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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and constraints of Village Assistant in increasing empowerment through village-owned enterprises in the Village of pengudang. This research uses a qualitative descriptive type approach using 3 indicators of effectiveness, according to Duncan in Dewi Nurmalasari et al (2021), which are Goal Achievement, Integration and Adaptation. The results of research of achieving goals carried out by village assistants have been running according to their goals targeting people who are still lacking in understanding Bumdes, Integration, it is necessary to increase the training socialization process for each member/administrator, Adaptation, village assistants have approached and adjusted to the community especially the Bumdes management and bringing about changes in the field of administrative reporting. Then the obstacle or inhibiting factor is the lack of community participation and commitment, and changes in regulations which are obstacles in the mentoring process. The conclusion in this study is that the presence of village assistants in assisting the government in Pengudang village to increase empowerment through BUMDES can be said to have been effective according to the directions and mandate given by the central government. In the future, socialization is needed.

PT as a legal entity in carrying out legal actions must go through its management. Without a legal entity it will not work. The relationship between the directors and the company apart from being based on a working relationship, the directors also have a fiduciary relationship with the company. The Board of Directors has a fiduciary position in the company. Regarding the losses suffered by the company, both violations suffered by the company, whether violations of fiduciary obligations, ultra vires, or other mistakes committed by members of the board of directors, the shareholders of the company concerned have the right to file a derivative action (derivative action or derivative suit) against the members of the board of directors. Responsibility for the decision of the lawsuit is borne by the company. In addition, the obstacle that is often encountered in this case is that lawsuits that have been submitted to the court are often passive in handling them. An error or omission that results in a loss within the company, as the basis for a derivative lawsuit, has no clear criteria. This ambiguity results in it being difficult to qualify that the actions of the Directors or Commissioners have occurred by mistake or negligence, so shareholders can also take part in dealing with these problems when the company they run suffers losses caused by the Directors or Commissioners. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a case approach and statutory approach. So the purpose of our research is to find out how the legal protection of shareholders against companies is through Derivative Action lawsuits.

The hospital is one of the organizations in the service sector that is engaged in efforts to improve public health. In addition, the hospital as oe of the subsystems of health services provides two types of services for the community, namely health services and administrative services. Therefore, as a hospital service institution, it is required to improve its service quality management continuously and continuously in various fields of service provided. So the Dumai City Hospital should be able to provide good service to pattiens with planned management for class B classified hospitals. The purpose of this study was to find out how the management of outpatient services in the field of pregnancy at the Regional General Hospital in Dumai City. This research method uses qualitative research methods with data collection thechniques using primary data and secondary data obtained from the results of observations, interviews, and documentation that the researcher analyzed in obtaining the data. This study uses the theory of Ratminto about service management, namely planning, implementation, and coordination. The results of the study indicate that the service management of the Dumai City Regional Public Hospital still has obstacles in its services such as training of workers who have not all received training, budget, facilities and infrastructure.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are sectors that are influential in running the economy in the community. MSME are also expected to be able to contribute in creating employment opportunities for the surrounding community, so as to be able to reduce poverty in an area. The existence of the Wolamgrezz MSME in Carangwulung village actually has the potential to become a large MSME in the Wonosalam District and even the entire Jombang Regency, because these UMKM raise the region's superior crops. Therefore, Wolamgrezz MSME must be fully supported in running their business, so that the existing potential can run optimally and can become the leading MSME in Jombang Regency. However, in carrying out its business, Wolamgrezz has several problems that arise in the field, such as obstacles to product promotion through digital e-commerce media and product marketing only by word of mouth, so that consumers who know Wolamgrezz's MSME products are very limited and only within the scope of Carangwulung village. Therefore, the branding and marketing of UMKM Wolamgrezz products must be carried out immediately and intensified so that they can attract consumers widely so that product sales can increase and income will also increase, and this can also affect the opening of new job vacancies.

Infrastructure development is the duty and responsibility of both the Central Government, Provincial Government and Regency/City Regional Governments in accordance with the division of government affairs. One of the places in Bantul Regency that introduces leather puppet crafts to the wider community is Pucung as a center for shadow puppets. The development of village infrastructure based on the wayang kulit craft culture needs to identify the efforts of wayang kulit craftsmen in overcoming marketing barriers, infrastructure development efforts that have been carried out so far, and prioritized infrastructure to be equipped with the aim of increasing the marketing of wayang kulit crafts. This study uses qualitative methods with observations and interviews. The results of this study are that craftsmen market wayang kulit crafts online and digitally E-commerce to overcome the obstacles they face, the infrastructure related to the marketing of leather puppets that has been developed so far is a means of communication in the form of internet and WIFI, and infrastructure that is prioritized to be equipped is e-commerce digital marketplace.

This research was conducted in the Colo Kudus Tourism Village, Central Java, which aims to understand and analyze the coffee-based agro-tourism development model as a tourist attraction in the Colo Kudus Tourism Village. And analyze what obstacles are experienced by the Colo Kudus Tourism Village Agrotourism. The data of this study were obtained through observation and interviews, the informants used in the study were 5 respondents. The results of the study are expected to provide useful information for coffee activists, the Colo Coffee community. The data obtained were processed using descriptive qualitative. Qualitative analysis uses data analysis, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that Arowisata Colo Tourism Village has a strategy model such as Coffee Education Tourism, training for farmers.

This research was conducted to answer the problems that arise in learning Indonesian in the independent curriculum in phase E or class X at SMA Negeri 1 Pamanukan. This research focuses on teacher readiness, school support, supporting factors, and obstacles related to the implementation of the independent curriculum. In addition, this study also tries to identify steps that can be taken to overcome obstacles in the implementation of the independent curriculum. The method used in this research is descriptive method, which aims to provide a systematic description of some of the existing relationships. The data used in this study were written data obtained from recorded interviews with Indonesian language teachers who taught in phase E or class X. The data was then transcribed into written form. The interview samples were taken from Indonesian teacher respondents who taught in phase E or class X. Based on the results of data collection, it was found that the learning process in general had been carried out well. However, there are several facts that show there are deficiencies in the implementation of this curriculum. One of the deficiencies found is that not all teachers have received the necessary training, and many of them admit that they have not been able to apply learning in accordance with the achievements of the Independent Curriculum. In addition, cognitive assessment to measure student learning outcomes has also not been implemented thoroughly.

The Terminal Service Officer, or better known as the Terminal Inspection Service, is a work unit tasked with supervising all facilities in the Land Side area of the airport, curb/sidewalk, parking area and terminal building. Before the airport operates, the Terminal Service Officer ensures or checks in advance whether all facilities are ready to operate or not, if one of these facilities is not ready, it will affect the operational processes of El Tari Kupang International Airport and can also pose a risk to the performance of TSO officers. . The purpose of this research is to find out the performance and efforts of Terminal Service Officers in resolving obstacles to facility monitoring at El Tari Kupang International Airport. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using data from interviews with 3 Terminal Service Officers, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of this study, Terminal Service Officers (TSO) have duties and responsibilities that are in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures including facilities that are the responsibility of Terminal Service Officers, especially the land side area, passenger terminal and departure/arrival area, carry out routine checks supporting facilities to keep them operating properly. If in carrying out the supervision there is a damaged facility, it will be immediately coordinated with the unit concerned and repaired immediately.

On Time Performance is very important for the image of an airline company. The performance of boarding gate officers is one of main factors in creating On Time Performance during the brading process it is also necessary to have quality human resource support god service to passangers. Gate officers must be careful and coordinae with other staff in carrying out boarding. Analysis of the performance of gate officers in achieving an On Time Performance flight based on performance indicators. To analyze the data in this study using descriptive qualitative methods. Reserch data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observation, documentation and literature studies in the boarding gate work unit area of PT Kokapura Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport, Semarang. The result of this study are the performance of boarding gate officers who are quite good at providing boarding services to passanger. Boarding gate officers carry out boarding activities in accordance with the Standart Operational Procedure (SOP) that applies to each airline handled by PT Kokapura Ahmad Yani. The obstacle experienced by gate officers was the lack of information regarding flight delays, however, gate officers were able to overcome these obstacles bycoordinating and updating every 10 minutes with operational staff regarding the condition of the aircraft to be boarded.

The family is part of society and also the church. The family has various problems that often make the household collapse or not survive. One of the cases is families of different religions, various obstacles will definitely occur in it, especially in terms of celebrating ecclesiastical holidays, but what is experienced by the families in this study is different, families are able to place Christian Religious Education as the basis for building families with different beliefs. This study used a case study type research in which the subjects in this study were 1 family with different beliefs. This research was conducted with the aim of revealing various forms of implementation of Christian Religious Education in families of different religions. The results of this study indicate that the forms of implementation of Christian religious education in families of different religions are open communication, knowledge of the Christian religion, respect for differences, involvement in Christian religious activities, and giving examples of behavior. Form

This article discusses the role of development communication in developing villages. Through a literature review and case studies, this article attempts to provide a thorough understanding of how development communication can help speed up village development processes. This article will also cover some important points such as types of development communication, effective development communication methods, obstacles that are often encountered in implementing development communication programs, and the benefits that can be obtained from using development communication in developing villages.

Business legality is a standard that must be met by economic entities. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) must meet these requirements to compete in the free market era. This requirement is problematic because many business actors do not have business legality. We face various obstacles such as lack of means to ensure legality, difficulty in responding, and lack of knowledge. This paper discusses the results of community service provided, namely assistance and the importance of business legality for MSMEs. The purpose of this service is to raise awareness and provide a framework of thinking about the importance of business legality for MSMEs to compete in the open market. The implementation method used is touse in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The result of the implementation is the issuance of a Business Identification Number (NIB) which is the legal umbrella of an official business and recognized by the state through the OSS Institution or known as Online Single Submission.

This study aims to find out and analyze the role of the police in tackling illegal drug trafficking and find out what obstacles the police face in dealing with illegal drug trafficking at the Gorontalo City Police, based on the title raised in this study, researchers see the weakness of Indonesia's defense From the invasion of things that endanger society, thousands of illegal drugs have been circulating throughout Indonesia. This study uses empirical methods. The data collection process examined by researchers in this study were primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques that support and relate to this research are interviews, observation and literature studies..The results of this study indicate that the cause of people becoming perpetrators of illegal drug distribution is because they want to get rich quickly, perpetrators take advantage of the lack of public knowledge about illegal drugs and the correct distribution mechanism according to the rules. There are several factors that support perpetrators involved in illegal drug trafficking. , namely: Economic factors and environmental and social factors. Illegal drug distribution in Indonesia is regulated in Law no. 36 of 2009 concerning health. The free circulation of illegal drugs in Indonesia has turned out to be used by many elements to gain large profits. Some transactions also occur online. The opportunity to buy cheap drugs and sell them at high/profitable prices is the motive of several individuals who have been caught in illegal drug trafficking. This will not happen if people are educated about economics and law. This is a joint responsibility of the government, the community, BPOM and the Indonesian National Police.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the application of Article 1320 of the Civil Code regarding the bonded bondage system to clove farmers as local wisdom in preventing the occurrence of problems that arise because of the clove bonded agreement and to find out the obstacles faced in the application of article 1320 of the civil code to the bonded system. On Clove Farmers in Kaidundu Village as Local Wisdom. Research Using this type of normative-empirical research. By using several approaches, namely: statutory approach (statue approach), case approach (case approach). The results of this study indicate that: First, the clove bonded bondage system in Kaidundu Village is a custom or habit that was born and developed in the Kaidundu Village community since the last decades, the agreement system by means of bonded bondage involves sellers (farmers) and buyers (middlemen). . However, based on the law in force in article 1320 it is stated that, that the legal requirements for an agreement are agreement, competence, a certain matter and a lawful cause. However, in reality in society not all parties understand and understand what an agreement is considered. So that researchers can conclude that the bondage system in Kaidundu Village is a habit that has been passed down from generation to generation, but the community must understand and know that there are rules governing this bondage system. Second, the obstacles faced by the people of Kaidundu Village, especially those involved in the case of the Clove ijon system, several obstacle factors faced, namely: Legal factors, where there is no agreement or agreement that binds both parties, both the seller (farmer) and buyer (middleman). And there are no regulations in the form of Perdes (Village Regulations) which regulate the existence of the clove bondage system. The ijon system agreement is only based on trust.

Every citizen has the right to civil registration in the sense that he has the right to request an authentic deed from a state official. It is still rare for residents to realize how important a deed is for them in sustaining their life. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the implementation of the policy for implementing population administration in the possession of death certificates for the community at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Kuantan Singingi Regency and to identify obstacles in implementing the policy for implementing population administration in making death certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Service for Kuantan Regency Singingi. Qualitative research as a research method that starts from assumptions, interpretive/theoretical lenses, and studies of research problems that look at how individuals or groups interpret social or humanitarian problems. The results of the research that the researchers conducted regarding the implementation of population administration administration policies in Kuantan Singingi Regency (a case study of death certificates), namely, the policy of implementing population administration regarding death certificates had not been properly implemented by the Kuantan Singingi Regency Population and Civil Registration Service, this was obtained from several factors, namely Policy standards and targets/measures and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, implementor communication, attitude and position of executors, social, economic and political environment. The second obstacle is the lack of socialization related to population administration. The third obstacle is the lack of public awareness.

PK. Rosella Baru is a company operating in the plastic sack industry. In the production process of plastic sacks, there are several stages, including the production of plastic thread. The company still encounters a significant number of defects in the plastic thread, exceeding 2%, resulting in obstacles in the weaving process of the sacks and suboptimal production output. The research utilizes the Statistical Process Control method to identify solutions for quality control of the plastic thread products at PK. Rosella Baru. Based on the Pareto diagram, the most dominant defect is found in the unevenness of thread rolls, accounting for 43.3% of the defects. The control chart analysis shows that there are samples exceeding the upper control limit (UCL) in samples 1 and 9, and data exceeding the lower control limit (LCL) in samples 3 and 6. The cause and effect diagram identifies five factors: labor, machine, material, method, and environment. The most dominant cause is the lack of training for the workforce and insufficient maintenance of the machines, resulting in defective plastic thread. Therefore, the suggested solution is to perform regular machine maintenance, provide training to the workforce, and pay attention to machine settings and the quality of raw materials used.

This study aims to find out the parties who are related and responsible according to Law Number 38 of 2004 concerning roads (Road Law), for various damage to road infrastructure in the city of Bandar Lampung and their handling and government accountability to parties who are disadvantaged in problems this (273 Law Number 22 of 2009). This study uses normative juridical research with data sources consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary data, analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. Data that can be obtained from written materials such as laws, books and documents. And also by using empirical legal research, by using a statutory approach and a case approach, data collection was carried out by means of literature studies and interviews, the data collected was descriptive. (113) Law enforcement for traffic accidents caused by damaged roads, especially in the city of Bandar Lampung, is not only a form of public service, but is a responsibility mandated by law, which if not implemented can lead to serious legal consequences. This study aims to determine law enforcement against traffic accidents caused by damaged roads in the city of Bandar Lampung and what factors become obstacles to law enforcement against traffic accidents caused by damaged roads in the city of Bandar Lampung. The results of research on traffic accident law enforcement due to damaged roads in the city of Bandar Lampung show the weak handling of the traffic police and the Bandar Lampung city government in implementing Law number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, especially article 273. As well as the effectiveness of law enforcement and implementation that occurred in the implementation of the current road is still considered lacking.

. In an educational organization or school, it cannot be separated from its relationship with learning media or commonly called facilities and infrastructure. Facilities and infrastructure aim as a place to carry out learning activities and increase student learning motivation. Therefore, facilities and infrastructure are very important to advance and develop the productivity of educational institutions. In addition, the management of infrastructure is one of the things that must be considered so that it can help encourage student achievement and achieve the goals of educational organizations. Facilities and infrastructure have a very important urgency to increase student learning productivity. However, the implementation of facilities and infrastructure management in schools does not always go well. There are problems or obstacles that need to be resolved and overcome so as not to interfere with the learning process. Factors that hinder the management of facilities and infrastructure in schools usually arise from internal and external factors. Therefore, school management needs to make various efforts to overcome these obstacles. This study aims to determine the efforts of school management in overcoming barriers to educational infrastructure. From the method used, namely the qualitative method with literature study techniques, it produces an elaboration which shows that school management efforts in overcoming obstacles to facilities and infrastructure are planning, organizing, procuring, inventorying, distributing, maintaining, eliminating, and monitoring and evaluating.    

This research aims to examine the problems that occur in the crime of murder and premeditated murder in the charges that will be filed against the perpetrators of these crimes. At the beginning, the background will be about how a criminal law in Indonesia develops and in carrying out its function as a legal rule that contains provisions, prohibitions, and criminal threats for those who commit a criminal case. This research will emphasize the problems that occur with the obstacles experienced by law enforcement in identifying a legal event that occurs in the case of murder with premeditated murder in finding an element of fulfillment, especially against the elements of the offense of premeditated murder. Then after that, the research will continue on legal reconstruction and legal discovery at the court hearing which aims to facilitate the disclosure of a legal event that occurs in order to find the material truth so that the judge can determine the sentence for the perpetrator.

Breast milk contains various nutrients needed in the process of growth and development of infants. Exclusive breastfeeding, namely that babies are only given breast milk, without any liquid or solid food except vitamins, minerals or drugs in the form of drops or syrup until the age of 6 months. The main obstacle to achieving correct exclusive breastfeeding is the lack of proper knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding for mothers. Objective: A mother must have good knowledge of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of social support on exclusive breastfeeding behavior, the influence of knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on exclusive breastfeeding behavior, as well as the effect of social support, knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Methods: The research method used is quantitative, namely cross sectional analytic survey method. Results:The results of the analysis show that first, the direct effect of social support on exclusive breastfeeding behavior is 34.6% and the remaining 63.4% is influenced by other variables. Second, the effect of social support on the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers is 11.8%, the remaining 88.2% is influenced by other variables. Third, the effect of knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on exclusive breastfeeding behavior is 9.9% and the remaining 90.1% is influenced by other variables. Conclusion: this study is the influence of social support, knowledge of breastfeeding mothers on behavior of giving exclusive breast milk.