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Child labor is a term for employing children under 18 years of age. Child labor is the exploitation of a child for work usually on a low salary without other guarantees. The background of child labor due to poverty causes children to have to work to support their families. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, seeks to describe the causes of children working and the impact of children working. The research was carried out in Indramayu Regency, Sukabumi Regency, Ponorogo Regency, Malang Regency, Central Lombok Regency as the locations that contributed a lot of migrant workers abroad. The number of respondents was 150 children working in the informal sector, including migrant workers. The background of workers comes from poor families with low parental education levels. The findings of the cause of working children are parental poverty due to low parental education levels, lack of work skills, low income. The impact of working children experiencing exploitation includes 70% working more than 9 hours, getting wages but being cut without the child's knowledge, getting wages but not in accordance with the minimum wage standard, the promised work is not in accordance with reality (67%), loss of communication with parents 83%, and the occurrence of violence in the workplace such as discomfort, coercion, threats, prone to sexual harassment (50%). The impact of working children has a contribution to their family as much as 80%. Recommendations need to prevent the exploitation of child labor through empowering poor families in pockets of poverty. Preventive protection measures mean that the state, government, local governments, communities, families, and parents or guardians are fully responsible and obliged to implement child protection.    

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving student learning outcomes in SMA. The research was conducted in two cycles at SMA Negeri 1 West Malacca. Data were obtained through observing learning activities, formative tests, and summarizing student scores. The results showed that there was a significant increase in cycle II compared to cycle I. The number of students who completed learning increased from 23 to 32 students, the average score of formative tests increased from 69.57 to 84.29, and the percentage of learning completeness increased. from 65.71 to 91.43. PBL implementation yields gains in increasing student participation, student-teacher interaction, student engagement, and overall student learning outcomes. Problem-based learning encourages students to engage in critical thinking, collaboration and discussion. The integration of relevant information sources also increases students' understanding of the subject matter. In conclusion, the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) significantly improves student learning outcomes and makes a positive contribution in the context of learning in SMA.  

The teaching campus program is part of the independent campus program which has an important contribution to the advancement of education in Indonesia, where students from teaching campuses will be placed in various assigned schools with the main target of this program being Elementary Schools (SD) and Junior High Schools located in the region. 3T (Left behind, Outermost, and Forefront) which will then assist educators in schools in the learning process and assist schools in improving literacy, numeracy, and technology adaptation.This study aims to determine the role of teaching campus students in helping improve literacy and numeracy at SDN Sukolilo 250, Surabaya, East Java in order to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, with a research time of 6 months. The location of this research was at SDN Sukolilo 250, Surabaya, East Java. As for the techniques and instruments used in collecting data using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Based on this research, it can be concluded that campus teaching campus students have an important role in increasing literacy, numeracy in schools.

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

The Surabaya Teaching program is part of the Freedom to Learn Campus Merdeka (MBKM) policy to enrich student competence by providing opportunities for students to learn outside the classroom by providing assistance to teachers and education staff at the primary and secondary education levels. This program invites students to contribute to improving the quality of learning at the elementary and junior high school levels for one semester. The Surabaya Teaching program is currently the 3rd batch assigned to teach, assist with technology, and assist with school administration and teachers in schools in 3T areas. One of the schools where Surabaya teaches is SMP Negri 39 Surabaya, which is located on Jl. Raya Prapen, Panjang Jiwo, Kec. Tenggilis Mejoyo, Surabaya, East Java. Surabaya Teaching students also have a responsibility in improving the character and interest in learning students who are low. The goals that can be achieved in undergoing the Surabaya Teaching Program batch 3 are a process of adding relationships, adding experience outside the world of lectures, developing students' insights, character and soft skills, encouraging and spurring national development by growing student motivation to participate in development, and increasing the real role and contribution of universities and students in the development of education in Indonesia. The results of this program include improving educational services at these schools in terms of teaching, technology utilization, and administration. It can be concluded that the Surabaya Teaching program provides good benefits for all parties and also provides a lot of experience gained during assignments taking place at SMP Negri 39 Surabaya, starting from the observation, planning, implementation and evaluation activities that take place during activities.

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

The meaning of halal is permissible, while haram is not permissible (prohibited) according to Islamic law. Having a halal certificate can give confidence to companies in using or printing halal labels on product packaging or company premises. This study aims to find out how the influence of the halal label and halal awareness has on the purchase intention MSME products in the Bima City. The type of research used in this study is a type of quantitative research with survey methods. Collecting data by distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale to 100 respondents. Data was processed by statistical analysis using SPSS 20.00. The results showed that the halal label had a positive and significant effect on the intention to purchase MSME products in the Bima City and halal awareness did not have a significant effect on the intention to purchase MSME products in the Bima City. The contribution of this research is hoped that MSME actors will immediately take care of halal certificates so that consumers' interest in buying increases and products can be marketed outside the region so that the wider community can get to know MSME products from Bima city.

Licensing for road transport is an effort to accommodate legal certainty and rights for road transport owners so that it can operate properly. Basically efforts to control licensing can also make a real contribution to Buton Regency's own-source revenue (PAD) in the service sector, thus making the Buton Regency Transportation Agency the main instrument in minimizing violations of route permits and order in public transportation in Buton district which It has quite intense traffic activity. This effort makes the people of Buton district orderly in the field of licensing in terms of transportation, indirectly this can be used as a measure of the success of the Buton Regency Transportation Service as one of the cogs of good government. Legal Review of Traek Permit Violations (Study at the Buton Regency Transportation Service), The main objectives of this research are (1) to find out technically how the arrangements are made by the Buton Regency Transportation Service in implementing route permits in Buton Regency; (2) To find out the factors that led to violations of route permits in Buton Regency and the forms of settlement that occurred.  

 Economic activity in Indonesia affects the level of state income. One sector that makes a large contribution to national income is the agricultural sector. In addition, this sector also contributes in terms of absorbing labor in the provision of food and provision of raw materials. Thus, this article discusses how the Covid-19 pandemic can affect the rise and fall of the financial resilience of farmers, the volatility of income before and after the pandemic, especially for farmers in Tegalrejo Village, Blitar Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out how farmers maintain their economy amidst storms such as Covid-19, transition, pests. The method of analysis used is descriptive qualitative by conducting interviews with farmers to obtain data. From the objectives and methods that have been used, it is known that every farmer in Tegalrejo Village has different income from one another, especially when the Covid-19 Pandemic hit and after the pandemic. In addition, many factors also affect the rise and fall of farmers' income.

The expansion of Islam in Indonesia started in the middle of the 7th century AD. The expansion of Islam cannot be separated from the role of Walisongo as the guardian and assembly of Sufism experts in Indonesia, especially in Java. Sunan Ampel became one of the figures who made a major contribution to spreading Islam in East Java. The aim of this research is to find out the background of Sunan Ampel to Java and how Sunan Ampel spread Islam with his preaching in East Java. This research aims to understand the strategies used by Sunan Ampel while spreading Islam in East Java. This research uses a historical research method with a qualitative research model. The main sources used in carrying out this research are several books, journals, and babad that are relevant to the research topic studied. The results and discussion of this research concluded that Sunan Ampel's da'wah strategy through marriage, relatives, and building mosques and Islamic boarding schools, as well as teaching Islamic knowledge to the surrounding community seemed still not practical and was still considered difficult to accept by the surrounding community at that time.   Keywords: Sunan Ampel; Preaching; Surabaya; East Java.  

This research discusses the development of industry 5.0 and its impact on the Indonesian economy. Industry 5.0 is a concept that integrates artificial intelligence, robotics, automation, Internet of Things (IoT), and other technologies to create more efficient and connected production systems. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of Industry 5.0 has affected Indonesia's economic sector and the challenges faced in adopting this technology. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to understand the global developments of Industry 5.0 and then applied in the Indonesian context. This research also highlights aspects such as digital infrastructure, workforce skills, and government policies that support or hinder the development of Industry 5.0 in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research can provide valuable insights for policy makers and stakeholders in understanding the contribution of Industry 5.0 to the Indonesian economy and formulating appropriate strategies to encourage sustainable economic growth.

This study aims to analyze thel asbabun nuzul of Q.S Al-mujadalah verse 11 which is rellated to the perspelctivel of education in the Modern Islamic Boarding School Darul Ihsan. Asbabun Nuzul surah Al-mujadalah versel 11 is about manners and morals when someone is in the assemby, so it is analyzed how the manners of the students or santri and santriwati in the Modern Islamic Boarding School Darul Ihsan when they are in the assemby. Asbabun Nulzul surah Al-mujadalah verse 11 is not only intended for students, but for all Muslims who are in an assemby of knowledge, both students and educators. such as the story when the Prophet opened an assemby and at that time the Badr came and no one gave him a seat, so the Prophet ordered other companions to gelt up and give a seat to the Badr who had just arrived, because whoever clears his seat during the assemby, Allah SWT will raise his degreel. This must be applied to students in all educational institutions and also in their daily lives, not spared from the students who study at boarding schools, adab and moras are the most important things that are seen and taught in pesantren, because in fact adab is higher than knowledge. So, for students who study in pesantren, it should bel emphasized to them about adab, especially when they are in the assemby of knowledge or in teaching and learning activities, adab used towards teachers, towards friends around and towards the boarding school environment.This research makes an important contribution in understanding the asbabun Nulzul of surah Al-mujadalah verse 11 in the perspective of education in the Modern Darul Ihsan Islamic Boarding School which is about adab when in the assemby, and the implication of this research is the importance and necessity of knowing how adab when in the assemby of knowledge for students.

The rapid development of internet technology in the current era has changed the paradigm of traditional marketing into digital marketing using internet media, which is known as digital marketing. Digital marketing plays an important role in the success of MSME marketing because it allows analysis of new target markets, consumer behavior and product information. However, only a few MSMEs have an understanding of this digital technology-based marketing strategy. As a form of contribution to community service, students from UPN "Veteran" East Java invited and provided an understanding to the Super Klasik Feed MSME about the importance of digital marketing as a marketing strategy. The methods used include observation, interviews, digital marketing implementation, and activity evaluation. The results obtained by MSME Feed Super Klasik are an understanding of the importance of digital marketing as a marketing strategy, and students succeed in sharing knowledge through the implementation of creating Instagram social media accounts.

This study aims to find out about the form of gender equality within the scope of student organizations of the Sociology Education Student Legislature. This research has several problem formulations, namely 1. How do Student legislators view gender roles in the Student legislature? As well as his participation and contribution. 2. What are the obstacles to running for president of the Student Legislature? This study used a qualitative descriptive method with source triangulation as data validity. Data were obtained through observations and interviews conducted in each member of the Sociology Education Student Legislature. The results showed that from all organizations there was a majority of women as leaders of the organization, while women served as members. In this study, it can be seen that women dominate the running of the Student Legislature, in contrast to other campus government organizations that are more dominated by men.

Christian religious education has become an integral part of the education system in many countries around the world. However, with the development of digital technology, new challenges arise in providing relevant and effective Christian religious education to the digital generation. This study aims to investigate the contribution of Christian religious education in facing the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with Christian religious educators and analysis of related documents. The results of the study show that Christian religious education can make a significant contribution in the digital era by utilizing technology as a learning and communication tool. Christian religious education approaches that are centered on Christian beliefs, values, and teachings remain relevant in the digital era. Technology can be used to access a wider range of Christian religious texts and materials, connect students to the Christian community virtually, and provide platforms for more interactive discussion and reflection. However, this study also identified several challenges in implementing Christian religious education in the digital era, such as the risk of misuse of technology, the tendency to use it passively, and the difficulty in integrating the spiritual dimension in a virtual environment. In order to optimize the contribution of Christian religious education in the digital era, this research recommends adequate training for Christian religious educators in the use of technology, developing relevant and meaningful digital content, and careful monitoring of the use of technology in Christian religious education.

To find out the influence of the principal's leadership, work motivation, and other factors, research has been conducted. In this study analyzed various factors that affect teacher performance MTs Al Marwah Pameungpek Bandung. Researcher explored the influence of the principal's leadership on teacher performance motivation at the Mts Al Marwah School. The sample size consisted of 38 teachers as teaching staff, during the research month of May - June 2023. Our research approach is descriptive qualitative. Our data analysis yielded some interesting results with a fairly good contribution, found a significant and affirmative correlation between the principal's leadership on teacher performance motivation. In addition, this study reports a significant and optimistic correlation between principal leadership and teacher performance motivation. In addition, there is a noteworthy and beneficial relationship between work motivation and teacher performance motivation and effective contribution. This research concludes that the effect of teaching and learning processes on achieving the school's vision through the Principal's Leadership on Teacher Performance Motivation at the Mts Al Marwah School

This research is about juridical analysis of the application of article 1348 of the Civil Code to the practice of online arisan with a descending system. The method used in this research is normative. The purpose of this study is to find out the legal consequences caused by the Owner and Member of the Online Arisan Practice System for Decreasing the Non-fulfillment of Elements in Article 1348 of the Civil Code. The results of this study are that if one of the parties defaults or defaults, the provisions for sanctions are regulated in criminal and civil provisions, then the legal consequence is that if a member party does not complete the arisan contribution, the owner will bear the fee. so that members who commit defaults will hold negotiations/mediation efforts up to filing a lawsuit in court or carrying out a criminal law process by the owner as the person in charge of the arisan.

The development of information technology is so fast, fast, and accurate. Currently, information technology has become the main facility of activity that makes a significant contribution to all sectors of life, which indirectly contributes to business growth. MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) in Indonesia is one of the business sectors that is mostly run by business actors. However, one of the challenges for MSMEs is to face digital competition in the business sector so that they can survive in the midst of competition. This study aims to provide information regarding MSME development strategies in utilizing the digital economy. The method used in this activity is to use a quality approach through outreach, implementation and mentoring. The result of this activity is to help digitize the marketing of MSME Es Coklatone Mamira products. So that this activity can help these MSMEs in expanding market share.

This study aims to study communication in various languages in the social interactions of Theology students at the Theological College in Jakarta. The focus of this research is to explore how students can communicate in various languages, namely Indonesian, English, and regional languages (Javanese, Batak, Banjar, and Sundanese). In addition, this study also aims to identify how students and the community can establish active and comfortable communication in conveying ideas and ideas. Lastly, this research will study the views of the people in Jakarta, especially the people on the outskirts of Jakarta such as the borders of Bekasi, Depok, Tangerang, and Bogor Cities, towards the presence of Christian Theology students in contributing to society. This research method involves collecting data through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data obtained will be analyzed critically to gain a deep understanding of student's communication skills in various languages, their efforts to build active and comfortable communication, as well as public perceptions of the role and contribution of Christian Theology students in Jakarta. The results of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into the development of Theology education, cross-cultural understanding, and the social contribution of Theology students in society. Through a better understanding of the importance of communication in multiple languages in the social interactions of Theology students, steps can be taken to improve the quality of education, communication skills, and social contributions of future Theology students. In this context, cooperation between educational institutions, the community, and the government in Jakarta is very important to create a conducive environment for the development of theology students' communication skills in various languages and establish harmonious relations between students and the community.

This study aims to investigate the intertextual understanding of Ecclesiastes in English by theology students and the opinions of the general public. The main focus of this research is to understand how students can read and understand the Bible, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, in English. In addition, this study also seeks to explain how students and the community can form active communication and discussions regarding intertextual understanding. In addition, this research aims to explore how Christians in Jakarta, especially in suburban areas such as Bekasi, Depok, Tangerang, and Bogor, view the presence of Christian theology students in contributing to society. The research method used in this study involved opinion surveys and interviews with theology students and the general public. Theology students will be asked to read and understand the book of Ecclesiastes in English translation, while their opinions and responses will be collected through surveys and interviews. Opinions from the general public will be collected through a survey which will be disseminated in various areas of Jakarta, especially in the suburbs. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively to identify the main patterns and findings in intertextual understanding and perceptions of the contribution of Christian theology students in society. This research is expected to provide practical benefits in increasing understanding of the Bible in English, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, as well as strengthening active communication and discussion in intertextual understanding. In addition, the results of this study can strengthen the relationship between Christian theology students and the community, especially in the Jakarta area, by demonstrating their contribution to service and positive contributions to society.