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Background: Prevalence of patients with mild cedar heads recorded from March to July 2023 in the Emergency Room of RSUD Dr. Moewardi as many as 757 cases, and most of them complained of pain in the head, pain in CKR patients by nurses can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy such as behavioral therapy (relaxation, hypnotherapy, biofeedback). One of the relaxation techniques used is slow deep breathing. Objective: Changes in the application of the Slow Deep Breathing technique to reducing pain scale in mild head injury patients at RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Method : the method used in this application is a descriptive method. In this application, pain scale measurements were carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale both before and after slow deep breathing was carried out. Findings : the results of the implementation that has been done, it was found that respondent I experienced a decrease in the pain scale from a scale of 8 to a scale of 7, respondent II experienced a decrease in the pain scale from a scale of 6 to a scale of 4. Implication : slow deep breathing can reduce the pain scale in patients with mild head injuries at Dr. Moewardi.

Special attention should be paid to reproductive health, especially among adolescents, especially women. Dysmenorrhea is pain experienced in adolescence.  The causes of dysmenorrhea are levels of the hormone progesterone, prostaglandins, and stress/factors. Exercise for dysmenorrhea can prevent it. Dysmenorrhea gymnastics is a technique that guarantees comfortable and stress-free conditions during dysmenorrhea. The body produces endorphins during exercise. The purpose of this study was to the Effect of Dysminore Gymnastics on Reducing Pain Scale in Female Students at STIKes Pelita Ibu Campus. This study used pre-experimental research methods. Conducted on 161 students with a research period of 3 days and a sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The results of the analysis using the McNemar Test X2 value calculated 103,221 > 3.841 and p value 0.000 < 0.05, meaning dysminore exercise has an effect on reducing menstrual pain. It was concluded that there was an influence of Dysminore Gymnastics on Decreasing the Pain Scale in Female Students at the STIKes Pelita Ibu Campus. It is recommended the need for increased education for women and especially menstrual pain sufferers where by improving exercise routines both before menstruation and while menstruation is highly recommended as a prevention of menstrual pain which has an impact on limiting activities.

Special attention should be paid to reproductive health, especially among adolescents, especially women. Dysmenorrhea is pain experienced in adolescence.  The causes of dysmenorrhea are levels of the hormone progesterone, prostaglandins, and stress/factors. Exercise for dysmenorrhea can prevent it. Dysmenorrhea gymnastics is a technique that guarantees comfortable and stress-free conditions during dysmenorrhea. The body produces endorphins during exercise. The purpose of this study was to the Effect of Dysminore Gymnastics on Reducing Pain Scale in Female Students at STIKes Pelita Ibu Campus. This study used pre-experimental research methods. Conducted on 161 students with a research period of 3 days and a sampling technique, namely accidental sampling. The results of the analysis using the McNemar Test X2 value calculated 103,221 > 3.841 and p value 0.000 < 0.05, meaning dysminore exercise has an effect on reducing menstrual pain. It was concluded that there was an influence of Dysminore Gymnastics on Decreasing the Pain Scale in Female Students at the STIKes Pelita Ibu Campus. It is recommended the need for increased education for women and especially menstrual pain sufferers where by improving exercise routines both before menstruation and while menstruation is highly recommended as a prevention of menstrual pain which has an impact on limiting activities.

Background: The prevalence of extreme pain in medical and surgical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is more than 80.0%. One of the nonpharmacological therapies that can be used to control pain is the distraction technique with music therapy, where this application uses gamelan music therapy. Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of gamelan music therapy to reduce postoperative pain intensity in the Intensive Care Unit of Pandan Arang Hospital Boyolali. Method: The design used in this application is using a descriptive case study approach. Application is carried out for 30 minutes 2x a day in 4 consecutive days. Findings: Comparison of the final results of application showed that on the 4th day after the implementation of the VDS scale the two respondents were the same, namely on the pain scale 3. The results of the CPOT scale on the 4th day of Mrs. W after implementation are a scale of 4. The results of the CPOT scale on the 4th day of Mrs. S after implementation are a scale of 3. Implication: From the final results of the application before and after it can be concluded that gamelan music therapy can reduce the intensity of pain in postoperative patients in the ICU of Pandan Arang Hospital Boyolali.  

Elderly is a process of experiencing anatomical, physiological and biochemical aging in organ tissues which can affect the state of function and ability of the body as a whole (Fatmah, 2019). In Indonesia, fracture cases are the third largest cause of death under coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. According to data compiled by Wrong Diagnosis (Ropyanto, et al, 2013), Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia that experiences the most fractures of 1.3 million each year out of a population of around 238 million. In postoperative fracture patients, they experience delays in making movements due to muscle weakness and perceived pain (Ningsih, 2019). In an elderly person, it will bring about a complete change in his physique related to a decrease in the ability of the body's tissues, especially in physiological functions in the musculoskeletal system and the neurological system. One of the changes that occur in the elderly is a change in decreased muscle strength, the impact of decreased muscle strength is an increased risk of falling and causes walking to be less stable (Padila, 2020). Purpose: ROM is an exercise used to improve normal joint movement to increase muscle tone. Doing ROM exercises early can increase muscle strength so that it can stimulate more motor units involved, there will be an increase in muscle strength (Anggriani et al., 2020) Method: Using a muscle strength scale instrument. Conclusion: That Range Of Motion has benefits and is

Pain is an uncomfortable and highly individualized feeling that others cannot feel. Lidocaine is a drug to relieve pain or has a numbing effect on the body. This study aims to determine the effect of lidocaine use on the pain level of urinary retention patients during catheter insertion in the emergency room of Dr Haryoto Lumajang Hospital. The research design used quasi-experiments with Two Group Post-test design. Accidental sampling was used to determine the number of samples and obtained 30 respondents, every 15 people in the intervention group and control group. The pain was measured using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) pain scale. The intervention group was given lidocaine 2% as much as one ampoule mixed with lubricant inserted into the urethra using a syringe. The control group only used lubricant. Statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney U Test. In the intervention group, 11 (73.3%) respondents experienced mild pain, and 4 (26.7%) respondents felt moderate pain. In the control group, 14 (93.3%) respondents experienced moderate pain and 1 (6.7%) respondent felt severe pain. Statistical test with a p-value of 0.000 means that lidocaine use has an effect on the pain level of patients with urine retention during catheter insertion. Taking into account the findings of this study, nursing can play a role in improving patient experience and providing better care during catheter insertion in patients with urine retention.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate that can cause obstruction of the prostatic urethra. One of the measures to treat patients with benign prostate hyperplasia is surgery. Surgery can irritate the bladder mucosa, causing pain. One of the non-pharmacological pain management that can be used is Benson relaxation. This relaxation is an action to free mentally and physically from tension and stress so that it can increase tolerance to pain. The purpose, the application of Benson relaxation was carried out for 2 days with a frequency of 2 times a day and a duration of 15 minutes. Methods of this research includes descriptive research with a case study approach, which aims to determine the description and effect of differences between 1 patients in the application of Benson therapy to reduce pain in postoperative patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The results of study, researchers get an overview of the application of benzene therapy so that the results show that both respondents experienced a decrease in pain, the respondent complained of pain on a 6 scale after 2 days of benzene relaxation pain complaints decreased with a pain scale of 3. In conclusion, the application of Benson relaxation has an effect on reducing pain scale in postoperative patients with benign prostate hyperplasia.

Introduction : Pain in labor is pain due to uterine contractions which can lead to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and if not treated it will increase feelings of worry, tension, fear and stress. Warm and cold water compress therapy is a non-pharmacological method to meet the need for comfort and to treat pain. Objective : to determine the effectiveness of giving warm and cold compresses to reduce pain in active phase 1 infartu mothers at RSIA Siti Khadidjah Aisyiyah, Gorontalo city. Research Methods : One group of subjects will be used in this study with a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pre-post test strategy to determine cause and effect. Before the intervention, the subject group was monitored, and then after the intervention. Mothers who were in the early phase of the active phase of physiological labor in the VK room of RSIA Siti Khadijah Aisyiyah, Gorontalo City, were used as research subjects. Research Results : The results of this study found acute pain in the four patients, it was found that 2 patients were given warm water compresses, the pain level decreased to a pain scale of 4 (moderate) and in the administration of cold water compresses to 2 patients, the pain level decreased to a pain scale of 6 and 5 (currently). Conclusion : the conclusion of this study is seen from the level of pain that has decreased when given warm water or cold water compresses. Hot and cold compress therapy is a non-pharmacological method to treat pain.

Bacground Sectio caesarea is a procedure that involves cutting the uterine and abdominal walls to deliver a fetus. This study aims to determine the application of hand-held relaxation techniques to reducing the pain scale of post-section caesarea patients at RSIA Sitti Khadijah Aisyiyah, Gorontalo City. Method : The method used is descriptive analytic with a case study approach on 4 Post sectio caesarea patients with pain at RSIA Sitti Khadijah Aisyiyah Gorontalo City which includes nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing implementation and nursing evaluation. The process of applying this finger-held relaxation technique is carried out for 1 day. Measurement of the pain scale was carried out before and after the hand-held relaxation technique was carried out and using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale measuring instrument. Result : So the results obtained before and after the relaxation technique was carried out, the pain intensity decreased. This case study shows that after finger grip relaxation was performed in patients I, II, III, and IV who experienced postoperative sectio caesarea pain, the result was a change in the pain scale from a moderate pain scale to a mild pain scale. Conslusion : There is a significant effect of the application of finger grip relaxation techniques in post op section caesarean patients for changes in pain levels.

Background: Osgood-Schlatter (OSD) Including the most common injuries that occur during productive age, this  condition occurs due to inflammation of the patellar tendon insertion at the tuberosity of the tibia. Osgood Schlatter usually occurs in children and adolescents who are active in sports, usually occurs in male adolescents aged 13-14 years and female adolescents aged 10-11 years. Purpose: Reducing pain in the right knee, reducing edema, maintaining muscle strength and increasing muscle mass M.Quadriceps, M.Hamstrings, M.Gastrocnemius, M.Gluteus, M.Adductor hip, M.Pectineus, M.Adductor longus, M. Adductor brevis, M. Adductor magnus, M. Gracilis. evaluated with 8 items sport scale. Methods: This study involved boys aged 12 years who experienced Osgood-schlatter. The exercise program was carried out for 3 weeks. Results: In this study, patients were followed up every week. The patient underwent physiotherapy sessions for 3 weeks. Patients are given measurements for muscle strength, increase in LGS, changes in segment circumference, and are obtained from the patient's ADL. Conclusion: In this study it can be concluded that after being given intervention for 3 weeks there were still no changes in Pain Level, Muscle Strength Level, Range of Joint Motion, Segment Circumference and Activity Daily Living in patients with the Osgood- Schalatter condition.

Introduction: Head injury is a traumatic disorder of brain function that does not result in a disconnection of brain continuity and can occur with or without interstitial hemorrhage of the brain substance. Purpose:Acute pain is one of the nursing problems experienced by patients with head injuries. To analyze the application of finger hold therapy interventions in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries. Research methods: is Pre Experimental, which is a design with a One group pre test post test design approach, when this study was carried out from December 21, 2022 to January 23, 2023, with a sample of 6 patients. Research Results: The frequency of patients who experienced moderate pain levels before treatment was 4 patients (66.7.7%), and severe pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%) while the distribution of psien frequency who experienced mild pain levels after treatment was 3 respondents (50.0%), moderate pain levels were 1 patient (16.7%) and berst pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%). This shows that there is no change in pain levels in patients with severe pain scales, because finger hold terap cannot be applied to patients with severe pain levels.Conclusion :This study showed that there is an effect of finger hold therapy in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries

Spinal pain in pregnancy is caused by hormonal, musculoskeletal, and stressful changes. Spinal pain in pregnancy if left untreated will have an impact on the quality of life and daily activities of pregnant women The management of spinal pain in pregnancy can include pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological pain management is warm water therapy. Warm water therapy provides the effect of rirelaxation, vasodilation of blood vessels, removes metabolic waste that is no longer in use, and reduces muscle spasmsThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022 This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent with one group pre-test post-test. The total population of 64 respondents with a sample of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, the independent variable was warm water therapy and the dependent variable was the reduction of spinal pain in pregnant women. The results of the spinal pain scale study before warm water therapy were carried out on a moderate pain scale (4-6) there were 15 respondents with a percentage (50%). And after a warm compress was carried out, there were 18 respondents with a percentage (60%). The result of p value is 0.000 (<0.05), so Ha is accepted. There is an effect of providing warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Rsu at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022The conclusion of this study is the effect of warm water therapy on reducing bone pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022. It is hoped that there will be further research on other non-pharmacological techniques against spinal pain in pregnancy.

Background: Pre-operative anxiety is the fear of pain after surgery, physical changes, facing surgical equipment and staff, death during anesthesia, failure of surgery or complications during surgery. Anxiety in patients who will undergo surgery can be overcome with non-framacological therapy, namely SEFT therapy which has a positive impact on reducing preoperative patient anxiety. Purpose: This case study aims to determine whether implementing SEFT therapy can reduce anxiety in preoperative patients Method : The method is a case study focusing on one patient. First, a numerical rating scale was utilised to measure the intensity of anxiety of the patients using the STAI (State-Traite Anxiety Inventory), then using SEFT therapy over of 3 stages, namely set-up, tune-in, and tapping between 10-15 minutes 1 time per day for 2 days, then re-evaluate using STAI to measure anxiety levels after the intervention  Results: The results show that using the SEFT therapeutic intervention, the preoperative patient's anxiety level decreased from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety Suggestion: Nurses could provide education to patients and their families in order to be able to reduce anxiety in the pre-operative phase so that patients can become more relaxed and comfortable.

Sectio caesarea delivery is a form of labor process that is carried out by making incisions in the abdominal wall and uterine wall to deliver the fetus from the uterus. Patients who give birth by cesarean section method will usually feel various discomforts. One of the discomforts felt is pain originating from an abdominal incision. So we need a management that can reduce complications and improve quality in post partum mothers, namely by doing foot massage relaxation techniques. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of foot massage in reducing pain in post-cesarean section patients. This study used a case study method with a nursing care approach, namely taking 1 patient as a descriptive analysis. Methods of data collection by interviews, observation, pre-test, intervention, and post-test. The research was conducted on March 16-18 2023 at the PKU Gamping Firdaus Ward. The results of the case study showed a decrease in the pain scale in post sectio caesarea patients after foot massage was performed. From the results of the case study, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of foot massage on changes in pain in post-cesarean section patients.

Pregnancy is a physiological process that occurs due to the process of growth and development of a fetus. During the development of pregnancy there will be physical and mental changes. One of the physical changes that occur during pregnancy is pregnant women experience complaints of back pain, especially in III trimester. Efforts to reduce back pain in third trimester pregnant women are using prenatal yoga. This case study purpose to determine the effect of applying prenatal yoga on back pain in III trimester pregnant women. The method in this study is a case study on clients of III trimester pregnant women. Patients were measured with OPQRSUV and used NRS instrument to determine pain scale before and after prenatal yoga intervention. The intervention was carried out for 3 days with 15-30 minutes every session. The results of this case study showed that prenatal yoga intervention in pregnant women can reduce the level of back pain from scale 4 to scale 2 within 3 days intervention. The implication of this case study is prenatal yoga which consists of 6 effective movements to help reduce the scale of pain in III trimester pregnant women because it can relax the body of pregnant women.

Engorgement of the breast are a condition that is prone to occur for mothers with IUFD. This is because the milk is not completely emptied, but left alone, causing the milk to remain inside and the breasts to swell. Nursing Intervention Combination of Cold Cabbage Compresses and Breast Bandaging is an effort to reduce breast discomfort and swelling in women with IUFD. The research method uses case studies with pre-post intervention. The sample of this study was 1 post IUFD mother on the first day. The measuring instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain scale and the Six Point Engorgement Scale (SPES) Check List to measure the scale of breast swelling experienced in post partum mothers with IUFD. The combination intervention of Cold Cabbage Compresses and Breast Bandaging was carried out for 3 days when the patient was hospitalized 2-3 times/day and observations were made to find out complaints of pain and swelling in the mother's breasts. The results showed a decrease in the level of pain scale (from scale 4 (moderate) to scale 0 (no pain) and breast swelling scale (from scale 5 to scale 1 (breasts felt soft)) in respondents after 3 days of intervention. Conclusions Combination Compresses Cold Cabbage and Breast Bandaging are effective for reducing breast discomfort and swelling in women with IUFD.

People with gout arthritis complain of pain in the joints, toes, hands, knees and have never used lemongrass water to reduce joint pain and choose analgesic drugs as pain relief. Lemongrass plant contains essential oil that has chemical properties and pharmacological effects, namely a spicy and warm taste as an anti- inflammatory and relieving analgesic pain.. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) on the reduction of gout arthritis pain in The Community In The 1st Winenet Village, Bitung. This research used a pre experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The population were residents who suffered from gout arthritis and who experienced joint pain. Sampling using a purposive sampling technique with the number of samples were 12 respondents using the Lamesho formula. The instruments used in this research were observation sheets and pain intensity scale measurement sheets using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The collected data was processed by running the computer program be analyzed by a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with the significance level α = 0,05.The results of this research indicated that there are differences in pain intensity before and after giving lemongrass, with a ρ value (0,001) < (0,05), meaning that there is an effect of giving lemongrass on reducing gout arthritis pain.The conclusion of this research is that lemongrass can be used as a non- pharmacological therapy to reduce pain in gout arthritis. It is expected that the result of this research will be useful in reducing pain in patients with gout arthritis and can be used as an additional reference for further research.    

Gout Arthritis is a disease characterized by pain that occurs repeatedly caused by deposits of monosodium urate crystals that accumulate in the joints as a result of high levels of uric acid in the blood. One of the complementary therapeutic measures is a warm red ginger compress in gout arthritis patients. The purpose of this research is to determine the Effect of Giving Warm Red Ginger Compresses to Pain in Gout Arthritis Patients in Mahawu Village, Manado. The design of this study used a pre- experimental (one-group, pre-post test design). The sample in this study was 35 respondents taken using a total sampling instrument. The study used observation sheets and SOPs for measurement using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). The data were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test with a significance level of = 0.05. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of giving red ginger warm compresses to pain in gout arthritis patients with p value = 0.000 <0.05 so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving red ginger warm compresses to reducing pain in gout arthritis patients in Mahawu Village, Manado. The conclusion of the study is that there is an effect of warm red ginger compresses on Gout Arthritis patients in Mahawu Village, Manad.

Dysmenorrhea is a physical disorder in women who are menstruating in the form of abdominal pain/cramping disorders. Benson relaxation is the development of a deep breathing relaxation method involving the patient's belief factor that can create a calm environment so that it can help patients achieve higher health and well-being conditions. This study aims to describe and analyze the application of Benson's relaxation technique in reducing the pain scale of dysmenorrhea in nursing students. The type of research used is descriptive with a case study approach. The subjects used were 2 people with criteria, namely students of STIKES Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, female students with dysmenorrhea pain, and female students who were willing to be given Benson relaxation measures. Pain measurement using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Benson's relaxation intervention was carried out for 3 consecutive days. The results of the analysis showed that subject I experienced a decrease in the pain scale from the results of a scale of 4 (moderate) to II (mild), subject II from a scale of 3 (mild) to 0 (no pain). The results of the case study concluded that there was a decrease in the pain scale in female students with dysmenorrhea pain. Benson relaxation is recommended as a nursing intervention in pain management in female students who experience dysmenorrhea pain because it can reduce the pain scale significantly and is easy to do

Pain in labor is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage or demonstrated. Pain is a natural process in labor. If it is not handled properly, it will cause other problems, namely increased anxiety or worry due to lack of knowledge in the mother about the processes that occur when facing labor. This study aims to determine the effect of back massage on reducing the pain scale of labor in the first active phase at UPTD Puskesmas Maga, Mandailing Natal district in 2022. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a research approach using a prepost test design with one group test. The population is all pregnant women who are at the UPTD Puskesmas Maga, Mandailing Natal Regency in 2022, totaling 54 mothers in partu. The number of samples used was 54 people obtained by using total sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses the Paired-Samples T Test. The results obtained in this study were from 54 respondents, there was an effect of back massage on a decrease in the active phase of labor pain scale in the first active phase with a value of p = 0.011. There is an Effect of Back Massage on Reducing the Pain Scale of Labor in the Active Phase I. It is recommended for health workers to improve counseling related to reducing the pain of the active phase of labor in the first stage of labor for mothers in labor with back massage