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This article discusses the implementation of the Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Development Policy in the City of Bogor. This research aims to describe the implementation of HI PAUD policies in Bogor City. This research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses the Policy Implementation theory according to George C. Edward III, in which there are four indicators to assess the success of a policy, namely (1) Communication, communication has been carried out, but has not been optimal because socialization has not been carried out thoroughly to every PAUD unit; (2) Resources, in terms of the quantity of human resources, are inadequate, causing the delivery of information to be less effective, the limited budget means that the Bogor City Education Office only helps a little in terms of facilities for PAUD units; (3) Disposition, the officers have the knowledge and ability as a form of commitment in implementing the HI PAUD policy, but incentives cannot be given to PAUD Unit managers due to budget limitations; (4) Bureaucratic structure, in implementing HI PAUD policies, implementers only refer to applicable regulations and make adjustments to the conditions of each school. The suggestion from this research is that socialization must be carried out massively, it would be better for the Bogor City Education Office to add personnel, maximize the use of social media and provide incentives to PAUD unit managers.

This research examines the validity of agreements regarding the inclusion of exoneration clauses in e-commerce transactions. Agreements between marketplace companies and their users are packaged in the form of standard agreements. This allows for the inclusion of eksonerasi clauses containing exoneration elements that may harm users. The research method used by the Author is normative legal research with a prescriptive nature. The types and sources of research data include primary data consisting of legislation, basic principles, jurisprudence, and other fundamental regulations, as well as secondary data obtained through literature review. Based on the research findings, the use of standard agreements is generally allowed as long as it does not violate Article 18 paragraph (1) of the Consumer Protection Law. Such violation constitutes a breach of the conditions for the validity of the agreement in terms of a lawful cause, thus rendering the use of exoneration clauses legally void.

This study aims to determine and analyze how the legal protection of consumers due to default in the housing loan agreement in the perspective of Consumer Protection Law No.8 of 1999. The type of research used in this study is normative juridical approach to legislation (statute aprouch) and case approach (case aprouch). The results of this study indicate that the case of default in the housing loan agreement, which occurred in the city of Gorontalo. Create legal protection against consumers (customers) who are harmed by Bank BTN who do not carry out their obligations in accordance with existing rules or regulations, where the bank does not issue housing certificates even though the consumer (customer) has paid the installments

This study aims to examine and analyze the inhibiting factors in the handling of violations of money politics practices by the Gorontalo Regency Gakkumdu Center in the 2019 general election. The research method used in this study is the empirical legal research method, which is research with field data as the main source of data, such as the results of observations and interviews. The results of this study show that in handling the practice of money politics by the Gakkumdu center of Gorontalo Regency in the 2019 general election it has gone well in accordance with the established regulations, but in terms of law enforcement given it is still not firm and relatively light it cannot make the perpetrators deterrent to their actions. And there are factors that hinder the handling process, namely the lack of time given in carrying out a case handling process. This factor makes the members of the Gorontalo Regency Gakkumdu Center not optimal in completing the handling of money politics practices that occurred during the 2019 general election.

This research is entitled “Effectiveness of Subsidized Sharia Mortgage Financing for Low- Income Communities at BTN Syariah Langsa City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with the formulation of the problem, 1) How is the implementation of Islamic mortgage financing for low-income customers at Bank BTN Langsa City?, 2) How is the effectiveness of Islamic mortgage financing for low-income people at Bank BTN Langsa City?, from the results of the research of the bank and the dispatcher have followed the regulations from the government from the housing mortgage program, but with regulations from the government, the depeloper is an obstacle they cannot freely choose customers, with regulations made by the government even though people who are gardeners are farmers and fishermen even though they are able to take mortgage housing, there are also people who feel helped by the KPR program from thegovernment.

This article aims to examine the form of legal protection for consumers on the purchase of third generation Toyota Avanza cars due to production defects. This research is a prescriptive and applied normative legal research with a statue approach and case approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials, by means of literature study of documents or library materials, and syllogism and interpretation techniques using deduction thinking. The results of this study are the form of legal protection for consumers on the purchase of third generation Toyota Avanza cars can choose two forms of legal protection described by Moch Isnaeni, namely internal legal protection and external legal protection. In internal legal protection in the form of an agreement made in the agreement to purchase a third generation Toyota Avanza car. While external legal protection is protected by laws and regulations, government regulations, and ministerial regulations. 

Mudharabah financing is used by MSME customers and non-MSME customers in Sharia banking practices because there is minimal risk for both the Sharia bank and the customer. However, the PPKM pandemic is sweeping the world so many people are affected, one of which is MSME customers, which has an impact on the performance and ability to pay MSME customers' obligations to banks. The aim of the research is to analyze the implementation of financing restructuring during the PPKM period and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing financing restructuring during the PPKM period at Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Gatot Subroto, Jambi City. Restructuring has been implemented since the inception of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The supporting factors in the implementation of restructuring at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) are internal factors originating from the bank and external factors originating from the customer, while inhibiting factors in its implementation are the lack of openness or dishonesty of customers towards the bank when asked for information, lack of communication when want to be asked for information or lack of transparency, and lack of personnel or staff who understand well the implementation of restructuring. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) is expected to be more careful and more selective in analyzing the provision of financing so that it will minimize the occurrence of problematic financing in the future and the analysis that must be carried out by Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in carrying out restructuring is expected to be guided by the bank's regulations and rules. established sharia rules.

This research was motivated by several cases resulting from the actions of naughty debtors which caused significant losses for Indonesia. There is a legal vacuum in Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, making it difficult for law enforcers to determine criminal acts committed by naughty debtors. The problem formulation taken is how banking law in Indonesia is in the perspective of legal objective theory, and what is the juridical review of bad debtors in the banking law. This research uses a normative legal research approach with a theory and legal principles approach. Several things need to be reviewed due to the impact caused by Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, namely that there is an article that can only ensnare bank employees if there is some form of criminal liability. Apart from that, there is no clause that regulates criminal sanctions for bank employees who collude with debtors. Bank Indonesia can impose administrative sanctions, but this authority is not regulated expressly and unequivocally in the Banking Law. So that Bank Indonesia has the potential to abuse its authority in determining actions.    

General elections or elections that occur in Indonesia are held regularly every 5 years, in which the general election is held in 2024, in general elections the people give their aspirations to vote to elect members of the executive and legislative members, so that members of the legislative and executive candidates register themselves with the General Election Commission (KPU) thus prospective legislative and executive members must follow the regulations issued by the KPU. Through the normative juridical research method, the approach is very relevant in examining campaign implementation deviations from the perspective of administrative law and criminal law.   The practice of legislative elections still has deviations from the law by legislative and executive candidates thus the consequences obtained by the candidates and also the role of Bawaslu must be for the affirmation of deviations in the 2024 general election.

Fraud through the internet or online-based fraud is a crime that is rife today. The increasing use of the internet turns out to open up greater opportunities for fraudsters to get money or profit from the internet. Transact in online investment activities using exchange in the form of electronic money (bitcoin). With this virtual money, now business transactions can be carried out without involving intermediaries such as banks. The main problem in this study is what is the form of fraud and embezzlement in online investment (BITCOIN) based on Kupang District Court Decision Number 129/Pid.B/2021/PN. Kpg Jo Kupang High Court Decision Number 143/Pid/2021/PT Kpg Jo Supreme Court Decision Number 422 K/Pid/2022 and whether the court decision against fraud and embezzlement under the guise of online investment (BITCOIN) is fair to the victim. This research is a normative legal research that examines based on existing decisions, laws and regulations, legal theories and opinions of scholars. The results of this study show that (1) there are two forms of criminal acts that researchers found in the verdict, namely fraud and embezzlement. (2) the aspect of justice contained in the decision that it is not fair to the victim based on the laws and regulations and criminal sanctions given to the accused. Therefore, suggestions for the results of this study are (1) It is recommended that local governments that have duties and responsibilities in solving these problems can pay attention to the application of criminal sanctions.

This article discusses the efforts of the Indonesian Financial Audit Agency (BPK) in preventing and eradicating corruption, reviewing the BPK's main role in auditing state financial management to achieve transparency, accountability and integrity in the use of public budgets. The BPK is also involved in eradicating corruption by conducting investigative audits of suspected corruption cases and revealing facts related to the perpetrators, modus operandi and state losses. In carrying out its duties, the BPK must pay attention to the Human Rights (HAM) perspective to ensure that its efforts do not violate individual rights guaranteed by the constitution and statutory regulations. This article explores how the BPK maintains its independence to carry out objective audits and provide recommendations based on valid data. With a deeper understanding of the role of the BPK, it is hoped that this article will increase appreciation of the importance of cooperation between the BPK, government and society in overcoming corruption which undermines development and human rights principles.

The proliferation of imported used clothing trade is due to clothes sold having foreign brands at cheap prices so that people who want to stay fashionable prefer imported used clothes because they are considered more affordable. The Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah University Surabaya stated that used clothing samples contained mold or yeast fungi, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria and HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). This study aims to investigate the regulations regarding the trade of secondhand clothing in Indonesia and explore the legal protection provided for consumers of secondhand clothing in the country. The study employed a normative juridical legal research method, utilizing both the statute approach and conceptual approach. It drew upon legal materials such as Law Number 8 of 1999, Law Number 36 of 2009, Law Number 7 of 2014, and Minister of Trade Regulation No. 18 of 2021. The initial finding of the research was that the importation of secondhand clothing in Indonesia has been prohibited under Minister of Trade Regulation No. 18 of 2021, Article 2, paragraph (3), while local secondhand clothing businesses are permitted based on the Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification (KBLI) with code 47742. Secondly, legal protection for secondhand clothing consumers in Indonesia has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999. One of the consumer rights that needs to be fulfilled in consumer protection is the right to compensation for losses suffered by consumers based on Article 4 number 8, Article 7 letter f, and Article 19 paragraph (1).

This research contains a description of the ratification of extra-marital children as legal children. Recognition and ratification of extra-marital children often experience differences in their determination. The research method used by the author in writing this journal is normative legal research method, this legal research examines document studies using various secondary data, such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories and opinions of scientists. Based on the results of the research, the Marriage Law does not regulate the recognition and validation of children, the Civil Code regulates recognition and validation while the Constitutional Court only focuses on the biological relationship between the child and the father. In the Determination of the Airmadidi District Court Number 175/Pdt.P/2021/PN Arm, the judge only looks at positive law without considering other aspects in the ratification of extra-marital children. This research is expected to contribute to the development of science, the author's achievement from this research is to produce scientific works in the form of theses, research journals, and as reference material for other writers in the future.  

This research aims to determine and analyze the role and position of child victims in sexual crimes and legal protection efforts through victimology theory in normative decisions. Legal materials are collected through document study, then analyzed prescriptively. The research results found that there are regulations that have not been specifically regulated to protect children from all sexual crimes. Then, the role and position of the child victim which was not assessed as a consideration by the Judge in Decision Number 102/Pid.sus/2022/PN Lbo is something that hinders legal protection efforts for children. This research also contains victimology analysis of child victims using the Carroll Formula as well as other analyzes that show the victim's position as a commercial sex worker, which shows that there is a trigger for a crime. Victimology theory in decisions is important to understand the role of child victims who are considered passive perpetrators so that the theory of justice can be included in decisions and child protection through victimology theory can be implemented.    

This study examines the theoretical basis of the Nebis In Idem principle in civil cases, especially in class actions and how the basis for the Judges' consideration in applying the Nebis In Idem principle in Class Action Decisions, where the method of approach used in this scientific work is normative juridical, namely research that analyzes laws and regulations with literature studies. Using primary source study materials in the form of regulations, while secondary legal materials include books, articles from accredited journals, besides that tertiary legal materials consist of legal dictionaries.  This journal begins with a formulation of the meaning of the application of the Nebis In Idem principle.  Then describes descriptively the relationship between Article 10 of PERMA No. 1 of 2002 concerning Class Action Procedures with Article 1917 of the Civil Code. It can be concluded that the theoretical basis of this principle is solely to provide legal protection for a person's human rights, so that a person is not tried for the same case and prioritizes legal certainty and does not let the government repeatedly talk about the same event.

The presence of the E Court system in online trials creates legal loopholes regarding violations of the defendant's rights in trials regarding Due Process Law. The court cannot ignore this fact. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study and analysis to ensure that the implementation of electronic trials does not violate important principles needed to maintain justice and the human rights of defendants during the trial process. Formulation of the Problem of this Thesis How to regulate the defendant's consent in the implementation of electronic criminal trials in Indonesia? and What is the electronic criminal trial mechanism that guarantees due process? The research method used by the author is Normative Juridical to study E-Court from the perspective of applicable laws and regulations and legal principles. The results of the research are that the regulation of the defendant's consent in carrying out criminal justice electronically in Indonesia based on Perma 4 of 2020 is an effort to protect the defendant's rights in the criminal justice process. The defendant's consent is necessary to ensure that the defendant understands his or her rights and is not forced to participate in the trial electronically. Perma Number 4 of 2020 regulates several ways to carry out electronic trials, such as defendants attending the trial from the place of detention with or without being accompanied by a Legal Advisor, or defendants who are not detained can attend the trial in the Court's court room or at the Prosecutor's office accompanied or without being accompanied by an Advisor. Law. This defendant consent mechanism must also pay attention to complete and timely notification to the defendant, the defendant's access to necessary technology, the defendant's right to be represented by a lawyer, preservation of trial recordings, and special consideration of personal rights and data security.    

The background to this thesis is that the implementation of diversion for children in the investigation process and legal processes related to juvenile criminal matters still faces significant gaps. Children's rights are often ignored in the implementation of diversion by the existing legal system. Disproportionate treatment of children in the implementation of diversion causes injustice in the handling of child criminal cases. There needs to be attention and effort to ensure that children's rights are fully recognized and respected in the implementation of diversion. Reforming the legal system to be more inclusive and attentive to children's needs is a necessary step to overcome this gap. The problem formulation for this thesis is: What is the process of investigating child criminal cases through restorative justice at the Semarang Police? and What are the obstacles and solutions in the process of investigating child criminal cases through restorative justice at the Semarang Police? The results of this thesis research are that the child diversion process at the Semarang Police is a method that involves transferring cases from the criminal court to a deliberative process, with the aim of achieving balance and restoring the situation. This approach has significant benefits, including reducing the number of children arrested, detained and sentenced to prison, as well as removing the stigma attached to them and returning them to normal behavior. In its implementation, deliberation involves a mediator who can be a trusted community figure or a school principal or teacher. The importance of a restorative judicial process is also seen in this case, involving law enforcement officials who have good intentions and understanding of children's problems. However, there are several obstacles in the child diversion process at the Semarang Police, such as excessive compensation requests, financial constraints, and the complexity of cases involving children. Apart from that, public trust in diversion regulations is also a concern that needs to be addressed.    

Duha prayer is a sunnah prayer that is carried out in the morning starting from the rising of the sun until it is time for the dhuhur prayer. At SD Negeri 1 Cibeber, the dhuha prayer is taught during Islamic religious education (PAI) lessons, but students do not master the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer. The purpose of this study was to educate students of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber grade 3 so that they have the ability and understanding of the dhuha prayer both reading lafadz and procedures for dhuha prayer in accordance with applicable regulations. This service implementation method uses the PAR method which is carried out in stages: Problem identification is carried out as a first step to formulate what will be used as material for system planning and materials in educating in this service activity. Conducted a survey of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  where the activities were carried out. Then carry out the interview and discussion process with the teacher at SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  to identify problems. The implementation of the solution or idea was carried out on 14 until 21 February, 2024 in the form of educating grade 3 students. perform the Duha prayer properly. By using this habituation method, it can improve students' ability to memorize the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer.

This policy paper examines the problem of still not optimal efforts to fulfill staff at Primary Health Care, which is indicated by the large number of staff vacancies at Primary Health Care, starting from the planning stage to staff placement. Based on the problems above, policy recommendations that can be implemented to accelerate the fulfillment of medical personnel and health workers in Primary Health Care, namely formulating new regulations that regulate the restructuring of the management of medical personnel and health workers as well as regulations that give authority to the Central Government (Menkes) to issue Practice Permits (SIP) so that it can expand the reach of health facilities according to needs The research method used is a descriptive approach from data on the availability of Primary Health Care and the number of health workers from the Ministry of Health, as well as secondary data based on performance report documents and literature studies of other documents from various sources. Accelerating equal distribution of health workers is carried out through cross-sectoral collaboration. Meanwhile, by paying attention to various aspects so that the efforts made can comprehensively encourage the achievement of the desired goals, possible policy options consist of filling health workers in Primary Health Care with the Government Employee with Work Agreement (PPPK) scheme, a policy of redistributing health workers from excess areas to areas that lack certain types of health workers, arranging practice permits, determining incentive indices for health workers, career development for health workers, cross-program and cross-sector collaboration, and fulfilling health facilities in one package with fulfilling health workers. The Ministry of Health and cross-sectoral support in accelerating the fulfillment of medical personnel and health workers in Primary Health Care to formulate new regulations governing the restructuring of the management of medical personnel and health workers as well as regulations that give authority to the Central Government (Menkes) to issue SIPs so that they can expand the reach of health facilities according to needs.

The production of clothing produced by the textile industry cannot be separated from the use of dyes. The dyes that have been used of course become waste which can have an impact on the damage to the water ecosystem if they do not go through a waste treatment process. This research discusses the extent to which law enforcement has been carried out regarding the behavior of the textile industry which disposes of its clothing dye liquid waste haphazardly when viewed from statutory regulations. In this research the author uses normative legal research methods using legal sources from primary legal materials in the form of environmental law legislation and secondary legal materials in the form of books and articles regarding waste management. The conclusion obtained in this paper is that liquid textile dye waste is a dangerous waste that can damage the condition of water and river environments if its disposal is not based on the provisions of applicable laws and regulations.