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Baby massage performed by parents provides benefits that can foster parental self-confidence, improve the growth and development of babies. Lack of knowledge about the importance of implementing baby massage, so parents need to be provided with counseling about the benefits and correct techniques in baby massage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in massaging babies at the Community Health Center. This study is a quantitative study, with the method used being a pre-experiment with a one-group pre-test and post-test design approach, with a total sample of 40 respondents using total sampling. Data collection techniques with observation sheets and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of this study obtained a value of þ = 0.000 < from α = 0.05 there indicating a significant difference in maternal knowledge before and after counseling, namely, from most of the mothers' knowledge of 70% less, increasing to the knowledge of most of the mothers of 72.5% who have good knowledge. The attitude of mothers before and after counseling was given, namely, the majority of mothers' attitudes 77.5% were negative, increasing to the majority of mothers' attitudes 70% were positive. The conclusion of this study is the influence of infant massage counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in massaging babies at the Community Health Center. The study is expected to provide benefits for the development of nursing science, provide an overview of the benefits of infant massage and how to massage babies correctly, and for further researchers to conduct infant massage counseling more than twice, so that all respondents who participate in infant massage counseling are not only motivated but skilled in massaging babies.

Changes in building functions in urban areas have become an inevitable phenomenon, especially in developing cities such as Binjai City. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing building function changes in the area, using a Mixed Methods approach that combines quantitative analysis through multiple linear regression and qualitative documentation based on field observations. Four independent variables were examined: inconsistency with the Spatial Plan (RTRW), accessibility, economic motivation, and law enforcement.The results show that economic motivation and accessibility have a significant influence on building function changes. Meanwhile, the variables of RTRW inconsistency and weak law enforcement did not show statistically significant effects. These findings are supported by visual field evidence indicating a massive conversion of building functions without effective spatial planning control. Photographic documentation reveals a tendency among the community to adapt building functions for economic activities in strategically accessible areas.The study concludes that building function changes in Binjai City are driven by economic needs and urban spatial dynamics that are not matched by supervision and enforcement of spatial planning regulations. Recommendations include strengthening spatial supervision, providing socio-economic-based incentives, simplifying permit processes, and implementing community-based public education. This research offers valuable contributions to adaptive urban planning while upholding the principles of spatial order and community aspirations.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is abdominal pain, cramps and back pain experienced by women at the beginning of menstruation for 48-72 hours. This condition is most often experienced by women in their late teens to young adults (15-25 years) due to optimization of uterine function so that prostaglandin secretion increases. In Indonesia, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea reaches 54.89%, with a significant impact on adolescent activities. One of the effective non-pharmacological methods to overcome primary dysmenorrhea is abdominal effleurage massage, which is performed directly on the site of pain so that endogenous analgesics (endorphins) are released and pain transmission to the cerebral cortex is inhibited. Purposes: To analyze the effect of abdominal effleurage massage on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Research method: This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design method. The population of this study was 45 adolescents. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique of 21 female students who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Data collection was carried out using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) pain scale observation sheet. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Based on the analysis test using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, a significance value of 0.00 (p <0.05) was obtained, which means Ha was accepted. In other words, abdominal effleurage massage has an effect on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Conclusion: There is an effect of abdominal effleurage massage on reducing primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

The phenomenon of bullying among teenagers is an increasing and complex social problem, not only occurring in everyday life but also widely represented through mass media, one of which is teen drama. One popular media that highlights this issue is My Nerd Girl Season 1, which shows the reality of bullying in its various forms. The main character, Rea, is depicted as a victim of bullying who experiences verbal, emotional, and social pressure from her environment. This representation illustrates that bullying is not just an individual act, but part of a social construction that is full of meaning. This study aims to explore how bullying is presented in the drama My Nerd Girl Season 1 using Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. The analysis focuses on the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings contained in the visual and narrative symbols in the bullying scenes. The research data in the form of scene clips showing forms of bullying, are then analyzed to reveal the underlying social ideology. The results show that this drama represents bullying in various forms, ranging from verbal, cyber, physical, to social. These bullying acts are presented as a form of power, domination, and group control over individuals. The emerging connotative meanings indicate that bullying is legitimized by adolescent ideologies regarding popularity, physical appearance standards, and social acceptance in the school environment. The myth constructed through the drama's narrative is that symbolic and social violence is often considered normal or even necessary to maintain a certain social status. Thus, My Nerd Girl Season 1 serves not only as entertainment but also as a medium for social reflection that reveals the reality of bullying among adolescents.  

Pijat bayi merupakan salah satu bentuk stimulasi sentuhan yang dapat mendukung tumbuh kembang bayi, termasuk membantu mengatasi gangguan tidur. Meskipun praktik ini telah dikenal secara tradisional di Indonesia, pemahaman masyarakat mengenai manfaat dan teknik pijat bayi yang tepat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang Pijat bayi terhadap minat melakukan Pijat bayi kepada tenaga kesehatan di Tempat Praktek Mandiri Bidan (TPMB) Iswati, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 1–12 bulan sebanyak 30 orang, dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square melalui aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan minat melakukan baby massage ke tenaga kesehatan(p-value = 0,020 ; < alfa = 0,05). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi pengetahuan ibu, maka semakin besar pula minat mereka untuk melakukan pijat bayi secara profesional. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan program edukasi bagi ibu mengenai pentingnya pijat bayi, serta menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.

Class C sand mining activities in Nagari Aia Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency have been ongoing since 1999 and continue to expand to this day. This mining provides economic contributions to the local community, but on the other hand, it also has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on land cover changes. This study aims to analyze changes in open land caused by sand mining activities, using remote sensing technology as a monitoring tool. The approach used is descriptive quantitative, through the interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2018 and Sentinel-2 imagery in 2024. Spatial analysis was conducted with the help of ArcGIS software to obtain a visual and numerical picture of land cover changes. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the area of sand mining from 2015 to 2024. In 2015, the mining area was recorded at 8.72 hectares, and increased to 22.14 hectares in 2024. This indicates an increase in mining land area of 13.42 hectares over a nine-year period. Land use conversion has occurred on a massive scale, from dryland forest, scrubland, and dryland areas to open-pit mining areas. This land cover change has the potential to cause environmental degradation such as erosion, reduced biodiversity, and disruption to regional water systems. These findings underscore the importance of stricter monitoring and sustainable spatial planning in natural resource management. The use of remote sensing technology has proven effective in monitoring the dynamics of land use change and can serve as a basis for formulating environmental policies that are more responsive to the impacts of mining activities.

Hypothermia after general anesthesia is a common complication that can seriously impact patient recovery. Identifying risk factors contributing to this occurrence is crucial for effective prevention and management. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia in patients in the Surgical Unit of Regina Maris Regional Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 78 patients undergoing general anesthesia was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through observation and documentation, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Factors shown to be significantly associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia included preoperative body temperature (p=0.010), gender (p=0.014), and duration of surgery (p=0.001). Meanwhile, age and body mass index did not show a significant association. Conclusion: Body temperature, gender, and duration of surgery are the main determinants of the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia. Preventive strategies that focus on body temperature management before and during surgery are needed, especially in high-risk patients.

Gorontalo Province is an area with a high level of disaster vulnerability, both from hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides, as well as geological disasters such as earthquakes. This condition requires an integrated, modern, and sustainable disaster training facility. Unfortunately, until now Gorontalo does not have a representative disaster management education and training center to support community preparedness. This research aims to design a Disaster Management Education and Training Center that not only functions as an education and simulation place, but also integrates green architecture principles to create an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient learning environment. The method used is qualitative descriptive with primary data collection through observation, interviews with stakeholders, and field documentation. Secondary data were obtained from literature studies, disaster architectural precedents, and spatial planning regulatory studies. The design site was chosen in Limboto District with considerations of accessibility, development potential, and geographical conditions. Analysis is carried out on spatial, functional, and climatological aspects to produce an optimal zoning concept and the orientation of building masses according to the tropical climate. The design results show that an area of 19,371 m² can accommodate all space needs with the utilization of KDB of 25.4%. The application of green architecture is realized through the use of environmentally friendly local materials, natural lighting, cross ventilation, solar panels, and rainwater management systems. The simulation facilities for floods, landslides, earthquakes, and fires are designed based on experiential learning so that participants can experience disaster scenarios firsthand. This design is expected to be a model of sustainable tropical disaster architecture, replicate in other disaster-prone areas, and encourage the creation of a disaster-aware culture. This research also opens up further research opportunities related to energy performance evaluation and the application of digital technology in disaster education.

Childbirth is a natural physiological process, but it is often accompanied by intense pain, especially during the first stage, the cervical dilation phase. This pain arises from uterine contractions, cervical dilation, and fetal pressure on the pelvic structures. For primiparous mothers, this experience of childbirth is a first-time experience that can cause anxiety, tension, and even trauma if not managed properly. The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental study with a two-group pretest-posttest. The sample size in this study was 38 participants: 19 in the intervention group and 19 in the control group, using a simple random sampling technique. The data analysis used was the t-dependent and t-independent tests. The results of the study obtained the characteristics of the intervention group respondents, most of the respondents were aged 30-35 years as many as 8 people (40.1%), parity of 2 children as many as 8 people (38.5%), and education level was high school as many as 14 people (73.7%). While in the control group most of the respondents were aged 30-35 years as many as 7 people (32.8%), parity of 2 children) as many as 9 people (40.5%), and education level was high school as many as 18 people (94.7%). The intensity of pain in the intervention group before effleurage massage was an average of 6.26 and after an average of 5.74 while in the control group before massage was an average of 6.97 and after an average of 5.83. The results of the dependent t-test of pain intensity before and after effleurage massage in the intervention group obtained a P value of 0.000 and in the control group before and after massage obtained a P value of 0.006. The results of the independent t-test can be concluded that there is a significant difference after the effleurage massage method was carried out in the intervention group, namely a P value of 0.001. From the results of this study, it is known that there is an effect of the effleurage massage method on reducing the intensity of labor pain in the active phase of the first stage of labor in mothers inpartu. Therefore, it is recommended that midwives apply the effleurage massage method as an intervention to reduce pain in the care of mothers in normal labor.   Keywords: ,   

Flywheel is an important element in the motor starter system due to its ability to store relase kinetic energy during the rotation process. This study aims to evaluate the effect of rotation speed variation and flywheel geometry shape on the kinetic energy produced, assuming the flywheel mass is fixed. The analysis is conducted through theoretical approach and numerical simulation using the rotational kinetic energy equation, with I as the moment of inertia that depends on the geometry shape,and as the angular velocity and shape of  the flywheel. The results show that the geometry shape greatly affects the moment of inertia, and at the same angular velocity, the flywheel with larger moment of inertia is able to store more kinetic energy. The conclusion of this study provides recommendations in the selection of the optimal flywheel design to improve the efficiency of the motor starter system.

This study aims to analyze the effect of electrical voltage and flywheel mass on the kinetic energy produced by the starter motor, as well as to evaluate the geometric shape of the flywheel. The kinetic energy in the flywheel is influenced by the moment of inertia and angular velocity produced by the starter motor. The study was conducted exprerimentally using a quatitative approach, with variations in voltage (11V-14V) and flywheel mass (0.9-1.2 kg), and analyzed using a Two-Way ANOVA Faktorial test. The results show that both voltage and flywheel mass significantly affect kinetic energy, with increased voltage linearly increasing RPM and energy, and a larger mass increasing the moment of inertia. The interaction between the two is synergistic, with the combination of 1.2 kg and 14V voltage yielding the highest energy (4.0 Joules), and an R-squared value of 97.65 % indicating the model is highly accurate. These findings support the development of efficient mechanical energi storage system and optimal flywheel design.

Abstrak. Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and strength, particularly in postmenopausal women. Traditional plant-based therapy presents an attractive alternative given the rich local bioactive potential and limited access to pharmacological treatments. One important biochemical indicator in bone regeneration is the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of various Indonesian traditional medicinal plants as bioactive agents in the prevention of osteoporosis, with an emphasis on increasing ALP levels. This method employed a literature search by collecting several scientific articles discussing the anti-osteoporosis activity of traditional medicinal plants through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical observation studies. The results obtained show that traditional medicinal plants such as Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Black pepper (Piper nigrum), Bromelain (Ananas comosus), Papaya (Carica papaya), Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.), Veratrum nigrum, Sickle senna (Cassia tora), Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), White turmeric (Curcuma zeadoaria), and Celery (Apium graveolens) are capable of reducing the number of osteoclasts and promoting bone formation. These findings consistently demonstrate a positive role in bone health through increased ALP levels. Indonesian traditional medicinal plants hold great potential as evidence-based anti-osteoporosis agents, particularly through enhancing ALP levels and osteoblast activity. This literature review supports the development of local herbal therapy as a promotive and preventive alternative against osteoporosis.

This study aims to formulate sustainable and competitive business strategies for Trans Metro Pekanbaru (TMP), a public transportation system managed by UPTD under the regional government. Using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as the primary framework, supported by SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces, and PESTLE analyses, this research identifies the internal and external factors influencing TMP’s performance. The study found major challenges such as decreased ridership, lack of digital integration, and growing dependence on private vehicles. However, the flexibility offered through BLUD-based governance provides opportunities to improve innovation and service performance. Strategic recommendations include enhancing the value proposition, diversifying customer segments, and digitalizing distribution channels. These strategies are expected to strengthen TMP’s competitive advantage and support the development of an inclusive and efficient urban mass transportation system in Indonesia.

Boja Village is located in the center of Boja District, Kendal Regency. Its area is relatively large compared to other villages. With a large population, many businesses have developed in the area. Boja has significant potential for MSME development and economic growth. Most of the area is agricultural land, mostly planted with cassava. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide outreach by empowering women from the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) to foster entrepreneurial interest in Boja Village, Boja District, Kendal Regency. Cassava is a highly versatile commodity, capable of being used in a variety of food preparations, including as a substitute for wheat flour, to create a variety of ready-to-sell foods. By utilizing this commodity, it is hoped that women can start businesses to supplement family income and increase its economic value. Recognizing this potential, the Community Service team will conduct outreach activities, including entrepreneurship training, workshops on various processing innovations, and digital marketing for housewives in the area. The community service activity took place on Thursday, June 12, 2025, from 3:30 PM to 5:30 PM WIB (Western Indonesian Time). Twenty-three participants covered entrepreneurship, workshops, and digital marketing. They were highly enthusiastic about the activity. The outreach program demonstrated an increased understanding of entrepreneurship, skills, and interest in starting a business. Evaluation results showed an increase in understanding, exceeding 50%, after pre- and post-tests. The target output of this community service is publication in national journals, HKI videos, YouTube, and through mass media.

Several of the best-selling small-molecule medications and natural alkaloids contain piperidine, a crucial saturated heterocyclic scaffold with a wide variety of biological functions. The hydrazide-hydrazone moiety's exceptional use in the pharmacological and biological domains made it particularly appealing. Objective: Designing and synthesizing a novel set of 4-Piperidin-1-yl-benzoic acid substituted hydrazides, Ac1-c3 and Bc1-c5, as potentially antimicrobial agents and characterizing them using IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Methods: By esterifying 4- Piperidin-1-yl-benzoic acid Ac1 and then treating with hydrazine hydrate it to produce Ac3 in a good yield. The hydrazide Ac3 was condensed with the proper aldehydes or ketone to synthesis the hydrazones Bc1–c5. The in vitro bacterial activity was evaluated anti two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, as well as two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Results: The majority of tested compounds demonstrated significant efficacy anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. Notably, compound Bc3 emerged as the most effective derivative within the series. Conclusions: The Compounds (Bc1–c4) that were synthesized demonstrated moderate to good antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterias species and Candida albicans.

Poromas are benign neoplasms composed of epithelial cells that show tubular differentiation, which arises from the intraepidermal part of the eccrine of the sweat glands. This lesion can resemble melanoma or non melanoma.1,2 Case description We reported a case of eccrine poroma in a man, Mr. ES, 50 years old, with complaints of a lump in the head of the temporal region of the region. On macroscopic examination, a blackish-brown scalp tissue size 2x1x0.5 was received, the surface was uneven, the consistency was springy. Microscopic examination of squamous epithelial coating with round, oval, monotone, smooth chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm appear. In the sub-epithelium, there is a mass of tumors consisting of proliferative eccrine glands, in groups forming islands, with cuboidal coatings, with round, oval, monotonous nuclei, fine chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma consists of fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels. The sebaceous glands, hair follicles and infiltration of lymphocyte cells appear. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results of histopathological examination, it can be concluded as eccrine poroma. In this case electrosurgery is performed, removal with the help of a carbon dioxide laser, or excision surgery can be performed.

Background: Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant tumor composed of uniform, partially round to oval cells with lipoblast, in the myxoid stroma with branching capillaries. Very rarely presents as a primary neoplasm of the subcutis or retroperitoneum. Myxoid liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum is the most common metastases. Case description: We reported a case of  Mr M, male, 48 years old, came to the hospital. Private in the city of Medan on April 19 2021 with complaints of upper left abdominal pain, nausea (+), vomiting (-), fever. vital sign, general condition: compos mentis, temperature: 36 ℃, Pulse: 80 x/min. Breathing: 20x/min, Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg. Previously, a gastric biopsy was performed on suspicion of gastric carcinoma and a histopathological examination was carried out with the results of a gastric adenoma. Subsequently, an exploratory laparotomy was performed with tumor debulking and the tissue was sent to the H. Adam Malik Hospital unit. On macroscopic examination, the tissue was split in a state of 16 cm x 12 cm x 7 cm, yellowish-gray in color, chewy consistency. The of cutting, a solid mass of white, yellow, and brown color appears, the consistency is chewy and brittle. With a tissue-weight of 800 grams then labeled O/1260/21. On microscopic examination of the tumor mass, it appears that the tumor mass is mostly arranged in solid sheets, consisting of round, relatively uniform cells, arranged back to back. Round and oval nuclei with increased N/C ratio, coarse chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Among them are lipoblast cells with spider web and small signet ring lipoblast. Atypical mitoses are relatively easy to find > 19 mitoses / 10 LPB. Proliferative and congested blood vessels, necrotic masses <50% are also seen. Immunohistochemical examination was carried out with S100 positive staining results on the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of tumor cells with a proportion of more than 70% moderate to strong intensity. Conclusion: Based on macroscopic and microscopic examination this patient was diagnosed with High grade myxoid round cell liposarcoma grade III with ICD-O 8852/3.

Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of lung cancer, especially in non-smoking women. This disease can develop progressively to cause complications such as pleural effusion and hydropneumothorax. Risk factors involved include exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, radon, and a history of previous tuberculosis. A 61-year-old woman came with complaints of right chest pain radiating to the back, shortness of breath, dry cough, weakness, and weight loss. The medical history showed that the patient had undergone chemotherapy for lung cancer and had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis that had been resolved. Supporting examinations such as CT-scan, bronchoscopy, and cytology showed a mass in the right lung inferior lobe and massive pleural effusion leading to a diagnosis of stage IVA right lung adenocarcinoma (T3N1M1A) complicated by hydropneumothorax. The patient underwent management in the form of chemotherapy, supportive therapy, and symptomatic care.

Public awareness is needed to reduce the use of single-use plastics. One effort to reduce plastic waste is by replacing chemical-based materials with natural alternatives. This study aims to analyze the effect of beeswax thickness on the type of fabric used. A quantitative method was applied by measuring the thickness of each material sample with beeswax mass variations of 10 grams, 15 grams, and 20 grams. The results showed that blacu fabric with 15 grams of beeswax had a “very good” coating thickness. Blacu fabric with 10 grams of beeswax had a “good” thickness, while 20 grams resulted in a “fair” thickness. The thickness of the fabric material varied according to the beeswax mass and affected the coating uniformity of beeswax applied to the fabric surface.

The era of digital disruption marked by the massive spread of hoaxes and disinformation presents a serious challenge for the church in maintaining the unity and purity of teaching. The gap between the need for a relevant leadership response and the lack of practical models that can be applied is a key problem that this study seeks to answer. This study aims to (1) analyze the essential components of an adaptive model of Christian leadership in responding to these challenges, and (2) formulate a practical framework that blends spiritual and educational strategies for church leaders. Using qualitative research methods with a literature review approach, secondary data from various scientific literature are analyzed through qualitative content analysis to build a conceptual model. The results of the study conclude that an effective leadership model is built on three main foundations: the character of a leader with integrity, in-depth knowledge of the digital and theological landscape, and practical skills in communication and education. The most effective framework is one that synergizes a spiritual approach to build the resilience of the faith of the congregation from within, with an educational approach to equip the congregation with digital literacy in the face of external threats.