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The participatory oversight program includes the establishment of oversight villages in Central Kalimantan to involve the community in overseeing the Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in 2024.The urgency of establishing oversight villages for community participatory oversight is to increase participation, strengthen the oversight function of Bawaslu, prevent violations, and enhance transparency and accountability.The challenges in the implementation of oversight villages include limited human resources, lack of public understanding, geographical and infrastructural challenges, budget constraints, as well as practical politics and local interests.Strategic steps to address these challenges include stakeholder collaboration, intensification of training, infrastructure improvement, and the utilization of technology.Through oversight villages, the community is expected to actively participate in monitoring the regional elections to achieve clean, transparent, and accountable elections.

The aim of this research is to determine the performance of government officials in implementing effective governance in Tanjung Unggat Village, Tanjungpinang City. This research uses descriptive analysis methods with a qualitative approach. This research was also obtained from the results of interviews, questionnaires and observations. As well as carrying out data analysis in a structured and systematic manner, according to the focus of the problem using performance appraisal theory. The results obtained from this research are that the performance of employees at the Tanjung Unggat Subdistrict Office, in terms of serving the community, has good performance, which can be measured through several indicators such as subdistrict office employees obeying work rules, being able to work together to carry out various activities within an organization including decision making, measuring work results, and interaction with existing regulations. And employees show that the services provided to the community are always carried out seriously, politely, with a sense of responsibility and ethics.

This study aims to explore the role of school principals in enhancing teacher performance through the utilization of the Platform Merdeka Mengajar, a digital tool introduced by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The research was conducted at SMP N 4 Jombang, employing a qualitative approach with a case study design to gain an in-depth understanding of how principals support teachers in using this platform effectively. Data were collected through interviews with principals and teachers, as well as classroom observations. The findings indicate that the principal’s leadership, underpinned by managerial competencies such as planning, organizing, supervising, and human resource development, plays a critical role in facilitating the integration of technology into teaching practices. Principals provided technical support, organized training sessions, motivated teachers, and created a collaborative environment to enhance the use of the platform. Additionally, the study found that the Platform Merdeka Mengajar positively impacted teacher creativity and the quality of learning interactions. However, the study also highlights challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure and the varying levels of digital literacy among teachers. The results underscore the importance of strong leadership in educational technology implementation and offer insights into effective strategies for enhancing teacher performance through digital platforms. The study also identifies limitations related to its sample size and scope and suggests avenues for future research on long-term impacts and the role of external factors in educational technology adoption.

Toko Ulin Utama is a building materials store located in Kandangan Hulu, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan. Along with the development of this region, the demand for building materials continues to increase, in line with the growth of infrastructure and the property sector. This condition makes Toko Ulin Utama one of the key suppliers that plays an important role in supporting development activities in the area. This study focuses on two main aspects: management and marketing. In terms of management, the focus is on how the store manages human resources, organizes its structure, and improves operational efficiency. Meanwhile, in terms of marketing, this research discusses promotion strategies, market segmentation, consumer behavior, and the store's competitiveness in the local market. The data for this research was obtained through direct interviews with the store owner and manager, providing in-depth information about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges faced by the store in its operations. The concept guiding this study is the business feasibility study, which explores various aspects such as market, marketing, and management. The results of this study are expected to provide a clear picture of the operational feasibility of Toko Ulin Utama, while also serving as a guide to developing more effective and sustainable business strategies. With the increasing demand for building materials driven by the development of infrastructure and the property sector in the area, the findings of this study are expected to help the store take advantage of market opportunities and better address existing challenges.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy of SOP Iga Jeletot Terazz MSME in Karawang which is considered not optimal in increasing competitiveness and expanding the market. The research method used is qualitative with an explanatory survey approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews with MSME owners and employees. The results of the study indicate that the marketing strategy of this MSME is still conventional, does not utilize social media in a structured manner, and has not implemented data-based marketing. The main influencing factors are limited human resources, lack of understanding of digital marketing, and the absence of a customer loyalty program. In the discussion, this problem is associated with decision-making theory, including the stages of problem analysis, alternative selection, and implementation and evaluation of decisions. More effective marketing strategies include planning social media content, using digital advertising, and implementing loyalty programs. In addition, training human resources to improve digital marketing competency is an important step. This study concludes that with the adoption of technology-based marketing strategies and careful planning, SOP Iga Jeletot Terazz MSME has the opportunity to increase competitiveness and expand market reach.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of changes in the tax base on Indonesia's economy. It begins by providing an overview of Indonesia's taxation system and recent changes in tax policy. The paper then discusses the effects of tax base changes on economic variables such as investment, government revenue, and economic growth. Using empirical data and economic models, this study assesses the short-term and long-term impacts of tax changes on key economic indicators. The findings indicate that while tax reforms can stimulate economic activity in the short term, their long-term effects depend on various factors such as tax structure, administrative efficiency, and economic conditions. The paper concludes with policy implications and recommendations for policymakers in Indonesia.

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional social issue, encompassing the inability of individuals to meet basic needs as well as access to education, healthcare, and decent employment. In the city of Medan, the challenge of poverty remains significant despite its role as an economic hub in North Sumatra. Various efforts have been made by the Medan City Government through social assistance programs, economic empowerment, and infrastructure improvements; however, challenges such as social inequality, limited job opportunities, and bureaucratic inefficiencies remain major obstacles. Additionally, ineffective coordination between the government, NGOs, and the private sector slows the achievement of poverty alleviation goals. Therefore, a holistic approach that includes improvements in education, healthcare, and private sector involvement in local economic development is needed to address poverty sustainably in Medan.

This research analyzes the growth of electric bicycles and efforts to prevent traffic accidents in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study to collect and analyze data from various sources. The results show that stricter regulations, supportive infrastructure development, and traffic safety education are needed to reduce the risk of accidents. Consistent law enforcement is also key in reducing the number of accidents involving electric bicycles. With these steps, it is hoped that a safer driving environment can be created for electric bicycle users in Indonesia.

Efforts to reduce the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls are carried out by supplementing with Iron Tablets. This research aims to evaluate the program of providing iron tablets to adolescent girls in the work area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency. The research was conducted qualitatively with indepth interview techniques and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), informants were determined by purposive sampling totaling 16 people. The research was conducted in July-September 2023 at the Health Office, Madiun Regency Pharmacy Installation, Kebonsari Health Center, SMPN 2 Kebonsari and MAN 1 Madiun. The data analysis technique used triangulation, processed using reduction and presented in the narrative text. The results of the study were reviewed based on the book "Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Anemia in Adolescent Girls 2016" showing that several aspects were appropriate, including human resources, fund allocation, preparation, distribution, recording and reporting, scope of activities and accuracy of targets and distribution. While aspects that were not appropriate included facilities and infrastructure, monitoring and timeliness. Similar research should be conducted in other schools in the working area of the Kebonsari Health Center, Madiun Regency so that the effectiveness of the implementation of the program can be evaluated and improved.  

In alongside demonstrating how strategic cost management approaches can lower banking risks, the study sought to address the theoretical underpinnings of both banking risks and strategic cost management techniques. as well as identifying the most important measures through which banking risks to which economic units are exposed can be reduced to a minimum by helping to deal with situations in which the future cannot be predicted with certainty and that banking risks arise from the financing side. The study was applied in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the focus was on commercial banks because of the exposure of these banks to a range of banking risks, the most important of which are credit risks, liquidity, exchange rate and interest rate. These banks also suffer from problems related to operational decisions such as pricing decisions. Strategic cost management techniques are a set of tools and methods that are appropriate to the needs of the modern business environment, which is concerned with cost analysis in a broad framework through its ideal position in order to improve the cost structure and achieve competitive advantage. This was the most significant finding of the research. The research discovered that strategic cost management techniques can help reduce risks and rationalize operational decisions, through which they can respond quickly to customer requirements and provide sufficient flexibility for any Changes that may occur and the delivery of products to them as quickly as possible while adhering to the standards of the modern corporate environment.

This study investigated the effects of different leadership styles on employee productivity in JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm, Anambra State, Nigeria. The primary objectives were to analyze the impact of transformational leadership, evaluate transactional leadership, and explore laissez-faire leadership's influence on productivity, as well as compare these styles' overall effectiveness. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 66 employees through structured surveys. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on employee productivity, enhancing motivation and performance. Transactional leadership showed a moderate impact, fostering goal-oriented behaviors and structured work environments. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership was found to have a minimal effect on productivity, often leading to lower employee engagement due to insufficient guidance. Comparative analysis indicated that transformational leadership outperformed the other styles in promoting higher productivity metrics. This study highlights the importance of effective leadership strategies for enhancing productivity in pharmaceutical firms. It suggests that JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm and similar organizations should prioritize transformational leadership development to achieve optimal performance. The research contributes valuable insights to the field of leadership studies and offers a basis for future investigations into leadership practices and productivity outcomes.

Moringa oleifera plants as traditional medicine used by the people of Cibeas Village, Cintaraja Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency. This study aims to determine the use of moringa plants as traditional medicine. The method used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative with data collection techniques through observation, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the utility value (Use Value/UV), informant context factors (Informant Consensus Factor/ICF), and relative citation frequency (Relative Frequency of Citation/RFC). The results showed that moringa plants are used to treat 12 types of diseases, with the highest utilization for lowering hypertension (UV = 0.296). The leaves are the most frequently used part (ICF = 0.952).

Advances in information technology have encouraged government agencies to implement electronic-based systems to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of services. The Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency uses the Presence and Performance Application System Si Apik application to record the attendance of State Civil Apparatus as part of the E-Government program. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Si Apik application using the System Usability Scale method to measure the level of user satisfaction. The research approach involves descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, with data collection through observation, SUS questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed an average SUS score of 52.59, which is in the marginal category, with a grade D and an "OK" rating. This score indicates that the system still has technical constraints, such as network connections and application errors, which affect ease of use. Recommendations for improvement include optimizing features, increasing system stability, and providing clearer technical guidance. This study provides strategic input for the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency in improving the quality of Si Apik application services.

This study investigates the influence of organizational innovation on management strategy in the education sector, focusing on the mediating role of strategic change. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.7) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. Key relationships were identified: organizational innovation significantly impacts management strategy (β = 0.45, p < 0.01), while strategic change mediates this relationship (β = 0.30, p < 0.01). Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 20 educational leaders revealed three critical themes: strategic alignment with institutional goals, the importance of participative leadership, and barriers such as resource constraints and bureaucratic inertia. These findings highlight the necessity of integrating innovation with strategic change to optimize management practices. The study contributes to literature by validating the dynamic capabilities framework in the education sector and addressing gaps related to the operationalization of innovation. Practical implications include fostering participative leadership, aligning innovation with institutional objectives, and streamlining resources to support transformative strategies. Policymakers and educational leaders are advised to implement context-sensitive frameworks to sustain innovation and enhance institutional adaptability.

 This study aims to assess the social and economic impact of Pasar Pagi Pangkalpinang on local economic development through a literature review and primary data obtained from interviews with traders and visitors. The market plays an important role as an economic and social hub, providing local employment opportunities as well as contributing to local government revenue through taxes and levies. The findings show that this market significantly increases traders' income and strengthens social cohesion within the community. However, government policies related to market relocation need to be further evaluated to ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders. This study offers practical recommendations for improving market infrastructure and trader empowerment to promote sustainable local economic development.  

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder resulting from impaired blood clotting. This disorder can be caused by coagulation factor abnormalities due to a deficiency of clotting factors, including vitamin K. A lack of vitamin K disrupts the coagulation process, increasing the tendency for bleeding. This article aims to determine whether there is an influence of vitamin K levels on the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Searching any information needed by analyzing kinds of papers of recent research from the year of 2014 until 2024. Online databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate  are utilized by inserting relevant keywords, such as hemophilia, blood clotting factors, vitamin K deficiency and extraction. From 10 articles reviewed, a relationship was identified between vitamin K levels and blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Individuals with severe hemophilia experience bleeding episodes characterized by delayed onset, as well as bleeding into muscles, joints, and other internal structures, including the brain. Hemophilia is typically diagnosed through the identification of low or absent levels of FVIII:C or FIX:C. The genes encoding FVIII and FIX are located on the long arm of the X chromosome. Hemophilia A and B are the only hereditary clotting disorders inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern. Vitamin K levels can influence the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients, particularly those factors synthesized artificially.