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Indonesia's positive legal system is not in line with Jinayah's thoughts of accountability. Criminal responsibility according to Islamic criminal law is based on the awareness and intention of the perpetrator (mens rea) and proof of unlawful actions (actus reus), which is in line with sharia principles. The aim of this research is to study how the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be applied to Indonesian law by considering the principles of justice, humanity and uniformity in accordance with the country's constitution. The research method used is normative, by looking at various laws in Indonesia and reading literature about Islamic criminal law and its implementation in countries with Islamic law. The research results show that, although there are fundamental differences between Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, several elements of the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be exploited, especially in cases containing certain crimes such as qisas, diyat, and ta'zir. By considering Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the state, these elements can be exploited. It is hoped that this implementation will help strengthen the national legal system by providing space for the religious values ​​that live within it

This research examines the legal construction of interfaith marriage in Indonesia within its pluralistic context. Through socio-legal analysis, it explores current regulations, implementation practices, and challenges in accommodating interfaith marriages under Indonesian law. The study analyzes Marriage Law No. 1/1974, Civil Administration Law, and relevant court decisions, revealing gaps between constitutional rights of religious freedom and existing marriage regulations. Research methods include document analysis, case studies, and comparative legal analysis with other pluralistic societies. Findings indicate significant challenges in legal recognition and civil registration of interfaith marriages, impacting citizens' constitutional rights. The study proposes legislative reforms and administrative improvements to better accommodate religious diversity while maintaining legal certainty. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on legal pluralism and religious freedom in Indonesian marriage law.

This research conducts a comprehensive juridical analysis of interfaith marriage within the framework of Indonesian positive law, examining the legal complexities and regulatory challenges in the current legal system. The study critically analyzes the existing legal instruments, including Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, compilation of Islamic Law, and relevant Supreme Court decisions that govern interfaith marriages in Indonesia. Through doctrinal legal research methodology, this study investigates the legal vacuum surrounding interfaith marriages and its implications on citizens' constitutional rights. The research examines how different legal interpretations by civil registry offices, religious courts, and other legal institutions affect the implementation of interfaith marriage regulations. Findings indicate substantial inconsistencies in legal interpretation and application, leading to legal uncertainty for couples seeking interfaith marriages. The study reveals that while Indonesian positive law does not explicitly prohibit interfaith marriages, the absence of clear regulatory frameworks often results in practical obstacles and varying administrative practices across different regions. The research also explores how judicial decisions have shaped the legal landscape of interfaith marriages, analyzing landmark cases that have influenced current legal practices. This study concludes that there is an urgent need for legal reform to provide clear guidelines for interfaith marriages that align with constitutional principles while respecting religious values and human rights in Indonesia's pluralistic society.

This study examines the complex legal framework surrounding interfaith marriages in Indonesia, focusing on the intersection of religious law, civil law, and cultural practices. Through analysis of existing regulations, court decisions, and implementation practices, the research investigates the challenges faced by couples seeking interfaith marriages within Indonesia's pluralistic legal system. The study employs a qualitative methodology, combining doctrinal legal research with empirical data collected through case studies and interviews with legal practitioners, religious authorities, and couples who have navigated the interfaith marriage process. Findings reveal significant disparities between formal regulations and practical implementation, highlighting how legal ambiguities and administrative barriers often lead couples to seek alternative solutions, including overseas marriages or religious conversion. The research demonstrates that while Indonesia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion and the right to marry, the practical implementation of interfaith marriage regulations remains problematic due to conflicting interpretations of religious and civil law. The study concludes that current regulatory frameworks inadequately address the contemporary realities of Indonesia's diverse society, suggesting the need for legal reform that better balances religious principles with citizens' constitutional rights.

Interfaith marriage in Indonesia represents a complex legal challenge characterized by significant regulatory ambiguity and constitutional tensions. This juridical research investigates the existing legal vacuum surrounding interfaith marriage, examining the critical gaps in current legislation that impede comprehensive legal protection for interfaith couples. Utilizing a normative juridical approach with legislative and conceptual analysis, the study explores the intricate intersections between religious diversity, individual rights, and legal frameworks.The research reveals substantial deficiencies in the current legal system, highlighting the absence of specific regulations governing interfaith marriage. Key findings demonstrate the urgent need for a comprehensive legislative framework that balances religious pluralism, constitutional principles, and individual human rights. The study identifies critical challenges, including conflicts between existing legal provisions, social perceptions, and constitutional guarantees of religious freedom.Methodologically grounded in progressive legal theory and human rights principles, the research provides a critical analysis of the existing legal landscape. Comparative insights from international jurisdictions underscore the necessity of legal reform. The findings recommend the development of nuanced legislation that respects individual choice while maintaining social harmony.The study concludes that Indonesia requires a transformative approach to interfaith marriage regulation, emphasizing legislative reforms, public education, and the establishment of robust legal mechanisms that protect individual rights within the context of religious and cultural diversity.

This study aims to find out about . What are the legal provisions for determining suspects as pretrial objects in criminal law and b What are the legal implications for re-determination of suspects after being canceled by a pretrial decision. The data collection method in this study was carried out by literature study, which is a way of collecting data by searching and studying library materials (literature, research results, scientific magazines, scientific bulletins, scientific journals, etc.). Legal materials are collected through inventory procedures and identification of laws and regulations, as well as classification and systematization of legal materials according to research problems. Therefore, the data collection technique used in this study was a literature study. The results of the study show that pretrial is a new thing in the life of law enforcement in Indonesia, has a goal to be upheld and protected, namely protecting the rights of suspects at the level of investigation and prosecution or preventing the arbitrariness of law enforcement officials against someone who is undergoing a legal process and To guarantee the protection of human rights and for law enforcers to carry out their duties consistently, the Criminal Procedure Code establishes a new institution called pretrial. Seeing the contents of the decision as referred to in Article 82 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, that there are 3 (three) types of implementation of pretrial decisions: committing certain acts, paying an amount of money and providing rehabilitation. The legal basis for pretrial authority in deciding the suspect's determination is found in the Constitutional Court (MK) decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 which states that the determination of the status of a suspect is included in the object of pretrial and also in its ruling that Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding legal force as long as the pretrial is not interpreted including determination of suspects, searches , and confiscation. Meanwhile, the background to the addition of pretrial authority in deciding the determination of the suspect is that the determination of the suspect's status is the end result of the investigation activities carried out which are none other than the object of pretrial. Criminal acts after the status of the determination of the suspect is declared invalid in the pretrial decision are basically still valid. Examination in pretrial cases is only in the administrative area of the investigative process. Often the Pretrial decision which cancels the determination of the suspect by the investigator, is based.

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are a manifestation of people's sovereignty and the implementation of democracy in Indonesia, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in resolving disputes over regional election results. The method used is normative juridical legal research, analyzing relevant regulations and literature. The MK holds permanent authority to adjudicate Pilkada disputes, replacing the Supreme Court. The impact of MK's decisions includes the implementation of Re-voting (PSU), which strengthens the legitimacy of Pilkada results and influences local political stability. However, challenges such as the complexity of evidence and reliance on the MK highlight weaknesses in the oversight system.  

Social media has changed the way people communicate and share information, opening up great opportunities as well as challenges such as hoaxes and polarization. In Indonesia, these platforms have become important spaces for public discussion, especially in politics. Wise management is needed for social media to support transparency, accountability and democracy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social media in constitutional dispute resolution, identify challenges that arise, and provide recommendations for wise management so that social media can support transparency, accountability, and democratic principles. This research uses a normative method. Social media has a major role in constitutional disputes, both as a tool for information dissemination and a space for public discussion. On the one hand, social media helps transparency, participation, and community mobilization in constitutional issues. However, on the other hand, it also poses challenges such as disinformation, hoaxes, and political polarization that can escalate conflicts. Regulation and supervision are needed to address the misuse of social media without compromising freedom of expression. Digital literacy education is also important to encourage responsible use of social media, so that it can be a tool to support democracy and peaceful dispute resolution. Social media can worsen the political situation through hoaxes and hate speech. Therefore, clear regulations are needed to prevent abuse without reducing freedom of speech. Policy reforms that balance surveillance and freedom of expression are important, with collaboration between the government, platforms and communities to create a safe digital space. Digital literacy also needs to be improved so that people can sort out information and support political stability.

Background: Every child has the right to receive education in a healthy environment in accordance with the 1945 Constitution Article 31 paragraph 1. The health of the school environment, especially the existence of a healthy canteen, is an important component in supporting student growth and development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of healthy canteens in elementary schools in the working area of the Paal V Health Center in Jambi City. Methods: This study is a qualitative study with an analytical descriptive approach. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, observations, and documentation, with informants consisting of school principals, health center staff, teachers, canteen sellers, and students. Results: At SDN 64/IV Jambi City, there is a written policy regarding school healthy canteens. The average canteen handler has used an apron as personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintained hand and clothing hygiene. School canteen facilities are equipped with adequate lighting and the availability of clean water. However, it is still found that plastic containers are used for food containers. The informants agreed that the existence of healthy canteens in schools is very important and suggested that canteens only sell food that is filling and free from harmful chemicals. Conclusion: Schools with higher accreditation have better canteen management than schools with lower accreditation, especially in policies, facilities, and supervision.

The 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election marked the fifth general election in the country, aimed at electing a new President and Vice President for the 2024–2029 term. Candidates competed to succeed the outgoing president, who had served two constitutional terms. A key aspect of this election was the candidate debates, where each candidate presented their vision, allowing the public to assess their policies. These debates were broadcast on platforms like YouTube, giving the public a space to comment. However, analyzing YouTube comments presents challenges due to the volume of data, language diversity, and informal expressions. Sentiment analysis, crucial for understanding public opinion, uses algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, which is based on Bayes' Theorem and assumes feature independence. Naïve Bayes is widely used in text analysis for its speed and simplicity. When applied to YouTube comments from the 2024 debates, the algorithm demonstrated its effectiveness, especially with a balanced dataset through random oversampling. It achieved 85.155% accuracy, high precision, recall, and an AUC of 96.8% on an 80:20 data split. Its fast classification time (0.000998 seconds) makes it suitable for real-time sentiment analysis, validating its use for political events. Future applications may incorporate advanced techniques like BERT for more sophisticated analysis.

Fiduciary collateral as a type of collateral gives the rights of executorial to creditors to do parate execution on the object of fiduciary collateral when a debtor defaults. In practice, however, collateral misuses this right illegally. This becomes the basics for Judicial Review agains Article 15, paraghraphs 2 and 3 of Law No. 42/1999, and the Constitutional Court issued the Ruling No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019. Therefore in this thesis the formulation of the problem raised is first, when a debtor is considered to have committed an act of default, and secondly, it delves into the creditor's execution procedure and the ratio decidendi related to Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019. The research use descriptive juridicial normative method. The data were gathered by conducting library research. The result of the analysis shows that Ruling does not impede the right of executing by creditors so that it is in accordance with the executorial right in fiduciary collateral. So, there are two possible ways for a debtor to be declared in default: firstly, the agreement of default is stipulated during the main agreement and the initial fiduciary collateral agreement. Secondly, the default is determined by the district court in order to execute the fiduciary collateral object.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the fulfillment of socio-economic rights of the community in Rote Ndao Regency, as one of the underdeveloped regions in Indonesia, and to identify the obstacles faced by the local government in its efforts to fulfill them. Socio-economic rights, such as access to education, health, employment, and public services, are part of the human rights guaranteed by the constitution. However, their implementation often encounters various obstacles in areas with less developed socio-economic conditions. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document studies, and field observations. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of socio-economic rights in Rote Ndao Regency is still not optimal. This can be seen from the low level of community access to educational facilities, health services, and basic infrastructure. On the other hand, the local government faces a number of significant obstacles, such as budget constraints, lack of adequate infrastructure, low quality of human resources, geographical barriers, and weak coordination between agencies. As a solution, this study recommends increasing budget allocations for priority sectors, developing basic infrastructure, improving the quality of human resources through education and training, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. In addition, active community involvement in the planning and implementation of development programs is also very important to improve the effectiveness of policies. The results of this study are expected to contribute to local governments and other stakeholders in formulating more effective strategies to accelerate the fulfillment of people's socio-economic rights, while improving the quality of life in Rote Ndao Regency.

The term cooperative is certainly familiar to us. If referring to Law No. 17 of 2012 article 1, a cooperative is defined as a legal entity established by an individual or a cooperative legal entity, with the separation of the wealth of its members as capital to run a business, which meets common aspirations and needs. In its implementation, cooperatives not only have goals, principles or principles, but also a foundation. As a unique business entity, cooperatives are different from other business entities. In this case, it can be seen from its membership, where cooperative members are known to have dual identities. Dual identity here means that cooperative members are owners and also users of cooperative services. Indonesian cooperatives are the identity of Indonesian business entities that are established on various foundations. The foundation of this cooperative includes ideal, constitutional, mental and operational foundations.   

To carry out the constitutional mandate to overcome the very complex problems arising among youth, the Indonesian government, through the BKKBN organization, has launched a program called Generasi Beplan, or GenRe for short, for teenagers. Planning Generation, integrated into the Youth/Student Information and Consulting Center (PIK R/M), aims to provide communication, information, and education services to reproductive health adolescents to create quality adolescents. Many countries have issued regulations on reproductive health services, but implementation is still limited. The author uses a qualitative research method using a descriptive analysis method. The data collected is secondary data in the form of legal regulations related to adolescent reproductive health services. The results of this study indicate that UKM PIK-M Garuda Bhakta has implemented adolescent reproductive health services in the form of KIE provided during peer teacher training. At the same time, KIE (communication, information, and education) is provided formally and informally, as well as activities that empower the younger generation as peer educators. Therefore, implementation of adolescent reproductive health services at Bhakti Wiyata Kediri Institute of Medical Sciences through UKM PIK-M Garuda Bhakta has been carried out in accordance with the constitutional provisions of PP No. 61 of 2014.

The Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional state, as specified in Article 1, Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. As a nation that upholds the rule of law as the highest authority in its governmental system, the existence of the Judiciary plays a central role as an absolute requirement for upholding the supremacy of law to ensure justice. According to the provisions of Article 24, Paragraph (2), the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are institutions with the highest authority in enforcing law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. The 2024 Indonesian Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, also known as the 2024 Presidential Election, is the fifth such election in Indonesia to choose the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this election triggered various reactions from different groups. Criticism of the results, particularly from opposing candidates, was not uncommon. This debate occurred not only among political elites but also within the broader community. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the results of the 2024 Presidential Election and its impact on Indonesia's political and legal systems. This research employs a normative juridical legal approach, using library research as the primary data source. The study reveals that in resolving disputes over the 2024 Presidential Election results, the Constitutional Court considered valid and relevant evidence, despite dissenting opinions from some judges. The decision's impact-both in terms of the winner's legitimacy and public perception-can either enhance or deteriorate public views on the quality of Indonesia's democracy. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the role of the Constitutional Court in safeguarding electoral integrity, addressing political controversies, and its implications for Indonesia's future political system.

Guarantee fiduciary guarantees play an important role in economic financing in Indonesia. However, implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution often leads to legal conflicts, especially the abuse of executorial power by creditors. Court Decision Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 changes the execution mechanism to better protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. This raises the need to reformulate Perkap No. 8/2011 to be relevant to the changes.changes. Research This research uses a normative method that analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related laws and regulations, the principles of justice, and their compatibility with social dynamics. The focus is to review the relevance and weaknesses of Perkap No. 8/2011 after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Constitutional Court's ruling limits unilateral execution and requires an acknowledgment of default or a court decision before execution. default or court decision before execution is carried out. This increases the protection of debtors' rights, but also adds procedural burdens for creditors. for creditors. The reformulation of Perkap No. 8/2011 is necessary to ensure that execution is more fair and lawful. The reformulation should include mechanisms that prioritize legality, protection of debtor rights, and oversight of abuse. monitoring against abuse. Synergy between the court, the police, and related parties need to be strengthened to create a balanced and transparent legal ecosystem and transparent.

The DI/TII social movement, which began on August 7, 1949, emerged as a result of socio-political tensions, particularly resistance to the Reorganization and Rationalization (Rera) policy. This movement aimed to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia and arose as a reaction to government policies perceived as inconsistent with Islamic principles. Discontent among former TNI soldiers and local militias due to the Rera policy fueled the movement, with many of these disillusioned individuals joining DI/TII. On February 10–11, 1948, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo and Raden Oni organized a conference of Islamic leaders, during which the idea of forming the Islamic State of Indonesia (Negara Islam Indonesia, NII) was introduced. Kartosuwiryo declared himself the Grand Imam of the Islamic State of Indonesia. The widespread and massive expansion of this movement increasingly disrupted society, as it involved acts of extortion and armed resistance, creating unrest and opposition among the population. In response, the Indonesian government adopted a responsive legal approach, reflected in measures such as the enactment of the Emergency Law of 1949 and the re-adoption of the 1945 Constitution, which included restrictions in Article 28J(2). Various efforts were undertaken to address the situation, including the deployment of military operations to suppress the rebellion and restore stability.

The constitutional procedural law in Indonesia plays a crucial role in upholding constitutional supremacy, with the Constitutional Court (MK) serving as the guardian that reviews laws and resolves constitutional disputes. This article discusses the procedural law in MK, the challenges it faces, and its impact on law enforcement and justice in Indonesia. The enforcement of justice in Indonesia remains far from ideal, reflected in the chaotic legal system, structure, and culture. This study examines the Kanjuruhan Tragedy to provide an insight into the practice of law enforcement. The findings show that the state is legally responsible for the incident due to its failure to protect and fulfill the human rights of the victims. However, law enforcement in Indonesia remains discriminatory, sharp against the lower classes, yet blunt against the elites. It is hoped that law enforcement officers and the government will be more attentive and aware of the importance of fair justice enforcement, ensuring that all citizens receive legal certainty, order, and protection based on truth and justice.

Indonesia, as a country with a pluralistic legal system, faces challenges in harmonizing customary law and state law, particularly in resolving disputes over customary land that involve traditional values of indigenous communities. This study aims to analyze how customary values are integrated with state law through a case study of court decision Number 94/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap. The research employs a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques applied to court decision documents, supported by relevant literature reviews. The findings reveal that the court in this case not only applied positive legal norms but also considered relevant customary aspects, including the legitimacy of indigenous leaders and the recognition of communal land rights (ulayat). The panel of judges issued a decision that accommodated customary values in accordance with Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, while still adhering to the formal procedures of state law. This study identifies challenges in integrating customary law into the national legal system, such as the lack of formal regulations related to customary courts and the limited understanding of legal officers regarding local cultural contexts.

In order to preserve and uphold the honor, dignity, and the behavior of the judge is required to supervise the attitude of the constitutional judge to fit the code of ethics, so that each judge's ruling will be implemented in order to enforce the law and justice based on Pancasila and the Constitution 1945 asapermanent legal political for supervision of the constitutional judges . Meanwhile legal politics incidental that becomes a choice among others: a) Behavior of Constitutional Judges are supervised by the Board of Ethics established by the Constitutional Court, and for the reported judges or suspected violations of ethic codes of Constitutional Judges formed by Honorary Council of Constitutional Judges who were proposed by Ethics Council, with the task of implementing and serving as judicial ethic; and b) there is no judicial supervision against Constitutional Court's decision as well as supervision of a court decision which was in the Supreme Court through the mechanism of legal remedies ( ordinary and extraordinary).