of authenticity, legality, data security, and legal certainty in accordance with the characteristics of the notary's position as a public official. This study also found that the implementation of cyber notary in Indonesia still faces normative, technical, and ethical obstacles, such as the absence of comprehensive regulations, limited digital infrastructure, and the risk of identity abuse. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, capacity building for notaries, technology standardization, and effective supervision are needed so that the digitization of notary services can be implemented safely while maintaining the integrity of the profession.

Children constitute a vulnerable group requiring protection from sexual crimes, including pedophilia. This research aims to examine criminal law provisions protecting child victims of pedophilia crimes in Indonesia and identify obstacles in their implementation. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the findings demonstrate that legal protection is comprehensively regulated through the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Child Protection Law (Law Number 35 of 2014), Law Number 17 of 2016, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE). These regulations provide a strong legal basis both in terms of principal criminal sanctions and additional sanctions such as chemical castration, electronic monitoring device installation, and perpetrator identity disclosure. The regulations also emphasize victims' rights to medical and psychological rehabilitation as well as identity protection. However, implementation faces several obstacles, including low case reporting rates due to stigma and taboo culture, evidentiary difficulties arising from victim trauma, weak inter-agency coordination, limited resources, and the emergence of digital pedophilia modi. Efforts to address these obstacles include strengthening law enforcement capacity, providing child-friendly justice systems, comprehensive rehabilitation services, public legal education, and synergy between government and non-government institutions in child protection.

Human trafficking constitutes a transnational crime that inflicts physical, psychological, and economic suffering upon its victims. This research aims to analyze the fulfillment of restitution rights for victims of human trafficking and examine preventive efforts from the immigration perspective. According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Human Trafficking, every victim has the right to restitution as compensation for losses suffered. However, implementation in practice still encounters numerous obstacles, including weak law enforcement, limited understanding among law enforcement officers, and insufficient technical regulations. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches to examine primary legal materials, including Law Number 21 of 2007, Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, and various implementing regulations. The findings indicate that legal protection for victims of human trafficking has not been optimal, with challenges including difficulties in proving immaterial losses, dual procedural systems between the Human Trafficking Law and Criminal Procedure Code, and weak coordination among law enforcement agencies. The Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) often cannot guarantee restitution payments as determined by judges. From the immigration perspective, the Directorate General of Immigration plays a strategic role in preventing human trafficking through travel document control, implementation of the Integrated Border Control Management (IBCM) system, education for prospective migrant workers, and cross-sectoral collaboration. However, challenges persist, including complex and evolving modus operandi, limited resources in remote border areas, and inter-agency coordination obstacles. The study concludes that synergy between institutions and improvements in education and regulation are required to ensure victims' restitution rights are fulfilled effectively.  

This research examines the effectiveness of narcotics crime investigation by the Narcotics Investigation Unit (Satuan Reserse Narkoba) from the perspective of Indonesia's Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and related legislation. The study also analyzes the juridical-normative obstacles encountered during investigation processes, along with potential solutions under Indonesian positive law. As an extraordinary crime, narcotics offenses require precise and legally sound investigation methods. However, investigative practices often face challenges due to inconsistencies between legal norms and field implementation, limited resources, and the absence of clear regulations on special investigative techniques such as wiretapping and controlled delivery. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary legal materials including Law Number 8 of 1981 (KUHAP), Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, and various implementing regulations. The findings indicate that narcotics investigations are not yet optimal due to weak technical regulations, disharmonized laws between KUHAP and the Narcotics Law, overlapping authority between the Police and the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), and a lack of protection for whistleblowers and witnesses. The legal gap in regulating special investigation methods creates uncertainty in evidence admissibility. Proposed solutions include regulatory reform through KUHAP revision, improving investigator competence through specialized training, utilizing modern technology, strengthening inter-agency coordination, and enhancing internal and external oversight mechanisms. Legal reform and institutional synergy are essential to enhancing the overall effectiveness of narcotics investigations in Indonesia.

This study investigates allegations of fabricated Accountability Letters (SPJ) and budget irregularities at the Tanjungpinang City Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, and Community Empowerment Agency (DP3APM), just as the regional budget deficit reached Rp97 billion. Internal reports and local media coverage reveal strong indications that funds allocated for outbound activities were diverted to purchase clothing and shoes, which were then used for the Proclamation Walk even though the outbound activities themselves never materialized, raising suspicions of fictitious SPJs and a lack of transparency in the management of public funds. Qualitative descriptive methods were applied through in-depth analysis of news documents, official statements, and regional financial management regulations such as Law No. 23/2014 concerning Regional Government. The analysis highlights violations of fiscal accountability principles under the pressure of the local budget crisis, recommending a comprehensive independent audit by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) or regional inspectorates, along with oversight reforms involving the digitization of financial reports to prevent a repeat in other regional governments across Indonesia.

The challenges faced by MSMEs in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya, often revolve around business management, finance, and taxation. One potential solution is the integration of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) with financial and tax strategies, which can help MSMEs streamline their operations. The Business Model Canvas (BMC) training program is designed to assist MSMEs in reorganizing their business models and implementing new strategies that address key operational challenges. This program also incorporates financial and tax considerations, helping MSMEs manage their finances more effectively and comply with tax regulations. With this approach, MSMEs are expected to improve their operational efficiency, enhance tax compliance, and strengthen their competitive edge in the market. The method involves direct engagement with MSMEs through hands-on workshops and personalized mentoring sessions. This initiative is set to take place in May 2025, offering MSMEs valuable tools to enhance their business practices, optimize financial management, and foster long-term growth and success in the market.

The Ten Scholars per Village Scholarship Program (SESAR) is an initiative of the Bojonegoro Regency Government to expand access to higher education for rural communities. This study evaluates the implementation of the program using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The evaluation was conducted through interviews, document analysis, observations, and information from program implementers to assess policy relevance, resource readiness, process quality, and achieved outcomes. The results indicate that the program is relevant to the goal of educational equity; however, the distribution of beneficiaries has not been even due to differences in the number of applicants and socio-economic conditions among villages. In terms of context, the program aligns with the need for equitable access to higher education, although beneficiary distribution remains uneven. From the input perspective, regulations and funding are adequate, but administrative requirements and higher education accreditation criteria still limit potential applicants. Regarding the process, the selection mechanism follows the established guidelines; nevertheless, socialization remains insufficient, document verification poses challenges, and fund disbursement is often delayed. In the product aspect, the program provides tangible benefits by supporting the continuity of higher education for rural students, although its overall effectiveness still requires improvement.

The phenomenon of marriages between Indonesian citizens (WNI) and refugees represents a complex legal challenge due to the absence of specific regulations governing such relationships. This study examines the legal protection for Indonesian citizens who become victims of manipulative marriages by refugees, employing a normative juridical approach with statutory and conceptual methods. The research analyses primary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, and Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the Handling of Refugees from Abroad. The findings reveal that Indonesian national law does not specifically regulate marriages between Indonesian citizens and refugees or asylum seekers, creating a significant legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) that renders such relationships vulnerable to abuse, violence, and legal uncertainty. Furthermore, the state's responsibility in protecting Indonesian citizen victims of manipulative marriages by refugees has not been optimally implemented, despite constitutional and juridical foundations requiring protection from all forms of violence, discrimination, and exploitation. The study recommends the formulation of specific regulations addressing marriages between Indonesian citizens and refugees, strengthening the role of victim protection institutions, and establishing inter-agency coordination systems, including international organisations such as UNHCR and IOM, to prevent abuse and strengthen law enforcement mechanisms.