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This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the development of the Kingdom of God in Indonesia as a reality present in the lives of the people through the values ​​of love, justice, and peace in a pluralistic society. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that support and hinder the development of the Kingdom of God in Indonesia and explain its application in contemporary life. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review and theological analysis of the social, cultural, and religious dynamics that are developing in Indonesian society. The results of the study indicate that the development of the Kingdom of God is supported by the role of the church in evangelistic missions, holistic services, universal values ​​of love and justice, and a spirit of religious moderation. On the other hand, this development is hampered by local cultural resistance, socio-political dynamics, a lack of comprehensive theological understanding, and the potential for conflict in poorly managed plurality. The implications of this research emphasize that the Kingdom of God needs to be lived as a contemporary reality through personal and social transformation, obedience to God's will, and the realization of identity as citizens of the Kingdom of God in everyday life.

This study examines the role of students of IFTK Ledalero in responding to human rights (HR) issues through the integration of theoretical understanding, spirituality, and concrete action. The background of this research is rooted in the increasing complexity of human rights violations in Indonesia, particularly in marginalized communities, which demands a contextual and transformative response from academic institutions. The objective of this study is to analyze how students internalize human rights values from philosophical and theological perspectives and translate them into practical engagement. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using literature review and contextual analysis of student involvement in social issues. The findings indicate that while students possess strong theoretical foundations and spiritual motivations, there remains a gap in translating these into consistent and structured advocacy actions. However, emerging initiatives such as community service, pastoral engagement, and social campaigns demonstrate a growing awareness and commitment. The implication of this study emphasizes the need for a more integrative educational approach that bridges theory, spirituality, and praxis, enabling students to become transformative agents in promoting human dignity and justice.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational communication in improving organizational performance using a systematic literature review approach with a descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained from various relevant scientific literature sources, including national journals and academic articles discussing organizational communication and performance. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a significant role in enhancing performance through effective vertical and horizontal communication patterns, clarity of information flow, and improved work coordination. In addition, organizational communication contributes to building harmonious working relationships, increasing motivation, and strengthening organizational commitment. Leadership plays a crucial role in managing communication effectiveness within the organization. However, communication effectiveness is also influenced by supporting and inhibiting factors, such as work environment, communication skills, and differences in individual perceptions. Therefore, organizations need to manage communication strategically to achieve optimal performance. This study provides theoretical contributions to the development of organizational communication studies and practical implications for organizations in improving communication effectiveness.

Market levies are a regional taxation category that holds significant promise for increasing regional fiscal resources, complementing local tax revenues. The objectives of this study are; (1) Understanding the Communication Mechanism in the Implementation of Market Service Fee Policy in Gorontalo City. (2) Examination of Resource Availability in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo. (3) Understanding the Bureaucratic Framework in the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy in Gorontalo City. (4) Examination of the Implementation of Market Service Tax Policy Disposition in Gorontalo City. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that the communication of market service fee policy has been carried out through systematic formal channels and is supported by a clear bureaucratic structure and division of tasks, but its implementation is still not optimal. This is caused by several obstacles, including unequal understanding and distribution of information among traders, limited resources in terms of both quantity and quality of human resources, budget, and inadequate market facilities. Furthermore, weak coordination and suboptimal implementation of SOPs in the field also impact work consistency, while the disposition or attitude of implementers who have demonstrated commitment but are not yet unified requires a more comprehensive strategic approach. Therefore, integrated efforts are needed, including improving the communication framework, strengthening human resource capacity, improving facilities, stricter supervision, and ongoing coaching to create more effective and professional policy implementation.

The garment industry in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in line with the increasing demand for fashion products, particularly in Bandung Regency, which is one of the main garment centers. CV Kiral, as a garment company, faces intense competition, especially in terms of promotion and product quality, which are crucial factors in attracting consumers. This study aims to examine the influence of promotion and product quality on consumer purchasing decisions at CV Kiral, both partially and simultaneously. The research method employed is quantitative with a descriptive and verificative approach. The sample consisted of 100 respondents, who were CV Kiral consumers, determined using Cochran’s formula and selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination with the assistance of SPSS software. The results indicate that promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, as does product quality, which also demonstrates a positive and significant influence. Simultaneously, promotion and product quality make a strong contribution to improving consumer purchasing decisions. Thus, the success of CV Kiral in facing competition is highly determined by the effectiveness of creative digital promotions and the consistency of product quality that meets consumer expectations.

The preservation of the nation's collective memory is a very important aspect in maintaining national identity, but its existence today is threatened by physical damage and limited access to information. This study aims to explain effective preservation methods to ensure the sustainability of the collective memory as a historical heritage. The methodology applied is qualitative descriptive by collecting data through literature review and document analysis from various literature sources and regulations related to archives. The results of this study show that the implementation of the current preservation strategy still faces major problems, especially the difference between the expected tennis standards and the reality of limited funds and the ability of human resources to carry out restoration. In addition, the digitalization process has not been fully linked to the planned long-term digital preservation management. The implications of this study show that strengthening the collaboration and technical capabilities of archivists is very important so that all historical artifacts of the nation are maintained in their authenticity, protected, and can be widely accessed by future generations.

This study aims to analyze the education of children with special physical needs, particularly children with speech impairment, at TK Harsya Ceria Banda Aceh. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to describe the learning process, fulfillment of physical needs, teacher assistance, family support, and obstacles faced in inclusive education. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving school principals, teachers, parents, and children with speech impairment. The results showed that TK Harsya Ceria has implemented inclusive education by providing equal learning opportunities for children with special needs alongside regular students. Teachers use visual media, body language, educational games, and individual assistance to support children’s communication and learning processes. Family support also plays an important role in developing children’s independence, communication skills, and social interaction. However, several obstacles were found, including communication barriers, limited facilities, lack of special assistants, and high therapy costs. Therefore, collaboration between schools, families, health workers, and the government is needed to support the optimal development of children with speech impairment in inclusive education environments.

This study was motivated by the fact that students still experience difficulties in understanding Nahwu and Shorof despite studying both sciences in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of Arabic language, Nahwu, and Shorof teachers regarding the importance of Nahwu and Shorof in Arabic language learning, their understanding of the concepts and applications, and the effectiveness of learning implementation at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah East Tanjung Jabung. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that teachers considered Nahwu and Shorof as the fundamental basis of Arabic language learning because these sciences regulate sentence structures, word transformations, and meanings in Arabic texts. Teachers believed that mastery of Nahwu and Shorof is essential for understanding the Qur’an, hadith, and classical Islamic books. The learning process was considered fairly effective since many students already had prior knowledge from pesantren education and showed progress during the learning process. However, the effectiveness of learning still faced several obstacles, including low student motivation, differences in students’ basic abilities, limited learning time, and the complexity of the material. This study concludes that improving the quality of Nahwu and Shorof learning requires more varied teaching methods, continuous motivation, regular material reinforcement, and stronger institutional support.

Economic exploitation of children remains a serious issue within the child protection system in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas experiencing high socio-economic pressure. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection provided to children who become victims of economic exploitation by their parents in Manado City and to identify the factors that cause children to become involved in street-based economic activities. The research employed an empirical legal method with a socio-juridical approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documentation, library research, and case-handling records from the Office of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection of Manado City. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method to understand the relationship between child protection legal norms and social practices within society. The findings reveal that legal protection has been implemented through preventive and repressive measures, including public outreach, legal education, psychological assistance, social rehabilitation, and inter-agency coordination. However, its implementation has not yet been optimal due to family poverty, low parental education, weak legal awareness, permissive social environments, and limited institutional capacity at the regional level. This study emphasizes that protecting children from economic exploitation requires stronger law enforcement, social protection for vulnerable families, community economic empowerment, and an integrated child protection system to ensure children’s rights to education, welfare, and development are sustainably protected.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of East Flores Regency in managing the eruption disaster of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki during the pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster phases. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 18 informants from BPBD and affected communities in Wulanggitang and Ile Bura Sub-districts. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that during the pre-disaster phase, BPBD implemented preparedness measures through disaster-prone area mapping, the establishment of Disaster Preparedness Teams and Disaster-Resilient Villages, public outreach, and the use of local wisdom. However, outdated contingency plans, limited early warning systems, weak relocation efforts, and low public awareness contributed to panic and casualties during the eruption. In the emergency response phase, BPBD successfully coordinated evacuation efforts, established emergency posts, and distributed logistics effectively. Nevertheless, displaced communities experienced discomfort due to prolonged emergency conditions and limited fulfillment of basic needs in temporary shelters. In the post-disaster phase, BPBD conducted rehabilitation and reconstruction through transportation recovery, trauma healing programs, and permanent housing development based on the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan (R3P). However, limited funding and delays in reconstruction processes remained major challenges. Therefore, improving coordination, institutional capacity, disaster communication, and community participation is essential for effective disaster management.

This study seeks to examine the views of Islamic boarding school students regarding Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) learning based on the Yellow Book as the primary reference at the Madrasah Diniyah Wustha An Nuur in Ponorogo. As a legacy of traditional Islamic scholarship, this book plays a vital role in the Islamic boarding school curriculum, although its relevance and effectiveness in modern education are often discussed among academics. Using a qualitative approach combined with descriptive-interpretive analysis, this study maps various aspects of students' perceptions, including teaching techniques, material content, obstacles encountered, and the relationship of the Yellow Book to understanding Islamic jurisprudence. The study revealed that students' responses were generally positive, but they were still hampered by limited Arabic language skills and difficulties translating the book's teachings into the context of contemporary life. Based on these findings, the implementation of more flexible learning methods such as bandongan, sorogan, and muhadlarah integrated with a contextual approach is needed to strengthen students' understanding and appreciation of traditional Islamic jurisprudence.

This research aims to examine the potential adaptation of Naval military logistics strategies to optimize humanitarian logistics distribution in remote archipelagic regions. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach of literature from the 2020-2026 period, this study dissects the concept of Sea-Based Logistics through domain, taxonomic, and componential analyses. The findings indicate that military advantages in floating infrastructure and integrated command chains can effectively bypass distribution barriers in areas lacking port facilities. The study concludes by recommending a military-civilian logistics integration model as a strategic solution for national logistics resilience in coastal areas. The effectiveness of this strategic adaptation relies not only on physical operational aspects but also on the synchronization of budgetary policies and the integration of information technology within the supply chain. From a logistics economics perspective, utilizing naval assets as floating bases mitigates the risk of high costs resulting from post-disaster land infrastructure damage. This synergy necessitates the establishment of collaborative Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) between military and civilian authorities to create a humanitarian logistics ecosystem that is more resilient, transparent, and capable of responding to crisis dynamics in outlying regions in real-time

The Legal Unit plays a crucial role in ensuring compliance with banking regulations, particularly in managing customer documents related to data protection and legal risk reduction. This study aims to explore the role and performance of the Legal Unit in managing customer files at Bank Sumsel Babel, Kapten A. Rivai Main Branch, and to identify obstacles and possible solutions. The method chosen in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis, which were then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The research findings indicate that the Legal Unit is responsible for ensuring that document management is carried out regularly, securely, and in accordance with applicable banking regulations. The implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), internal supervision, and the use of digital archives contribute to legal compliance and minimize the risk of document loss and information leakage. Problems encountered include limitations in human resources and incompatibility with digital systems. Therefore, improvements in document management technology, training for human resources, and periodic SOP evaluation are needed to improve the effectiveness of the Legal Unit's work and maintain customer trust.

This study aims to examine the utilization of classification codes in the sorting of records and non-records. The sorting of records and non-records is an important stage in information management. However, in practice, it is often not carried out systematically, resulting in the mixing of records and non-records with different values. This condition leads to disorganized records management and difficulties in information retrieval. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach. The data were obtained from scientific journals, books, and relevant regulations related to records management. Data collection was conducted through literature review, while data analysis was carried out descriptively through data grouping and interpretation. The results show that classification codes are used as a basis for distinguishing and grouping records and non-records according to organizational functions and activities, thereby supporting better organization in the sorting process. The implication of this study indicates that the use of classification codes supports more structured and systematic records management.

The development of digital technology has encouraged the transformation of the financial sector through the emergence of Sharia financial technology (fintech) as a financial service based on Islamic principles that emphasize justice, transparency, and public benefit (maslahah). The presence of various Sharia fintech products such as Sharia peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, Sharia crowdfunding, Sharia E-wallets, and digital ZISWAF (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) services is considered capable of increasing financial inclusion in Indonesia, especially for unbanked communities and MSMEs that have limited access to formal financial services. This study aims to analyze the innovation of Sharia fintech products, their role in increasing financial inclusion, and their conformity with the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach through collecting data from scientific journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, OJK and Bank Indonesia regulations, as well as various literature related to Sharia fintech published within the last five years. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively and analytically by examining the concepts, implementation, and regulations of Sharia fintech in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Sharia fintech has a strategic role in expanding public access to financial services through the digitalization of financing, payments, and Islamic social fund collection. In addition to increasing Islamic financial inclusion and literacy, Sharia fintech also helps reduce transaction costs, facilitate MSME financing access, and expand the distribution of financial services to remote areas. From a Sharia perspective, the operation of Sharia fintech must continue to adhere to DSN-MUI fatwas and maqashid sharia principles in order to avoid elements of riba, gharar, and maisir and to create justice and public benefit for society. Therefore, Sharia fintech has a great opportunity to support the development of an inclusive and sustainable Islamic digital economy in Indonesia, although strengthening regulations, Sharia supervision, public education, and product innovation based on community needs are still required.

This study examines eschatology within the framework of Catholic faith as a reflection of faith and hope of salvation, not merely as a depiction of the end times. The background highlights the need to avoid reducing eschatology to a sole event of judgment day, by emphasizing the close relationship between eschatology, Christology, and soteriology, as well as the role of faith in the daily life of Catholic believers. The aim of the study is to articulate eschatology as an integrative framework that connects faith, hope, love, sacraments, liturgy, and inculturation in the Church’s praxis, and to consolidate the active participation of the faithful in the Kingdom of God, which has been initiated but not yet completed. The research method is descriptive-analytical literature review, comparing the views of experts, the Church Magisterium, and contemporary liturgical and theological documents to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework. The main findings indicate that Catholic eschatology functions as a moral and spiritual engine: (1) it integrates the “already and not yet” in the experience of faith; (2) it links eschatological hope with the actions of love, justice, and social liberation; (3) it bridges private faith with sacramental practice and inculturation. Theological and pastoral implications include strengthening faith formation, participation in liturgy, and an imaginative response to present-day social and environmental challenges. This narrative affirms a living, inclusive, and relevant eschatology for the Church’s life of faith in the contemporary era.

This study examines the historical development of education in Malaysia, which has undergone a shift from the traditional pondok system to modern religious schools. This change was influenced by various factors, including social dynamics, colonial influence, and societal demands for a more structured and relevant education system. This study aims to explain this development process and identify the various factors driving this change. The research employed a qualitative approach through literature review, utilizing various sources, books, journals, and scientific documents, which were analyzed descriptively to gain a deeper understanding. The results show that the pondok system, which was initially informal and simple, even focusing only on teaching religious knowledge and moral development, underwent changes due to the influence of colonialism, the development of Western education, and the increasing societal need for formal education. This change gave rise to modern madrasahs and religious schools with more structured curricula, integrating religious and general knowledge, and implementing more systematic methods. The findings of this study confirm that this development did not completely eliminate the pondok system, but rather developed it into a more comprehensive educational system, enabling Islamic education in Malaysia to remain steadfast in Islamic values ​​and adapt to modern demands.

The subject of corpse care is one of the important competencies in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the senior high school level, which is obligatory (fardhu kifayah). However, the complexity of the material and the presence of psychological barriers often make students less interested or feel afraid. This study aims to analyze in-depth the perceptions of SMA YATPI Godong students regarding the importance of corpse care, the factors that influence these perceptions, and the urgency of this competency as a provision for social life. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach supported by simple quantitative data percentages. The subjects were 35 grade XI students, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through participant observation, questionnaire distribution, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis followed an interactive model that includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the majority of students (82.8%) had a very positive perception of the urgency of this material and were aware of its socio-cultural responsibility. The main factors influencing students' perceptions included the demonstration method using mannequins implemented by teachers, internal religiosity values, and the encouragement of societal expectations. These skills are considered essential not only for fulfilling academic obligations but also as a form of student readiness to engage and contribute significantly to their social environment in the event of grief.

A MSMEs in Indonesia has recently contributed to national exports by 15,7%  compared with Thailand that has reached 29 %, so substantial revision are required to make sure that increasing contribution which ultimately will give positive impact toward the economy overall, because almost 90 % of human resource work in MSMEs sector with nature resource and other plentiful resources. The main problem that is commonly found by MSMEs is to optimize the available resources as well as fulfill the required standards that have established and required regulation in order to ensure the resulting product is accepted by the market and to comply with the regulation that has been established by the regulator. Indonesia as the second biggest country in the world has biodiversity certainly offers benefits that hard to imitate by other country in producing biopharmaceutical plants product, therefore it offers competitive potential in the global market, however market penetration by MSMEs biopharmaceutical plants sector commonly discontinued regarding with technical barriers to trade (TBT). This study is based on a case study that aims to analyze main challenges in fulfillment of international certification and to formulate adaptation strategy for MSMEs. By conducting through a descriptive qualitative method with case study approaches, the result of study indicates that high compliance costs,  registration procedural complexity from the source and destination country, as well as the inconsistency of raw material quality became the main barriers. The proposed strategy including group certification model, CPOTB standard harmonization, and the utilization of integrated government assistance schemes will provide real contribution in assisting MSMEs fulfilling global market requirements.

 The quality of digital system services in the ship clearance process is closely related to the work effectiveness of shipping agency companies. The advancement of port operational services is influenced by the system’s ability to provide convenience, speed, accuracy, and service integration for users. The system used in the ship clearance process must be able to meet user needs and support inter-agency coordination so that ship services can operate more effectively and efficiently. This study aims to analyze the performance level and the level of user importance regarding the implementation of the Single Submission Pengangkut System in the ship clearance process at PT Trans Cakrawala Perkasa. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 30 respondents consisting of ship agents involved in the clearance process. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and literature studies. The data were analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, conformity level analysis, and the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results indicate that the SSM Pengangkut System has made a positive contribution to accelerating document processing, facilitating system usage, increasing work productivity, and supporting coordination among related agencies. Based on the IPA Cartesian diagram, one indicator was identified as a priority for improvement, while other indicators were categorized as maintain performance, low priority, and high performance with lower importance levels. Overall, the implementation of the Single Submission Pengangkut System has been running quite well; however, continuous evaluation and improvement are still needed to optimize the ship clearance process further.