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The stability of the banking sector is crucial in maintaining a country’s financial system and economic sustainability. This study analyzes the impact of Net Interest Margin (NIM), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on banking stability in Indonesia. The inconsistency of previous research findings indicates a research gap that requires further exploration. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from financial reports of conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 39 banks with 195 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests, including normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation, to ensure model validity. The results show that NIM positively but not significantly affects banking stability, while NPL has a negative and significant effect. CAR also significantly influences banking stability. Enhancing banking intermediation effectiveness through NIM and CAR can strengthen financial stability, whereas increasing credit risk, reflected in NPL, can weaken stability. This study provides insights for regulators and banking management in designing more effective policies to maintain banking sector stability in Indonesia.

Marginal coastal land has not been able to be utilized optimally by communities around the coast for agriculture. So far, coastal sand land has limited management and is considered to be poor. With the limited beach sand land, efforts need to be made to increase its productivity by providing soil improvement materials and by the right way to fertilize. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying soil amendments and doses of TSP fertilizer to marginal coastal land. The location of this research was carried out in Sidorejo Village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City with an altitude of ± 10 m above sea level. This research was structured using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK), as the first factor, namely the type of soil amendment material P1 (husk charcoal), P2 (wood charcoal), P3 (zeolite) and P4 (clay), the second factor was the level of TSP fertilizer dose, namely D0 (0 kg)/ha), D1 (100 kg/ha), D2 (150 kg/ha), D3 (200 kg/ha) and D4 (250 kg/ha). Data were analyzed using anova (F experiment) from the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, then continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level. The research results showed that the type of soil amendment material had a very significant effect on the parameters of number of branches and number of pods per plant. The best results were found in the soil amendment type P2 (husk charcoal). And the dose of TSP fertilizer has a very significant effect on the number of pods per plant. The best results were obtained on D4 (25 g/polybag).

His thesis aims to find out how the financial performance of PT Lontar Papyrus Pulp & Paper Industry is. The research here uses qualitative research methods through descriptive analysis methods. as well as collecting information through documentation and discussions with related parties. The results of research on the Financial Performance of PT Lontar Papyrus Pulp & Paper Industry show that the current ratio of PT. LPPPI shows good conditions. Ratio The average current ratio for 3 years is 217.38%. The average value of PT LPPPI's quick ratio for the 2021-2023 period is 198.35%. The average value of PT LPPPI's cash ratio in the 2021-2023 period is 33.76%. The average value of Total Assets to Debt Ratio is 41.69%. The average value of the debt to equity ratio is 70.96%. The average value of PT LPPPI's profit margin for the 2021-2023 period is 24.84%. PT LPPPI's Return On Assets Ratio (ROA) results in the 2021-2023 period averaged 5.72%. PT LPPPI's Return on Assets Equity (ROE) ratio in the 2021-2023 period averaged 7.8%.

This research uses a quantitative approach to analyze the effect of leverage, earning power, and net profit margin on profit management in Property and Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The population of this study consists of 92 companies listed in the Property and Real Estate index during 2019-2023, with a sample of 85 data. The results show that leverage has a negative effect on profit management, while earning power (EP) and net profit margin (NPM) have a positive effect on profit management. Keywords: , , , , .

This research uses a quantitative approach to analyze the effect of dividend per share, dividend payout ratio, and net profit margin on stock prices of LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this study consists of 45 companies included in the LQ45 index during the 2019-2023 period, with a sample size of 125 data points. The results indicate that dividend per share (DPS) has a positive effect on stock prices, while the dividend payout ratio (DPR) and net profit margin (NPM) have a negative effect on stock prices.

The Compilation of Islamic Law consists of three books, namely book I on marriage, book II on inheritance, book III on endowments explained in Article 83. The Compilation of Islamic Law requires wives to organize household affairs is discrimination against gender, domestication of women causes unproductivity and marginalization of women from their essence as human beings. Fulfillment of political, economic, citizenship, education rights, and roles in the household must be fulfilled. And the division of husband and wife roles in the public and domestic environments is carried out through deliberation which leads to gender role justice. Gender justice in the household can be realized as long as men (husbands) can treat their wives and children fairly.

This research aims to describe the portrait of women from the perspective of patriarchal culture who are always considered to be in an inferior position, and experience various acts of discrimination in the domestic and public spheres. These acts of discrimination take the form of marginalization, subordination and repression which are represented by female characters in the literary works La Barka and Nayla. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. This research uses a feminist literary criticism approach. The data in this research is in the form of exposure to words, sentences, dialogue and helping which reflect patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, subordination and repression experienced by the female characters in La Barka and Nayla. The data source in this research is the literary work entitled La Barka by Nh. Dini and Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Based on the results of data analysis and research findings, it was concluded that in La Barka and Nayla data was found regarding (1) patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, (2) patriarchal domination in the form of subordination, and (3) patriarchal domination in the form of repression.  

Globalization has induced substantial changes across multiple facets of life in Indonesia, encompassing social, economic, and cultural dimensions. This study seeks to examine the effects of globalization on social inequality and poverty in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that globalization generates significant opportunities via access to global markets, foreign capital, and cutting-edge technologies. Nonetheless, these advantages are not uniformly allocated, leading to increasing societal inequalities. Communities possessing access to education, technology, and economic resources are more adept at leveraging globalization, but marginalized groups, such as the rural impoverished, often fall behind. Transformations in economic frameworks, urban development, and the impact of global culture intensify regional and socioeconomic disparities. While globalization can alleviate poverty via economic expansion, its advantages frequently favor particular demographics, therefore exacerbating the disparity between the affluent and the impoverished. This study underscores the significance of inclusive and equitable measures to alleviate the adverse effects of globalization. The government must improve access to education, technology, and economic opportunities for marginalized people while bolstering regional development to promote equality. Effective management of globalization can facilitate sustainable development and mitigate social inequality in Indonesia. Without sufficient action, globalization threatens to intensify inequalities and poverty within society.  

This study explores the role of spiritual eco-leadership within religious communities and its potential for fostering climate resilience and sustainability. Religious communities, guided by spiritual values such as stewardship, social justice, and care for creation, have a unique position to contribute significantly to addressing climate change. Through qualitative case studies of religious communities engaged in climate-resilient practices, this research identifies key personal qualities of effective eco-leaders, examines the theological foundations driving eco-leadership, and investigates how community structures can support sustainable practices. The findings highlight the importance of qualities such as compassion, integrity, and vision in eco-leaders, which enable them to inspire collective action towards environmental sustainability. Additionally, the study uncovers the centrality of theological principles, particularly those rooted in stewardship and social justice, in guiding eco-leadership within faith-based contexts. The research also discusses the challenges these communities face, including institutional conservatism, resource constraints, and the marginalization of eco-leaders. Strategies for overcoming these barriers are proposed, emphasizing the need for education, advocacy, and interfaith collaboration. The study concludes that spiritual eco-leadership, when supported by strong theological foundations and community structures, can serve as a powerful force in driving climate resilience and promoting sustainability, both locally and globally. By fostering eco-leadership, religious communities can play a transformative role in addressing climate change and enhancing community adaptation to environmental challenges.

The aim of this research is to find out marketing channels, marketing margins, as well as watermelon marketing efficiency. Respondents were taken using a simple random method and for marketing institution respondents using snowball sampling), where the data was initially small and then became large by following the marketing flow from farmer to final consumer, there were 40 farmers (respondents) and 4 traders (respondents). ).  Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive, the data collected is analyzed to determine the marketing channels, marketing magin and efficiency obtained by each marketing institution. The results of this research are 3 (three) marketing channels for watermelon, namely marketing channel I farmer - consumer, marketing channel II farmer - retailer - consumer, and marketing channel III farmer - collector - retailer - consumer. The largest total marketing margin is in marketing channel III with a margin of Rp. 4500 with marketing efficiency of 8.7%. Marketing channel I is the most efficient marketing channel because it does not involve institutions marketing.

Cryptocurrency has become a new trend in the world of digital finance, but its adoption is still limited among the public. This study aims to analyze the effect of perceived benefits and trust on cryptocurrency purchase intention among students of Bina Sarana Informatika Margonda University. A quantitative approach was used by distributing questionnaires to student respondents. Data processing uses the SPSS 25 application and data analysis is carried out by testing validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing and the coefficient of determination. The results showed that partially perceived benefits had no effect, while trust was proven to have an influence. Simultaneously, perceived benefits and trust affect cryptocurrency purchase intention. The findings imply the importance of increasing understanding of the benefits and building public trust, especially students, in cryptocurrency to encourage the adoption of this technology. This research also highlights the need for further education on the potential and risks of cryptocurrencies, as well as the development of supportive regulations to increase trust and adoption among students and the general public

Racism and gender bias are two major barriers affecting the growth and business opportunities for entrepreneurs in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia. Despite the significant contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia’s economy, women entrepreneurs and those from minority ethnic groups often face challenges in accessing financing, business networks, and broader markets. This article examines the direct and indirect impacts of racial discrimination and gender bias on MSME entrepreneurs, while identifying strategies that can be implemented to create a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through a literature review and secondary data analysis, this study finds that women entrepreneurs in Indonesia access only 10% of the total loans given to MSMEs, while male entrepreneurs access over 70%. It is recommended that government policies strengthen support for women and minority entrepreneurs through more inclusive financing policies, as well as providing more open mentorship programs and business networks for marginalized groups. By reducing racial discrimination and gender bias, it is hoped that the MSME sector can grow more evenly and sustainably, thereby enhancing Indonesia’s economic competitiveness

Globalization has induced substantial changes across multiple facets of life in Indonesia, encompassing social, economic, and cultural dimensions. This study seeks to examine the effects of globalization on social inequality and poverty in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that globalization generates significant opportunities via access to global markets, foreign capital, and cutting-edge technologies. Nonetheless, these advantages are not uniformly allocated, leading to increasing societal inequalities. Communities possessing access to education, technology, and economic resources are more adept at leveraging globalization, but marginalized groups, such as the rural impoverished, often fall behind. Transformations in economic frameworks, urban development, and the impact of global culture intensify regional and socioeconomic disparities. While globalization can alleviate poverty via economic expansion, its advantages frequently favor particular demographics, therefore exacerbating the disparity between the affluent and the impoverished. This study underscores the significance of inclusive and equitable measures to alleviate the adverse effects of globalization. The government must improve access to education, technology, and economic opportunities for marginalized people while bolstering regional development to promote equality. Effective management of globalization can facilitate sustainable development and mitigate social inequality in Indonesia. Without sufficient action, globalization threatens to intensify inequalities and poverty within society.

In research this, ratio profitability compared to with performance finances of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk during period 2019–2023. Total ratio profitability used​ including Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM). The results of the study show that performance finance company has changed for five years Lastly, with ROA value remains below​ standard. This result show that improvement management assets and equity required For support growth greater profitability​ consistent in the future.

This research aims to evaluate the level of usability and user satisfaction with the Amikom University Purwokerto student affairs website using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method. This method was chosen because of its simplicity in providing reliable and fast results through a survey based on 10 statements with a Likert scale. The research respondents were active students at Amikom University, Purwokerto, who were selected using a sampling method based on the Slovin formula with a total sample of 97 respondents. Data is collected through an online questionnaire that measures aspects of convenience, satisfaction and system reliability. The analysis results show an average SUS value of 58.85, which is classified in the Marginal Low category based on the interpretation of the SUS scale. These findings indicate that the website has not fully met user expectations in terms of usability, even though it provides relevant features and services. Therefore, improvements are needed in user interface elements, navigation, and design consistency to improve user experience. This research makes an important contribution to the development of information systems in higher education by identifying weaknesses that can be improved to achieve better efficiency and satisfaction.

The aim of this research is to identify the marketing channel pattern for spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and analyze the level of marketing efficiency of spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. The research was carried out from April to June 2024, in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency. Determining the population was selected from farmers by census, namely all farmers who are trying to grow leeks in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and marketing institutions, namely the number of farmers is 14 people and 3 village collecting traders and 10 retail traders. The analysis used is marketing margin analysis  and marketing efficiency.Based on the research results, there are two types of marketing channels for green onions, namely producers to collectors to retailers to consumers who have marketing costs of IDR 1,700/Kg, marketing channel II namely from producers to   retailers to consumers which has marketing costs of IDR 1,000/ Kg and the marketing efficiency of green onions in marketing channel I reaches 82% and marketing channel II reaches 70 %. This means that the large percentage share of the price received by farmers and the low marketing costs incurred at leek marketing institutions in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency.

:Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

The poem Mata Luka Sengkon Karta Peri Sandi has a strong sociological element. This poem focuses on the problem of legal injustice and other social realities. This is done through a sociological literary approach. The people depicted in this poem, Sengkon and Karta, are representations of people who are victims of errors in the Indonesian legal system. This poem uses expressive and symbolic language to describe the helplessness, suffering, and hopes of the oppressed. This study aims to determine how the social and political context influences the creation of the poem, as well as how the poem functions as a social critique of the state of law in Indonesia. This study finds that Mata Luka Sengkon Karta is not only an aesthetic work; it also functions as a tool to convey the voices of marginalized communities, using the theory of sociology of literature.

Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) is a sharia-based microfinance institution that plays a role in providing financing to the community, particularly micro-entrepreneurs, to help them avoid reliance on loan sharks. This study focuses on the implementation of the murabahah contract at BMT As'adiyah Sengkang, using a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the murabahah contract is implemented based on the principles of Islamic justice, involving transparency in pricing and profit margins while ensuring that transactions are conducted voluntarily. The financing mechanism includes customer eligibility surveys, financial capacity analysis, and the determination of fair profit margins. This murabahah contract significantly benefits the local economy by facilitating access to interest-free financing without late payment penalties. In conclusion, the implementation of the murabahah contract at BMT As'adiyah Sengkang aligns with sharia values, supports the economic empowerment of the Muslim community, and contributes to the growth of sharia-based financial inclusion at the local level.

Dumping, characterized by selling goods at below-market prices in export markets, poses significant ethical and economic concerns in global trade. Islamic law (shariah), with its emphasis on justice, equity, and harm reduction, provides a unique lens for analyzing such practices. This review synthesizes insights from scholarly works to explore the compatibility of Islamic legal principles with anti-dumping measures. Key findings include Islamic jurisprudence’s proactive stance against predatory pricing (siyasah al-ighraq) for its potential to harm market stability and marginalize smaller producers. Studies show that Islamic law prioritizes public welfare (maslahah) and promotes ethical market behaviors, offering alternative regulatory perspectives to address trade malpractice. Through case studies like Indonesia’s WTO defense on paper dumping and comparative analyses with Saudi trade laws, this review highlights the robust ethical foundation Islamic law brings to contemporary international trade debates. The synthesis concludes by advocating integrative frameworks to harmonize Islamic ethics with global trade governance.