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The implementation of the ijon system by the community, especially farmers, has become a habit that has been passed down from generation to generation and has become entrenched in a number of areas, including Gorontalo. The 1945 Constitution, especially in Article 18B paragraph two (2) which reads that the State recognizes and respects customary law community units along with their traditional rights as long as they are still alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is regulated in law. Even so, buying and selling under the debt bondage system, in the eyes of the law, is strictly prohibited because in buying and selling the bonded bond system is very unclear because this is a form of extortion that can harm other people. The sale and purchase of the ijon system has also been confirmed in article 8 paragraph 3 of Law number 2 of 1960 concerning production sharing agreements, which reads: "payments by anyone, including owners and cultivators, to cultivators or owners in whatever form they have elements of ijon, are prohibited". The provisions used as the legal basis for the use of standard contracts in Indonesia are Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code which stipulates: "all agreements made legally apply as laws for those who make them" from the words all can be interpreted that every legal subject can make an agreement with any content, there is freedom of the legal subject to determine the form of the agreement. In other words, through the principle of freedom of contract, legal subjects have the freedom to make agreements, including opening opportunities for legal subjects to make new agreements that have not been regulated in the Civil Code so that they can follow the needs of society due to the times

Kalirungkut Village is an area that has various potentials. One of the superior potentials of the village located in Rungkut District, Surabaya is Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Many MSME actors have joined the Kalirungkut MSME Association. Association member products are dominated by food and beverages. In addition, there are several MSMEs selling crafts. On the other hand, running a business is not an easy thing. Many MSME actors are constrained, both internal and external constraints. Based on surveys and observations, the main problem faced by members of the Kalirungkut MSME Association is marketing which is still simple and traditional so that it affects the slow, even stagnant, development of MSMEs. Therefore, the East Java MBKM "Veteran" UPN "Veteran" KKNT Group of 85 took the initiative to organize digital marketing socialization which aims to provide knowledge and skills to market products digitally. This socialization had a positive impact in the form of increasing the awareness of MSME actors to start engaging in digital marketing.

This research aims to explore the implementation of e-learning strategies for enhancing second language acquisition in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah through a library research approach. The study investigates the key e-learning strategies employed in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and explores their differences from traditional classroom approaches. It exploress the effectiveness of e-learning in enhancing second language acquisition for students, considering factors such as age, gender, and language proficiency level. Additionally, the role of interactive multimedia tools in supporting second language acquisition and its engagement with students in the learning process is explored. The extent to which e-learning platforms in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah offer personalized learning experiences tailored to individual students' needs and learning styles, and its impact on second language acquisition outcomes are studied. Finally, the challenges faced by teachers in implementing e-learning strategies for second language acquisition and the measures taken to address these challenges effectively are discussed. This research provides valuable insights into the use of e-learning strategies to enhance second language acquisition in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, offering practical implications for educators and policymakers in the field of language education.  

Financial bookkeeping in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in rural areas is crucial to effectively manage finances and improve the quality of financial reports. However, many MSMEs operators are reluctant to engage in financial bookkeeping due to perceiving it as a cumbersome process. Nizam Jaya is one of the MSMEs located in the Ngampungan Village, Bareng District, Jombang Regency, and it specializes in banana chips production. Nizam Jaya faces challenges in promoting their business through word-of-mouth and using traditional and manual bookkeeping methods. Hence, the students of the Community Service Program (KKN) Thematic 5 conducted a bookkeeping awareness campaign using an easily understandable approach for the villagers. The aim of this service is to assist Nizam Jaya in improving their bookkeeping practices, maintaining price stability, increasing sales, and introducing their banana chips product to the broader market.

Raj'I divorces is one of the applicable divorces in Indonesia, regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 117 and Law Number 1 1974 concerning Marriage which is outlined in the divorce. This article will discuss the relevance of the religious court regulation as a form of actualization of the settlement of Raj'I divorce which can be caused by many things, such as infidelity as happened based on decision Number 2143/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Btm located in Batam, Riau Islands, Indonesia, due to the betrayal of the husband, so they decided to divorce. This research also uses a qualitative approach and secondary data. The result of the research conducted is that the procedural law has clearly regulated and relevant to the regulation of raj'I divorces in Indonesia. This refers to the arrangement of raj'I divorces which is not only regulated through national law but also through Islamic law which has been in line with social, cultural and traditions in the community. The existence of raj'i divorce is only one of several types of divorce regulated through Islamic law and can be integrated with the Muslim community in Indonesia.    

The rapid development of internet technology in the current era has changed the paradigm of traditional marketing into digital marketing using internet media, which is known as digital marketing. Digital marketing plays an important role in the success of MSME marketing because it allows analysis of new target markets, consumer behavior and product information. However, only a few MSMEs have an understanding of this digital technology-based marketing strategy. As a form of contribution to community service, students from UPN "Veteran" East Java invited and provided an understanding to the Super Klasik Feed MSME about the importance of digital marketing as a marketing strategy. The methods used include observation, interviews, digital marketing implementation, and activity evaluation. The results obtained by MSME Feed Super Klasik are an understanding of the importance of digital marketing as a marketing strategy, and students succeed in sharing knowledge through the implementation of creating Instagram social media accounts.

The Mangongkal Holi tradition which is carried out at each event makes the writer interested in researching it because in its implementation there are symbols and behaviors/activities that are interconnected and have their own meaning. What is the importance of the Mangongkal Holi tradition for the Toba Batak people so that this tradition must be carried out. This study uses descriptive analysis with qualitative research, which emphasizes the perspectives, ways of life, tastes or expressions of emotions and beliefs from the people studied regarding the problems studied which are also data. In this study the authors used a descriptive research method with a qualitative method. Therefore, the research subjects were traditional leaders, families who carry out the Mangongkal Holi ceremony, and local residents in North Sumatra. And the object of this research is the symbolic meaning of the Mangongkal Holi ceremony for the Toba Batak people in North Sumatra. Purposive sampling technique used to take informants.

Research on the analysis of "Values ​​and Functions of Tradision Manten Mubeng Gapura at mosque Wali At-Taqwa Loram Kulon Kudus" was conducted in Loram Kulon Village, Jati District, Kudus Regency, Central Java. This study uses a qualitative descrptif approach. Data collection techniques through literature, observation, interviews, recording, writing and taking pictures. The results of this study obtained the values ​​and functions of the manten mubeng gapura padureksan tradition, the values ​​associated with this tradition are religious values ​​and cultural values ​​while its function is as a medium of da'wah and to introduce if a Muslim must have a sense of responsibility and not leave obligations.

Micro, Small Enterprises, dUMKM) play an important role in the community's economy, especially in creating jobs and driving economic growth. However, MSMEs often face challenges in dealing with increasingly fierce competition and changes in market trends. In the digital era that continues to develop, the development of digitalization of MSME businesses has become an urgent need to increase their competitiveness. The development of digitalization of MSME businesses opens up great opportunities for business growth and development. By using digital technology and online platforms, MSMEs can expand their market reach and reach potential consumers in various regions. Through digital marketing, MSMEs can promote their products or services more efficiently than traditional methods. In addition, by leveraging digital data and analytics, MSMEs can better understand consumer behavior and optimize their marketing strategies. However, the development of digitalization of MSME businesses also faces several challenges. One of them is limited access and understanding of digital technology. Many SMEs do not have sufficient knowledge or resources to utilize technology effectively. In addition, data security and privacy are important concerns for MSMEs in adopting digitization. MSMEs also have to face increasing competition from large companies that have greater resources to invest in digital technology.

This article was written with the aim of understanding the relationship between congregational worship and preaching properly. From this we can draw a question about what if there is no sermon in a service? can it still be said to be a worship that is in accordance with what God has commanded? So we can see that the sermon is the essence of worship. Likewise the presence of the congregation is also very important. because the benefit of the sermon is to educate, advise, admonish and teach His congregation to live according to God's Word. Preaching is one way to convey God's message. in the Christian tradition, this message is based on what is written in the Bible. Sermons can also help congregations to understand God's will in their lives. So the sermon has an important role in the growth of the congregation's faith. where what is conveyed is not only a blessing but a rebuke of sin, an introduction to Jesus Christ and the salvation that comes from Jesus Christ. So worship, congregation and preaching have a close relationship.

Society always experiences critical periods in social life. This critical situations raises people’s trust in everything that is metaphysical as an alternative to solving problems in their social life. Rural communities, especially the people of Banyuwangi, are very thick with cultural values and spritual beliefs that are influenced by osing customs as a history of Blambangan. This study aims to analyze the habitus, capital realm, and social practices of the Kemiren Village community related to culture. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approch to understand the social setting of Kemiren village. The theory used in this study is sosial practice theory from Pierre Bordieu. The locatin of this research was conducted in the Kemiren Traditional Tourism Village, Banyuwangi regency. The subjects of this research are the community and customary stakeholders who act as cultural agents in customary and cultural social practices. The results of this study indicate that the habitus of the Kemiren village community in carrying out varios traditional rituals. The habitus of community rituals is influenced by internalization and socila structure in the meaning of cultural values carried out by the Kemiren village community. The dominant village community capital and cultural agent is social capital. Cultural agents and the village community have good realtions that are able to create economic benefits and recognition from the Tourism Office and Banyuwangi Goverment.

The purpose of this research is to find out what are the values contained in the traditional tedak siten (down the ground) traditions in Pematang Duku Timur village, Bengkalis sub- district, this research is a qualitative research that focuses on the values ​​contained in the traditional tedak traditions. siten. The source of this data came from religious leaders, the community and village midwives in the village of Pematang Duku Timur. Data collection techniques used interviews and documentation. data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion verification. The results of his research are the values ​​contained in the tedak siten tradition in Pematang Duku Timur, Bengkalis sub- district, namely: the value of tolerance, the value, the value of strengthening silaturrahmi ties, the value of endeavor, the value of strengthening family relationships, the value of love for the Prophet, then the value of gratitude.

K-Pop, has become increasingly popular in Ponorogo in recent years. One significant impact of this popularity is the change in the clothing fashion of teenagers in Ponorogo. This article will discuss the influence of K-Pop culture on teenagers' clothing fashion in Ponorogo. K-Pop has brought a different and unique fashion style, which influences fashion trends in Ponorogo. Ponorogo teenagers are especially impressed by the styles popularized by K-Pop stars, including hairstyles, make-up, and accessories. The fashion industry in Korea has grown rapidly along with the popularity of K-Pop, and this has also had an impact on fashion in Ponorogo. Several Korean fashion brands have entered the Ponorogo market and offer products inspired by K-Pop fashion styles. As a result, the influence of K-Pop culture on teenagers' clothing fashion in Ponorogo is significant. There is a shift in fashion trends from the traditional Ponorogo style to the more modern and unique K-Pop style. However, this can also lead to problems such as an imbalance between indigenous and imported cultures. Overall, the influence of K-Pop culture on teenagers' clothing fashion in Ponorogo has brought many changes and become a popular trend. However, it is important for P communities to maintain their cultural identity and not be overly influenced by outside cultures.

This research discusses the activities of housewives in using E-Commerce, which have a positive impact. It is a process of changing the activities of housewives who used to shop for goods traditionally or conventionally to digital. The rapid development of technology is what ultimately led to the change in the activities of housewives, where they used to transact face-to-face with sellers and buyers, but now sellers and buyers only transact virtually or online using E-Commerce. This research uses a qualitative research method, where the researcher aims to describe and analyze the changes in the behavior of housewives related to E-Commerce activities from offline to all-online systems. Social change in housewives is not a result or product, but a process. This process of change is, of course, the result of an agreement or joint decision made by individuals or a community.

. This study discusses the impact of the development of agricultural technology for the community which initially traditionally became more modern in Bukur Village, Jiwan District, Madiun Regency, East Java Province. Advances in agricultural technology have brought significant changes to society. The impacts of the changes can change the lifestyle and work of farmers. This study uses a qualitative method where researchers have the aim of analyzing the impact of agricultural technology on social change in society. Social change in society is not a result or product but a process. This process of change is of course the result of an agreement or joint decision taken by an individual or a community group. The decisions taken are of course in accordance with the wishes or expectations of the group so that social change can be realized. However, the application of technology does not always have a positive impact, sometimes there are negative things with several obstacles. Some of the obstacles encountered in the process of community empowerment using technology, one of which is secondary human needs that arise after their primary needs are met.  

History of the Development of Philosophy We can conclude that Philosophy, as a scientific discipline that questions the nature of existence, knowledge, values, and reality, has gone through a long journey and is full of revolutionary thoughts throughout human history. The development of this philosophy not only reflects changes in human views of the world, but also emerges as a response to intellectual challenges, social changes, and scientific developments that have occurred from time to time. The earliest period in the history of the development of philosophy is the philosophy of ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, philosophers such as Thales, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle introduced fundamental questions about the universe, ethics, politics, and knowledge. They try to understand the universe and human place in it through reason and reason. After the Greek classical period, philosophy underwent changes during the medieval period. During this time, Patristic and Scholastic philosophy became dominant. Patristic philosophy is closely related to early Christian thought and the influence of Church Fathers such as St. Augustine. At the same time, Scholastic philosophy, influenced by the work of Aristotle, attempted to integrate philosophy with Christian theology. The next period in the history of philosophy is the Age of Enlightenment, during which philosophy underwent major shifts. Philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, and Voltaire advocated ideas of rationality, freedom, and scientific progress. They challenge traditional dogma and authority and advance knowledge through rational thinking and the scientific method. The development of modern philosophy also includes schools such as German idealism led by figures such as Kant, Hegel, and Schopenhauer. They focus on thinking about consciousness, ideals, and oneness in search of an understanding of reality. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, important schools such as empiricism and utilitarianism emerged. Philosophers such as John Locke, David Hume, and Jeremy Bentham stressed the importance of experience and utility as the foundations of knowledge and ethics. Then, pragmatism and the analytic school, pioneered by figures such as William James, Bertrand Russell, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, put forward the practical use of knowledge and language in achieving a better understanding. Contemporary philosophy involves various schools of thought. Schools such as phenomenology (Husserl), existentialism (Sartre, Camus), hermeneutics (Gadamer, Ricoeur), and structure.      

This research is a study that describes linguistics and science that studies humans and culture as a whole. Researchers review this case through two fields, namely, Psycholinguistics and Anthropolinguistics. The field of Psycholinguistics is the science of language that studies the relationship between psychology and language. Meanwhile, Anthropolinguistics is the study of humankind from its culture and traditions. This study aims to find out how the encouragement of the culture they adhere to, and to find out the process of children aged around 9 to 11 years in obtaining, knowing and learning Mustholahat Arabic through social media, especially on the YouTube platform. Which often displays Arabic-based content in the form of Vlogs, Pranks and the like. While the techniques used to examine this research are listening techniques and interview techniques to the research object. The method used to study this study is a descriptive quantitative method. With this method, it is expected to find patterns formed in these children in obtaining Mustholahat Arabic through social media. And the results of this study will explain how the process of these children obtaining Mustholahat and applying it in everyday life. And also this research will explain the impact of social media for children aged 9 to 11 years in learning Arabic through social media.

This paper was compiled and created to study and analyze the implementation process and religious values ​​contained in the jeguran tradition at the first syuro night commemoration in Kajen village, Kab. Pati. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques in this study through observation and interviews. The research subject is the jeguran tradition at the first syuro night commemoration in Kajen village, District Pati. The object of research is the people in the village of Kajen, District Pati. The results in this study found that this tradition had prior preparation in its implementation. Preparation begins with a committee meeting, reading prayers, and draining the pond which is used as a ritual place to be filled with clean water. Then the implementation is carried out after isya or around 19.00 WIB until midnight alternating between children and adults. There are religious values ​​contained in this tradition, including monotheistic values, worship values, integrity values, struggle values, trust values, brotherhood values, and Islamic boarding school values ​​(simplicity, humbleness, and patience).    

Quantum-Inspired Algorithms (QIAs) combine principles of quantum computing with classical evolutionary strategies to address complex optimization problems. This research explores the potential of QIAs in improving optimization processes, particularly in combinatorial and multi-objective optimization scenarios. The study focuses on the application of Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithms (QIGAs) and Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithms (QIEAs), assessing their effectiveness in solving classical problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). Through computational simulations, the research compares the time convergence and solution accuracy of QIAs against traditional classical algorithms. The findings demonstrate that QIAs achieve faster convergence rates and higher-quality solutions, with accuracy levels reaching 98-99% of the global optimal solutions, while significantly reducing computational time. These results underline the advantages of QIAs in solving large and complex optimization problems, making them a promising alternative to traditional algorithms. Additionally, QIAs excel in avoiding local minima, a common pitfall of classical methods, due to their ability to explore the solution space more efficiently through quantum principles like superposition and interference. The implications of this study suggest that QIAs can be a valuable tool for tackling real-world optimization challenges, with potential applications in fields such as finance, logistics, telecommunications, and energy management. The research also indicates the necessity for further improvements in quantum-inspired algorithms' scalability and hardware integration, particularly for larger, more intricate optimization problems, to fully realize their potential in practical industrial applications.

Rare diseases present a significant challenge in diagnosis due to their low prevalence and the limited awareness among healthcare professionals. The emergence of genomic technologies, particularly Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), has revolutionized the diagnosis of rare diseases by enabling the identification of genetic variations associated with these conditions. This technology offers improved accuracy and speed compared to traditional clinical diagnostic methods, which are often time-consuming and insufficient for rare genetic conditions. This study explores the application of genomic technology in identifying rare diseases in Indonesia, highlighting its effectiveness, accuracy, and the challenges involved in its implementation. The research employed genomic testing techniques, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to identify genetic mutations associated with rare diseases in patients. The findings of the study demonstrate that genomic technology significantly reduces the time required for diagnosis, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic conditions. Diseases such as Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis, which are rarely diagnosed through traditional clinical methods, were successfully identified using genomic technologies. However, challenges persist in the implementation of genomic technology in Indonesia, including limited infrastructure, high costs, and a lack of specialized training for healthcare professionals. Despite these barriers, the findings underscore the potential of genomic technologies to improve the diagnosis and management of rare diseases in Indonesia. The study concludes by recommending further investments in infrastructure, the training of healthcare professionals, and the development of supportive policies to facilitate the widespread adoption of genomic technologies in the healthcare system, particularly for the diagnosis of rare diseases.