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Multinational corporations are involved in a country's economic sector because they are important in absorbing labor and increasing a country's per capita income. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of detailed knowledge about multinational companies that may have some impact on Indonesia's economy. The research method used is a qualitative research method using the technique of collecting library research data using multiple references and information from relevant institutions of the Indonesian economy. The findings show that the role of multinational corporations has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the role of Multinationals could provide Indonesia with adequate opportunities to develop the country's economic sector through Indonesia's foreign exchange contributions. Apart from that, Indonesia is attracting attention from other countries as other countries believe that Indonesia can increase foreign investment due to Indonesia's rich resource potential and emphasis on labor wages in developing countries like Indonesia increasingly recognized. On the negative side, the Indonesian government does not emphasize multinational companies in terms of domestic trade and industry regulations, providing opportunities for domestic companies to compete domestically.

Deli Serdang Regency Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2021 concerning Waste Management is a regional regulation which aims to create a Deli Serdang Regency that is clean, neat, cool and shady. Current human activities cannot be separated from producing organic and non-organic waste, which if not managed properly can cause visual disturbances, threats to public health, and environmental pollution. This research aims to analyze the extent of implementation of Deli Serdang Regency Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2021 concerning Waste Management. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods were used to analyze data from questionnaires distributed to the public and cleaning staff. Qualitative methods were used to analyze data from observations made at several waste management locations in Deli Serdang Regency. The results of the research show that the implementation of the Deli Serdang Regency Regional Regulation, especially No. 4 of 2021 regarding waste management, can be said to have not been implemented optimally. This is because from observations made and also surveys through distributing questionnaires to the community, it was found that there are still many people in VIII Medan Estate hamlet, most of whom are still unaware of the existence of regulations governing waste management. As a result, local community participation decreases and the community may not be involved in activities such as socialization related to waste management.  

The Indonesian Constitutional Court in its judicial review of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 stated that Article 268 paragraph (3) regarding the limit on filing for judicial review of criminal cases is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and has no binding legal force. The Supreme Court responded to the decision by issuing Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 07/2014 which continues to limit judicial review to only one time based on the Judicial Power Act and the Supreme Court Act. Departing from regulatory dualism, this paper formulates the problem of the legal products issued by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court in terms of material testing of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code. This study uses normative legal research methods through a review of literature sources. Through Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory, this study found that first, the position of the SEMA was issued even though it was in accordance with existing laws and regulations, but this decision was contrary to Gustav Radbruch's Legal Theory. Second, the legal consequences after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Supreme Court through SEMA that limits the filing of judicial review to one time is legally flawed both in terms of substance and formal formation because it contradicts the Constitutional Court Decision.

The military intervention carried out by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the conflict in Intan Jaya Regency, Papua, has raised serious concerns regarding compliance with legal standards and human rights (HAM). The actions of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) which resulted in the deaths of three Papuans raise doubts about respect for individual rights to life and security. In conflict situations, it is important to ensure that human rights, especially the right to life, are respected and protected. For example, in Law no. 34 of 2004 which regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in peaceful conditions, allows the use of weapons only with written permission from superiors and in the context of maintaining security and requested. In the context of this case, the shooting at the Sugapa Community Health Center did not have written permission from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) superiors, which is a serious violation of law. This violation raises questions about the accountability of security forces and the need for law enforcement in cases of gun shooting by members of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) outside of emergency situations. The situation in Papua creates ongoing challenges. Armed groups in the region often threaten national security and the safety of security forces. In the face of serious threats to state sovereignty, the government, and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) may feel forced to take decisive action. However, these actions must still comply with legal and human rights standards and ensure that human rights and the right to life of individuals are fully respected. This research is normative in nature with a focus on analysis of the legal framework that regulates the use of weapons by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). Normative research methods are used to state consistency and compliance with applicable regulations. Through this approach, the research aims to provide a legal perspective on erasure actions in Papua, as well as asking whether these steps are in accordance with applicable legal and human rights principles. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for recommending improvements to policies and actions that support law enforcement and human rights protection in the context of conflict in Papua

Local Own Revenue is income earned by a region that is collected based on regional regulations in accordance with statutory regulations. the research data used is secondary data obtained from UPPD Kota Semarang II in 2018-2022. the study population is the taxpayer and retribution. The number of samples for 5 consecutive years, so that the total research data amounted to 240 data selected using the saturation sampling method. This study used multiple regression analysis and SPSS. the result obtained is that motor vehicle tax revenue has a positive effect. Surface water tax revenues have a significant negative effect, and regional wealth usage retribution receipts have no effect on regional own-source revenues in Central Java province.

Comparative law as a science in the Western world is a very young branch of science, only growing rapidly at the end of the 19th century or at the beginning of the 20th century. Previously, efforts had been made to compare several systems with each other, but at that time It cannot be said that research has been carried out using a comparative method carried out systematically and continuously with the aim of achieving a certain goal. The method used is library research, collecting data by searching for sources and constructing them from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. In its development, this legal system recognized the division of public law and private law. Public law includes legal regulations that regulate the power and authority of the ruler/state as well as the relationships between society and the state (the same as public law in the Anglo-Saxon legal system). Private Law includes legal regulations that regulate relationships between individuals in meeting their daily needs. The values ​​of the western legal system are not in accordance with the noble values ​​of the Indonesian nation, resulting in a gap between the law and the Indonesian society it regulates. The customary law system has its values ​​in certain indigenous communities, can only be believed and practiced by indigenous communities, and cannot be ratified as national law, and the Islamic legal system's values ​​are believed and practiced by the majority of Indonesian people nationally.

  Pancasila contains five basic meanings that are interrelated with the nation's history, national ideology, ethics and various other aspects. Ethics is a system of values ​​or moral norms that serve as guidelines for a person or group of people to behave and act. The application of Pancasila in life can be said to be still not fully implemented. There are still various deviations from Pancasila values. Deviations that can still be seen clearly are forest fires. Various irresponsible human actions such as cutting down trees on a large scale and throwing cigarette butts carelessly are the causes of forest fires. The importance of forests for the survival of life is one of the important factors for the need for forest protection. Humans are required to have good ethics and are in harmony with the nation's ideology. Regarding this matter, Pancasila is emphasizing in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as a guide, source of law, and legal principles in drafting laws and regulations regarding the environment, especially forests. Keywords: Pancasila, nation, ethics

This scientific work assignment discusses legal policies in optimizing local original income in the city of Pekanbaru. This research aims to explore an in-depth understanding of the role of legal policy in increasing local revenue in the region. In this study, an analysis of the applicable rules and regulations and their impact on potential regional financial revenues was carried out. The research methodology used includes document analysis, interviews, and comparative studies with similar cities. The results of this research can provide a clearer view of the importance of legal policy in supporting regional economic growth and provide recommendations for further improvement. It is hoped that this research will be an important contribution to the practical and academic understanding of this issue in the Pekanbaru city.

Abstract. Growing awareness of environmental issues has encouraged companies to consider environmental impacts in their operations. The integration of environmental accounting becomes a key focus for measuring, reporting and managing these impacts, creating better engagement in sustainable practices. This article aims to investigate the benefits of environmental accounting integration in the context of comprehensive business performance and accountability. We seek to identify direct links between this integration and business performance, as well as explore its impact on corporate accountability for environmental impacts. This research uses a literature study approach by conducting a comprehensive literature review to collect information from various academic and practical sources. Literature analysis was conducted to summarize key findings and identify trends and knowledge gaps. The integration of environmental accounting has a positive impact in increasing operational efficiency, supporting sustainable innovation, and strengthening the company's image through accountability and transparency. Strategic decisions based on environmental accounting information can increase engagement in sustainable business practices and ensure compliance with regulations.

Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages gives broad authority to villages to regulate and manage the various needs and interests of the community. Village government officials are required to have the capacity to draft regulations in the village. However, the facts show that the capacity of the village government apparatus is still weak in forming regulations in the village, especially the preparation of evidence-based village regulations. This fact also occurred in Maros Regency, especially in Moncongloe District. This phenomenon underlies the importance of conducting training for village apparatus in drafting regulations in the village. This technical guidance was carried out for 8 hours in the Hall of the Moncongloe District Office and was attended by 30 people and facilitated by a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University. To find out the effectiveness of this training, a pre-test evaluation was carried out at the beginning and a post-test at the end of the training. The results of the evaluation showed that there was an effect of the training on the participants, namely increasing their knowledge of evidence-based technical regulations in villages.

Land acquisition has been regulated through Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning land acquisition for development in the public interest, and Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2012 concerning the implementation of land acquisition for development in the public interest, as well as Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency number 5 of 2012 concerning technical guidelines for the implementation of land acquisition. The purpose of this community service is to increase the understanding and knowledge of regional heads, local government agencies, and especially the community about land acquisition for Temporary Shelters and Integrated Waste Disposal Sites of the Banjarbaru City Environmental Service. The specific target of this community service is for regional heads, local government agencies, and especially the community to know the regulations or policies in the land acquisition mechanism as well as the process of valuation and calculation of Fair Replacement Value or Market Value in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. Community service activities carried out by the team by educating the process and stages of land acquisition according to regulations for Temporary Shelters and Integrated Waste Disposal Sites of the Banjarbaru City Environmental Service have received a positive response. In socialization, the Government and the private sector are asked to work together to create and develop an environment for land acquisition for temporary shelters and integrated landfills that allow for private sector growth. Meanwhile, the community includes the participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries of development policies.

Land ownership rights are one of the fundamental human rights. However, land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners are specifically regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations. These provisions aim to maintain state sovereignty and prevent land control by foreign parties. Based on Indonesian laws and regulations, Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners can only have rights to certain land, namely use rights, rental rights for buildings, ownership rights to apartment units, and ownership rights to residential or residential houses. Ownership rights to land can only be owned by Indonesian citizens. This research aims to examine the regulation of land ownership rights for Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners in Indonesian legislation. The law regarding mixed marriages is regulated in Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In essence, mixed marriages allow Indonesian citizens to choose the citizenship they will follow, whether the citizenship of the husband or wife, in line with the provisions of Article 26 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian citizens who undergo mixed marriages have the possibility to create a marriage agreement that allows the separation of property between spouses during the marriage period, while maintaining their citizenship status..    

Personal Hygiene can affect food contamination for several factors including the cleanliness of tableware because the human body can also be a source of pollution including to tableware if it does not maintain cleanliness. Contamination does not occur in food and water sources alone, but food equipment that does not meet health requirements is also a cause. In Indonesia, regulations have been made in the form of Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.1096 / Menkes / SK / VI / 2011 that for sanitary hygiene requirements for catering services, the number of germs on tableware is 0 (zero). To find out Personal hygiene and bacterial examination of the number of germs on the tableware of salad vendors in the Natsepa Beach Tourism Area, Salahutu District. This type of research is descriptive research with laboratory analysis. The population in this study were 22 salad vendors. The samples used were 5 (five) salad vendors and their cutlery in the Natsepa Beach Tourism Area, Salahutu District. The results of the study have been carried out that the examination of the number of germs on five cutlery plates found in salad vendors I, salad vendors II, salad vendors III, salad vendors IV, and salad vendors V with criteria does not meet the requirements in accordance with Permenkes No. 1096 / Menkes / Per / VI / 2011 which is 0 CFU /cm3.  The results showed that five food handlers for personal hygiene did not meet the requirements in the Natsepa Beach Tourism Area. Five samples of cutlery did not meet the health requirements of germ numbers exceeding the threshold value and five food handlers in the Natsepa Beach Tourism Area, Salahutu District had Personal Hygiene that did not meet the requirements.

This research analyzes strategies and policy innovations in managing natural resources and renewable energy laws in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the implemented environmental policies, the roles of central and regional governments, and the challenges in their implementation. The results show that Indonesia has implemented various policies and regulations to support sustainable natural resource management. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management is the main foundation, followed by its derivative rules. However, policy implementation still faces challenges such as land conflicts, environmental degradation, and overexploitation of natural resources. In the context of renewable energy, the government has issued fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to promote its adoption. Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2022 is an example of a policy that provides various tax incentives and licensing facilities for renewable energy projects. This study concludes that Indonesia needs a comprehensive and collaborative approach to address challenges and optimize natural resource management and renewable energy development. Recommendations include simplifying bureaucratic procedures, increasing transparency in procurement processes, and strengthening investment guarantee mechanisms to enhance private sector participation in renewable energy infrastructure development.  

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an escalating global health issue, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which complicate treatment and control efforts. Resistance to both first-line and second-line drugs weakens the effectiveness of standard WHO-recommended therapies, while alternative drugs can cause severe side effects and reduce patient adherence. This study aims to explore the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics in supporting personalized TB treatment to improve therapeutic success and reduce the risk of further resistance. The research employed a laboratory-based experimental design with a bioinformatics approach, involving TB patients with clinical evidence of drug resistance. Clinical samples were analyzed through whole genome sequencing to identify gene mutations associated with resistance, followed by pharmacogenomic mapping to predict pharmacological responses based on patients’ genetic variations. The results revealed several specific gene mutations consistently linked to resistance and produced individualized therapeutic recommendations that were more targeted than standard protocols. Effectiveness evaluation demonstrated that genome-based personalized therapy yielded higher treatment success rates, faster recovery times, and lower rates of subsequent resistance. These findings highlight the significant potential of precision medicine in TB management, particularly for resistant cases that are difficult to treat with conventional approaches. In conclusion, the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics plays an essential role in strengthening TB treatment strategies through a personalized, adaptive, effective, and sustainable approach. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and the need for clear regulations regarding the use of patients’ genomic data.

Halal SMEs in Pekalongan need to adopt a more progressive approach to remain relevant and competitive. Innovation is not just a concept but also an urgent necessity to enhance products, production processes, and marketing strategies. Halal SMEs in Pekalongan should view innovation as the key to improving their competitiveness globally. Empowering Halal SMEs through the Pekalongan Halal Special Economic Zone (KEK) should be the main focus in the strategic plan and regional economic development. This research utilizes qualitative descriptive research with an exploratory approach. It is also a type of literature study. The results of this literature review illustrate the importance of empowering Halal SMEs to achieve global competitiveness through innovation and collaboration. In the context of empowerment, crucial aspects include capital, education, training, and financial support, needed to enable SMEs to develop their production capacity and innovation. Furthermore, the Pekalongan Halal KEK plays a significant role as a facilitator of the growth of the halal economic sector. The KEK provides incentives, infrastructure, and strict regulations that encourage transparency and access to the global market for halal products.

This study aims to investigate the integration of Neo-Sufi values ​​into the Social Welfare Education curriculum in Indonesian Islamic universities. The focus of the study includes the relevance of the Neo-Sufi ethical-spiritual framework to graduate competencies, as well as an analysis of curriculum documents, conceptual models, and academic discourse. The research employs a qualitative method with a systematic literature review design, drawing from indexed scientific articles, academic regulations, and curriculum syllabi from three state Islamic universities. The findings indicate that values ​​such as empathy, justice, sincerity, and social service are implicitly present but are not yet systematically structured within the curriculum design. No operational pedagogical model was found that explicitly references Neo-Sufism. The main conclusion asserts that the integration of Neo-Sufism into the curriculum represents a transformative opportunity to develop graduates who are not only professionally competent but also spiritually grounded. Future curriculum development should include explicit modules and pedagogical strategies rooted in Sufi values.

The government has formulated the latest policy in taxation which is contained in Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations or what we often hear about as the HPP Law. Based on the situation analysis, there are still many MSMEs who have not heard, understood, and understood the changes to these regulations. Therefore, this service activity involves MSMEs actors in Pematang Serai Village as participants in this Community Service activity. The stages in this activity start from analyzing the participant's situation, reviewing and formulating activities, socializing activities, and implementing community service. Based on the results of the service that has been carried out, it can be concluded that changes related to tax regulations make this socialization and training activity important. This aims to increase the knowledge of MSMEs actors as taxpayers regarding changes to existing tax regulations.

In terms of the ratification of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation, this raises pros and cons in society. This is because the Supreme Court Constitutional Decision Number 91 / PUU-XVIII / 2020 states that Law Number 11 of 2020 is unconstitutional conditional and must be immediately revised within 2 (two) years from the time the decision is issued. One of the reasons is because in the formation of the Job Creation Law, it does not involve full community participation and is not guided by the principle of openness. But the government actually responded by issuing the Job Creation Perppu which was later passed into law by the DPR-RI. In fact, between Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation and Perppu Number 2 of 2022 concerning job creation, it is relatively the same in terms of content. This study aims to examine a legal truth related to the mechanism for ratifying Government Regulations in Lieu of Law based on actual legal provisions. One of the legal provisions in the formation of laws and regulations is to make the principle of forming laws and regulations one of the conditions that must exist in the process of forming laws. One of its principles is the principle of openness. and the method used in this study is Normative. And in the results of this study, it shows that the ratification of the Job Creation Perppu is not in accordance with the mechanism for the Establishment of Laws and Regulations because it is not guided by the principle of openness.

In Kertayasa Village there are several things that are starting to disappear from the activites usually carried out in the mosque, such as worship rituals which are carried out in congregation, religious activites and even religious education that is starting to fade. The lack of community participation in managing the prosperity of mosques in this village is caused by the management’s low knowledge of the applicable mechanisms and regulations, so that the community’s social concern for ukhuwah Islamiyah begins to decline. With this happening, because Kertayasa village is a tourist village, there is also concern. Understand, intolerance and even radicalism enter through this gap. Through public dialogue activites, optimalization of strengthening the base of the mosque prosperity council to prevent radicalism in tourist village. By providing guidance to mosque managers and providing insight into intolerance and radicalism so that mosque managers and society in general can screen for the possibility of such crimes occurring. In carrying out thus public dialogue, the mosque properity council in each hamlet and the communities involved have gained knowledge about preventing radicalism through increasing national insight, the causes of radicalism/terrorism, the legal basis for eradicating terrorism in Indonesia and efforts to improve the performance of mosque management. With this, the community at least has the provisions to recognize and prepare themselves both in strengthening mosque management and in countering ideas that are contrary to Islamic teachings