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Introduction : Bullying is aggressive behavior carried out by a person or group of people against another person or group of people who are weaker. Mental Health is a problem with emotional development, behavior and development. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between bullying and mental health among teenagers. This research uses a quantitative research design. The research method used was cross sectional. The sampling technique in this research uses random sampling with the number of respondents are 159 people. The instrument used is questionnaire sheet. This study uses Independent variable Bullying and dependent variable mental health. Data analysis in this study uses the chi-square test. The results of this study show that there is bullying behavior as many as (82.4%) and mental health was in the disturbed category as many as 129 respondents (81.1%). The statistical test results are obtained with a p-value of 0.000, a value >5. These results indicate that there is a significant relationship between bullying and mental health for respondents. It is necessary for students to respect each other without looking at their background, physique or any differences to be good friends, get along well, support each other, provide assistance and try not to bully weak friends and the school is expected to pay more attention to bullying actions that occur in school environment.

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels in the blood. This results in a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen throughout the body. Consequently, individuals with anemia may experience various symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. The main causes of anemia are generally due to a lack of knowledge about this condition and deficiencies in nutrients such as iron.The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge among ninth-grade female students regarding the prevention of anemia and their ability to prevent it. This study uses a descriptive research method, focusing on describing the level of knowledge of ninth-grade female students about the prevention of anemia.The study uses the Total Sampling method as the sampling technique, which means that all members of the population are included as respondents. Therefore, the number of respondents in this study is equal to the total population of female students, which are 54 individuals. Data collection is conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 20 items covering indicators such as the definition of anemia, its etiology, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention.The results of the study show that knowledge regarding the definition of anemia is in the good category for 35 respondents (64.8%), knowledge about etiology is in the fair category for 35 respondents (64.8%), knowledge of signs and symptoms was in the fair category for 45 respondents (83.3%), knowledge about treatment is in the good category for 33 respondents (61.1%), and knowledge of prevention is in the fair category for 32 respondents (59.3%).It is hoped that by increasing the knowledge of ninth-grade female students about the prevention of anemia, schools and health workers can work together to carry out regular health education.

This community service program is designed to enhance the competence of English teachers at SMP N 33 Purworejo in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media, particularly deep learning technology. In the digital era, many teachers still face limitations in integrating intelligent technology into classroom activities, which affects the effectiveness of learning. The program was carried out in four stages: the provision of basic materials on AI and deep learning, technical training on the use of AI applications, practical development of learning media, and mentoring combined with evaluation. The results of this activity show an increase in teachers’ understanding and skills in operating AI tools, with each participant producing at least one AI-based learning media product. Through workshops, teachers learned to use applications such as chatbots, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and AI-assisted language tools to enrich students’ learning experiences. In addition, teachers were guided to design contextual media tailored to curriculum goals and student needs. Mentoring ensured that the products created were tested, improved, and ready to be applied in the classroom. The novelty of this activity lies in its focus on practical implementation of deep learning in junior high school English teaching, positioning teachers not only as users but also as creators of innovative media. Beyond technical competence, this program fosters collaboration among teachers to sustain innovation. In the long term, the outcomes are expected to improve students’ engagement, motivation, and communication skills, and contribute to the establishment of a digital learning ecosystem that supports interactive, effective, and future-oriented education.

This community service program is designed to enhance the competence of English teachers at SMP N 33 Purworejo in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based learning media, particularly deep learning technology. In the digital era, many teachers still face limitations in integrating intelligent technology into classroom activities, which affects the effectiveness of learning. The program was carried out in four stages: the provision of basic materials on AI and deep learning, technical training on the use of AI applications, practical development of learning media, and mentoring combined with evaluation. The results of this activity show an increase in teachers’ understanding and skills in operating AI tools, with each participant producing at least one AI-based learning media product. Through workshops, teachers learned to use applications such as chatbots, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and AI-assisted language tools to enrich students’ learning experiences. In addition, teachers were guided to design contextual media tailored to curriculum goals and student needs. Mentoring ensured that the products created were tested, improved, and ready to be applied in the classroom. The novelty of this activity lies in its focus on practical implementation of deep learning in junior high school English teaching, positioning teachers not only as users but also as creators of innovative media. Beyond technical competence, this program fosters collaboration among teachers to sustain innovation. In the long term, the outcomes are expected to improve students’ engagement, motivation, and communication skills, and contribute to the establishment of a digital learning ecosystem that supports interactive, effective, and future-oriented education.

Science education at the junior high school level demands learning strategies that encourage active student engagement as well as enhance conceptual understanding. The low learning outcomes of students in the science subject of ecosystem materials emphasizes the need for learning innovations that focus on student activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in improving the learning outcomes of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tumpaan. The research was conducted in the form of Classroom Action Research with two cycles, each of which included the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were 30 students of grade VIII. The research instrument is in the form of learning outcome tests given at the pre-cycle stage, post-test cycle I, and post-test cycle II. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measurement tests to ascertain the significance of improving learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in students' average scores from 58 in the pre-cycle to 75.33 in the first cycle, and 79.5 in the second cycle. The percentage of learning completeness also increased from 20% to 66.67% in the first cycle, and reached 80% in the second cycle. Repeated measurement analysis showed significant differences between stages with strong positive correlation values. These findings confirm that PBL is effective in improving science learning outcomes, encouraging active student involvement, and improving the equitable distribution of achievement in the classroom. This research has implications for the importance of implementing PBL as an innovative learning strategy in junior high schools to support the achievement of science literacy and 21st century skill development

Dysmenorrhea is a painful cramping or aching sensation in the lower abdomen, often radiating to the lower back, hips, and thighs. This condition significantly affects daily activities, limiting women’s physical and academic performance, particularly among female students who frequently experience dysmenorrhea during menstruation. Various interventions can help prevent or reduce the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea, including specific physical exercises such as McKenzie exercises and Kegel exercises. McKenzie exercises focus on strengthening and mobilizing the lower back and abdominal muscles, whereas Kegel exercises target the pelvic floor muscles to enhance circulation and reduce uterine tension. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in effectiveness between Kegel exercises and McKenzie exercises in alleviating dysmenorrhea pain among adolescents aged 12–15 years at SMP Negeri 28 Semarang. The study employed an experimental two-group pre-posttest design with a total sample of 22 female students who met the inclusion criteria. The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) technique was used to assign participants to the intervention groups. Pain intensity was measured using the Quadruple Visual Analog Scale (QVAS) both before and after the interventions, which were administered three times per week over a three-week period. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain for both groups, with a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating that both McKenzie and Kegel exercises effectively decreased dysmenorrhea pain. The study concluded that there is a measurable difference in the effectiveness of these two exercise interventions, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate physical exercises tailored to adolescent students for dysmenorrhea management. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for educators, healthcare providers, and adolescents seeking non-pharmacological strategies to reduce menstrual pain and improve quality of life.

Indonesian language learning at the junior high school level often faces challenges such as low student motivation, participation, and comprehension in reading, writing, and listening materials. The predominance of lecture-based methods and textbooks leads to suboptimal student engagement, especially in online or hybrid learning. This community service activity at SMP S Methodist 1 Rantau Prapat aims to enhance students’ understanding as well as teachers’ capacity through the application of interactive learning media. The media used include interactive PowerPoint, Wordwall, and H5P, which allow adaptive quizzes, writing exercises, and game-based activities. The implementation methods involve initial observation, development of interactive curriculum-based materials, socialization, teacher training, classroom implementation, and evaluation using pre-tests and post-tests. Data were collected through comprehension tests, classroom participation observations, and short interviews. The results showed a significant improvement: the students’ average post-test scores increased compared to the pre-test, with more active classroom participation in interactive quizzes and discussions. Teachers also felt more supported in delivering lessons and gained new skills in using digital media. In conclusion, the application of interactive media proved effective in improving the quality of Indonesian language learning and can serve as a sustainable model for secondary schools.

The research question in this study is: Is there a difference in the impact of implementing the command teaching method and the reciprocal teaching method on the development of basic underhand passing techniques in volleyball? This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the command teaching method and the reciprocal teaching method on the learning achievement of basic underhand passing techniques in volleyball among students at SMP Negeri 3 Tondano. The research approach applied was an experiment with a ‘Randomized Two Group Pre-test and Post-test Design’. The research sample included 20 students, divided into two groups: 10 students were taught using the command method and 10 students using the reciprocal method. The instrument used was an evaluation of basic underhand passing techniques in volleyball. Data analysis used normality, homogeneity, and t-tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study show that tcount = 2.69 > ttable = 2.101, which means there is a significant difference. This analysis shows that there is a difference in the impact of the command teaching method and the reciprocal teaching method on the development of basic underhand passing skills in volleyball among students at SMP Negeri 3 Tondano. The conclusion of this research is that the command teaching method is more effective than the reciprocal teaching method in improving basic underhand passing skills in volleyball.

Water is an essential component in the body that plays a role in various physiological functions, including concentration and learning performance in adolescents. However, teenagers' awareness to consume enough water is still low. This service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of SMP Negeri 1 Kolaka students about the importance of drinking water through health education. The activity method was carried out by interactive counseling using PowerPoint media displayed through an LCD projector and conducted in the school hall on 19 November 2024, attended by 70 students from classes VII to IX. The material was delivered in an engaging manner and was complemented by discussion sessions. The results of the activity showed an increase in student enthusiasm and participation, as well as an awareness to start bringing drinking water to school and reduce the consumption of sugary drinks. This activity proved effective in fostering students' understanding of the importance of adequate hydration for health. The students expressed a greater willingness to incorporate healthier habits, particularly bringing water to school and making informed choices about hydration. Moreover, they became more aware of the negative impacts of sugary drinks. The activity's success highlights the importance of continued support from schools to create a healthy learning environment and to encourage healthy behaviors that can positively impact students' overall health and academic performance.

The purpose of this research is to find out how the professional competence of teachers in utilizing ICT in the teaching and learning process at SMPN 6 Poco Ranaka, East Manggarai. This research is qualitative research, using a qualitative descriptive design that describes the professional competence of teachers, especially in utilizing ICT in learning starting from the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating. There are ten teachers as the subject of this research. The data collection instruments used observation and interviews. In this study, researcher can conclude that in teaching preparation showed that there were only seven of ten teachers used ICT in classroom learning and they also prepared material and ICT services. Meanwhile, there were three teachers which are not ready to use ICT in the teaching preparation. In utilization while teaching process showed that seven of ten teachers who were ready to used ICT, but sometimes the teachers were used ICT only as needed because the ICT needs of each subject teacher are different. The last, in utilization in teaching evaluation activities showed that teachers used ICT in certain activities, such as keep an archive of students' daily grades by utilizing ICT, in the other side the teachers who were more dominant in using ICT during the evaluation were ICT subject teachers.

The effect of the integrated interactive Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) module on learning interest and creative thinking skills of class VII students at SMPN 23 Pekanbaru was the focus of this study. One of the learning resources that is particularly suitable for the 21st century is interactive modules. These modules serve as detailed learning packages designed to help students achieve their learning objectives. The Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) approach used in this study aims to not only increase students' interest and readiness to learn but also enhance their creative thinking skills. The purpose of this research was to examine and analyze the effect of the integrated interactive ESD module on learning interest and creative thinking skills, and to describe the correlation between learning interest and creative thinking skills in students. The study employed a quasi-experimental design combined with correlation analysis, using instruments such as a learning interest questionnaire and a creative thinking skills test. The findings of the study indicated that the integrated interactive ESD module had a significant effect on both the learning interest and the creative thinking skills of students. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between learning interest and creative thinking skills, suggesting that enhancing students' engagement in the learning process through interactive modules can foster the development of their creative thinking abilities. These results highlight the importance of interactive learning resources in supporting student achievement in the 21st century

Vaginal discharge is a reproductive health problem that commonly occurs in adolescent women and can be influenced by the individual’s level of knowledge and attitude towards intimate organ hygiene. Lack of understanding can increase the risk of pathological vaginal discharge. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the incidence of vaginal discharge in adolescent women. Based on data obtained from a research study conducted at SMPN 5 Pangkalpinang class VIII in February 2025, 7 out of 10 female students have experienced vaginal discharge. This means that most of the eighth grade female students who have experienced puberty experience whiteness in their lives. This research uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 68 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test. The research results showed that 57 (83.8%) respondents had experienced vaginal discharge, while the other 11 respondents (16.2%) had never experienced vaginal discharge. In the knowledge variable, 51 (75%) respondents had low knowledge, 13 (19.1%) had sufficient knowledge and the remaining 4 (5.9%) had high knowledge, while for the attitude variable 55 (80.9%) had a negative attitude, 13 (19.1%) other respondents had a positive attitude towards the incidence of vaginal discharge at SMPN 5 Pangkalpinang. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards vaginal discharge with a Sig value of p = .000 < 0.05.It is recommended that the SMPN 5 Pangkalpinang school provide education, promotion or health education about the incidence of vaginal discharge, so that it can improve the health status of teenagers. And for educational institutions to further deepen students’ knowledge of health by increasing knowledge about the incidence of vaginal discharge, especially in adolescents.

This research is entitled “Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) Based on the Canva Application to Improve Procedure Text Writing Skills of Grade VII Students at Tiara Private Junior High School, Bandar Setia.” The background of this study is the low ability of students to write procedure texts, which is caused by the limited use of attractive and interactive learning media. To address this issue, the study developed a Canva-based LKPD designed to enhance students’ writing skills. The research method employed was Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research instruments included validation sheets for material experts, language experts, and media experts, as well as questionnaires to gather responses from teachers and students. The validation results indicate that the Canva-based LKPD is highly feasible for use in learning, with a material expert validation score of 96.36%, language expert 87%, media expert 87%, teacher response 94%, and student response 92%. Furthermore, implementation results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ ability to write procedure texts, as evidenced by an increase in average scores from pretest to posttest. These findings suggest that the Canva-based LKPD is an effective and innovative learning medium that can facilitate students in improving their writing skills, particularly in learning procedure texts in Indonesian language classes. This research also contributes to the development of creative digital media for education in the current technological era.

The Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK) is an essential instrument designed to comprehensively measure student competence, including literacy, numeracy, and character aspects. However, in practice, many students still face various challenges during preparation, such as cognitive limitations, psychological readiness, and technical barriers, which affect their overall readiness to participate in ANBK. This study aims to analyze the readiness level of students at SMP Negeri 2 Kuala by employing the Rough Set method. The variables examined include digital literacy, subject matter understanding, psychological readiness, and school facility support. Data were collected from 250 ninth-grade students through structured questionnaires and subsequently processed using the Rosetta software to perform attribute reduction and generate decision rules. The findings indicate that digital literacy, subject matter understanding, and psychological readiness are the most influential variables in determining student readiness, while facility support serves only as a complementary factor. The extraction process generated seven decision rules with an accuracy level of 100%, which effectively classified students into three readiness categories: highly ready, ready, and less ready. These results confirm that the Rough Set method is highly effective for identifying dominant factors and producing decision rules that can guide schools in developing targeted strategies to enhance student readiness for ANBK.

Pendidik memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar dalam membentuk generasi penerus bangsa. Di Indonesia, tantangan dunia pendidikan masih sangat kompleks, mulai dari rendahnya kualitas lulusan, lemahnya karakter, hingga maraknya kasus kekerasan dalam pendidikan. Amsal 22:6 memberikan dasar teologis bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha membimbing anak sesuai jalan yang benar agar tetap bertahan hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran pendidik dalam mengoptimalkan potensi peserta didik di SMP Nasional Plus BPK Penabur Bogor dengan perspektif Alkitabiah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus melalui wawancara daring dengan siswa, guru, dan orang tua, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab pendidik bukan hanya mentransfer pengetahuan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter, mengembangkan bakat, dan menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Optimalisasi dilakukan melalui kurikulum berbasis Kristiani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta pembiasaan karakter. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara pendidik, orang tua, dan sekolah dalam membentuk generasi yang berkarakter, beriman, dan berkompetensi.

This study aims to determine the effect of peer pressure on smoking behavior among adolescents at SMP Negeri 16 Kupang. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of increasing smoking behavior among adolescents, which is greatly influenced by the dynamics of social relationships, especially peer groups. Adolescents are at a developmental stage where social acceptance and the need to be part of a group are very important, so they are vulnerable to the influence of the social environment, including peer pressure to try smoking behavior. This study uses a quantitative approach with the product moment correlation analysis method. The study sample consisted of 223 adolescent respondents aged 11–17 years who were selected proportionally from various classes at SMP Negeri 16 Kupang. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed a significant relationship between peer pressure and smoking behavior, with a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means the hypothesis is accepted. The correlation value (R) of 0.317 indicates a positive relationship between the two variables, although in the moderate category. The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.100 indicates that peer pressure influences smoking behavior by 10%, while the remaining 90% is influenced by other factors such as family environment, media influence, self-esteem, and adolescent psychological conditions. The correlation between peer pressure and smoking behavior was mostly moderate. Interestingly, the results also showed that female adolescents in this study were more likely to exhibit high smoking behavior than male adolescents, indicating a shift in social behavior patterns in female adolescents. These findings have important implications for educators, parents, and policymakers in designing more effective smoking prevention programs that take into account social pressure factors and gender differences.

Personal hygiene during menstruation is a crucial aspect in maintaining the reproductive health of adolescent girls. Failure to adhere to personal hygiene practices during menstruation can potentially lead to various health problems, such as reproductive tract infections, pruritus vulvae, and vaginal discharge. Parents play a crucial role in shaping healthy behaviors in adolescent girls by providing education regarding the reproductive process and how to properly care for their genitals. Parents' roles in this context are considered effective if they actively provide reproductive health education, establish open communication, and model healthy behaviors. This education includes providing accurate information about reproductive organ function, techniques for cleaning genitalia during menstruation, and discussing health issues related to menstruation. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental role and menstrual personal hygiene practices among adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Sambirejo, Sragen. The study used a quantitative method with a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 81 respondents, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires on parental roles and menstrual personal hygiene practices. The results showed that 53 respondents (65.4%) had parents with good roles, and 62 respondents (76.5%) had good menstrual personal hygiene practices. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank test resulted in a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Thus, there is a significant relationship between parental roles and menstrual personal hygiene practices in adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Sambirejo. This finding underscores the importance of parents' role in supporting proper menstrual hygiene practices through providing accurate information, open communication, and examples of healthy behavior, thus contributing to the prevention of reproductive health disorders among adolescents.

This study aims to determine the level of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and revenge sleep procrastination (RBP) among MTs/SMP students in District X, while also examining the relationship between the two variables. The problem of excessive smartphone use among adolescents is increasingly important to study because it can impact sleep quality, learning concentration, and mental health. This research approach uses a quantitative correlational method with data collection through a bold questionnaire (Google Form). The research sample consisted of 103 MTs/SMP students in District X who were selected using an incidental sampling technique. The RBP variable measurement scale was developed by the researcher with reference to aspects proposed by Kroese et al. (2014). Meanwhile, the PSU Scale was developed based on dimensions formulated by Foerster et al. (2015), including withdrawal, desire, loss of control, dependence on peers, and negative life consequences. The results of the correlation analysis showed that PSU had a very strong positive relationship with RBP (r = 0.833) and was statistically significant (p < 0.000). This means that the higher a person's tendency to experience problematic smartphone use, the greater the likelihood of revenge bedtime delay. Among the dimensions of PSU, withdrawal showed the highest correlation with RBP (r = 0.831). This was followed by negative life consequences (r = 0.778), craving (r = 0.577), loss of control (r = 0.489), and dependence on peers (r = 0.333). Overall, this study concludes that PSU plays a significant role in increasing RBP trends among students. These findings highlight the urgent need for awareness and intervention programs to reduce excessive smartphone use among adolescents. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for schools and parents in designing strategies to prevent the negative impacts of smartphone use on adolescents.

Mortalitas dan morbiditas pada wanita merupakan masalah yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup serius, terutama di negara berkembang dan memiliki iklim tropis layaknya Negara Indonesia. Personal hygiene dan sanitasi berada pada nomor 3 dan kesehatan reproduksi berada pada nomor 8 dalam 10 faktor resiko utama penyebab kesakitan kematian pada usia remaja. Remaja pada masa pubertas mengalami perubahan fisik yang ditandai dengan terjadinya menstruasi. Saat menstruasi jika personal hygiene buruk bisa mengakibatkan infeksi saluran reproduksi (ISR), infeksi saluran kemih (ISK), penyakit radang panggul (PRP), dan kemungkinan terburuknya bisa menyebabkan kanker serviks. Salah satu cara untuk menghindari masalah tersebut yaitu dengan melakukan praktik perilaku personal hygiene saat menstruasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku personal hygiene pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 4 Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel secara non propability sampling dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 48 responden (63,3%) berperilaku baik, sedangkan responden yang berperilaku buruk berjumlah 28 responden (36,8). Temuan ini menunjukkan gambaran perilaku yang baik.

Background: Menstruation is the result of a complex interaction that involves the hormonal system and body organs, namely the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries and uterus. Things that affect the age of menarche are nutritional status, diet, family economic status, and sports activities.BMI is determined by body weight and height. The impact if young women experience early menarche, which is less than 12 years old, is at risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer To find out the relationship between body mass index values ​​and the age of menarche in young women at Abulyatama Middle School, Aceh Besar district in 2023. This research method is analytic with a cross sectional study design. Using Independent Variables and dependent variables. Sampling technique Random sampling.Data analysis using Chi Square. Results The showed that out of 30 respondents whose body mass index was underweight, 13 respondents (43.3%) had overweight nutritional status, 10 respondents (33.3%) and normal nutritional status, 7 respondents (23.3%). Conclusion: the relationship between body mass index values ​​and menarche age in young women at Abulyatama Junior High School, Aceh Besar District. Based on the test results using Chi Square, it is known that P Value = 0.013, then Ho is rejected, Ha is accepted.