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The state has a mandate to guarantee citizens' freedom of expression by protecting symbolic representations in public spaces. However, legal construction in Indonesia tends to use the law as a tool to limit visual interpretation, including popular cultural symbols such as the One Piece flag. This study aims to explain two main aspects of the mechanism of symbol criminalization: the state's construction of symbols as threats without any basis in actual violations, and the political use of fear through the production of imaginary enemies. The research method employed a qualitative approach with a conceptual approach. The results show that the state's interpretation of visual symbols rests not on the legality of the action, but on controlling the potential meanings that develop outside the official narrative. Within this construction, the law operates as a filtering mechanism for forms of articulation deemed inconsistent with the state's ideological interests. This strategy shifts the focus from concrete violations to the surveillance of social imagination. Thus, the criminalization of symbols occurs not because of their factual content, but because they open up pathways of solidarity that cannot be institutionally controlled. A critical criminological approach demonstrates that the state uses the law to enforce symbolic domination through techniques of controlling meaning within a democratic regime that formally promises freedom of expression.

Criminal liability in modern law is built on the assumption that every individual is a rational and autonomous moral agent. However, neuroscientific evidence suggests that structural disruption of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex significantly impairs the capacity to judge actions ethically. This study aims to analyze the influence of neurological disorders on an individual's moral capacity and to formulate legal parameters for assessing criminal liability based on actual capacity. The research method employed normative legal research with a conceptual approach. The results indicate that perpetrators with dysfunction in the amygdala-PFC circuit experience a degradation of moral capacity that weakens the basis for the formation of mens rea in a substantive sense and falls outside the reach of legal systems that still rely on a model of responsibility based on the assumption of universal free will. The criminal legal system, in its current form, lacks a precise evaluative mechanism to distinguish between perpetrators with impaired moral control and those acting deliberatively. In this situation, the construction of criminal liability cannot be standardized, and reformulation of evaluation instruments is necessary to avoid sentencing bias against individuals with structural impairments in ethical capacity.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

The use of effective sentences in academic communication is essential, especially in essay writing that contains various legal arguments. Essays should employ proper sentence structures to clearly conver ideas and persuade readers. This study aims to analyze ineffective sentence constructions found in the Kumpulan Esai Kritis NACE Competition 2021 published on thr LK2 FHUI website as educational reading material. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and theoretical. Data collection was carried out using observation and note-taking techniques by analyzing various types of errors in the essay texts. The data collection process followed four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) discussion, and (4) conculusion and recommendation. The results show that many ineffective sentences are still found in the essays, such as punctuation errors, wordiness, inappropriate use of foreign terms, improper word choices, and excessive repetition. These errors negatively impact the clarity and persuasiveness of the messages and arguments within the essays. This research is expected to contribute to improving essay writing quality and the development of more effective academic literacy.

This paper aims to explore the legal basis and ethical reasoning for the revocation of parental rights due to domestic violence by placing the child's best interests as a compass and mapping the gap between norms and judicial practices. The method used is normative-doctrinal legal research based on a literature review of the Domestic Violence Law, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, selected jurisprudence, and scientific literature, analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation, argument construction, and linking to the facts of the impact of domestic violence on children. The results show that positive law provides a firm basis for sanctions and protections including restrictions on interaction and revocation of custody rights, but implementation is often hampered by vague evidence of psychological violence, the victim's economic dependence, and weak execution of alimony; revocation effectively breaks the cycle when accompanied by a protection order, a post-decision parenting plan, and ongoing psychosocial support. Policy implications include guidelines for proving coercive control, expanding access to timely protection orders, integrating trauma-informed services in religious courts, and a mechanism for executing alimony that does not burden victims, with schools, community health centers, and communities as early detection nodes. Ultimately, legal work and social networks converge in one simple goal: that home again means a safe place for children to return.

The rapid advancement of science and technology requires universities to provide safe, comfortable, and representative learning facilities. One such initiative is the construction of a five-story lecture building at Dr. Soetomo University, designed with a steel structure as an alternative to reinforced concrete. Steel was chosen due to its high tensile strength, uniform material properties, lighter weight, ease of installation, and strong resistance to earthquake loads. This study aims to design a five-story lecture building with a steel structure that meets the requirements of strength, stability, and safety in accordance with applicable standards. The method applied is structural planning based on SNI 1729:2020, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 1726:2019 using the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach. Structural analysis was conducted with SAP2000 version 2014 through three-dimensional modeling that considers geometry, material properties, loading, and placement. The results show that the selected steel profiles for beams, columns, and connections are capable of supporting the combination of dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads with safe performance. The maximum stress remains below the allowable limit, and the deflection values do not exceed the permitted deviation. These findings confirm that steel provides efficiency in dimensions and materials while offering practicality and earthquake resistance, and the design produced can serve as a useful reference for future multi-story building projects in earthquake-prone regions.

The problem of waste in rural areas is still a serious issue that has an impact on environmental health and the quality of life of the community. Batu Licin Village, Gunung Lengkuas Village, East Bintan District, Bintan Regency is one of the areas that faces similar problems, where household waste is still scattered and has not been handled optimally. This community service activity offers innovative solutions through the manufacture of rocket stoves as a means of efficiently burning certain organic and inorganic waste, as well as the construction of garbage booths as a place to store and sort waste before further processing. The implementation method involves counseling to residents, making prototypes, and direct practice of using rocket stoves and garbage booths by local communities. In addition, this activity also emphasizes the importance of changing community behavior in managing waste with the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principle. The results of the activity show an increase in public awareness in managing waste independently, reducing the accumulation of waste in the village environment, and the emergence of alternative waste processing that is environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and easy to apply. This innovation not only helps overcome the problem of household waste, but also provides educational value and empowers the community in maintaining the cleanliness and sustainability of the village environment. With the implementation of rocket stoves and garbage booths, it is hoped that a cleaner, healthier, and more viable village environment will be created in the long term.

Community Service Program (KKN) is a form of student community service by directly applying scientific knowledge in the field. The 2025 Unimed KKN was conducted in Durin Simbelang Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, with the aim of empowering local potential and improving the quality of education, social, and environmental aspects of the village. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach with participatory methods, in which students actively engaged with the community in each program. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and direct participation, then analyzed descriptively through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Research findings indicate that the Community Service Program (KKN) has had a significant impact in various aspects. In the economic sector, the downstreaming and marketing of processed starfruit products has successfully improved residents' skills in processing harvested produce into value-added products. In the educational sector, activities such as "Ceria Calistung Ceria," "Si Cerdik Math," "English Fun Club," "Savings for Small Change," "Education for the Creative Economy," and "Wisdom Digital Literacy" have proven effective in improving academic skills, creativity, and positive character traits among the younger generation. In the social and environmental aspects, the "gotong royong" (mutual cooperation) program, rhythmic gymnastics, educational trash signage, volleyball court construction, gate decoration, and 17th August competitions have strengthened social cohesion, raised awareness of healthy living, and increased concern for environmental cleanliness.

Concrete roof tiles are an important material in building construction, particularly for roofing work, due to their advantages in terms of strength, durability, and material availability. This study aims to analyze two main physical characteristics of concrete roof tiles, namely bending load and water absorption, using a literature review approach from various previous studies. Bending load refers to the material's ability to withstand bending forces, while water absorption describes the material's capacity to absorb and store water through its pores. These two properties significantly influence the quality and durability of roof tiles in facing external environmental conditions, especially wet-dry cycles and mechanical loads. The results of the literature review indicate that the use of waste as an aggregate substitute in concrete mixes can significantly improve the performance of concrete roof tiles. For example, research using broken roof tiles and ceramic waste as aggregate substitutes successfully increased flexural strength to a range of 12.5–15.0 MPa. Meanwhile, variations in water absorption were recorded in the range of 4%–8%, depending on the material composition and production method. This proves that the use of recycled materials not only supports sustainability but also improves the mechanical and physical properties of concrete roof tiles. Overall, this study underscores the importance of material innovation in concrete roof tile production, particularly utilizing waste as an alternative aggregate. However, further research is needed to explore the best combination of materials and production techniques for producing high-quality, efficient, and environmentally friendly concrete roof tiles.

Plastic waste remains a pressing issue in Bakung Village, Teluk Betung Barat Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City, as it affects public health, reduces environmental aesthetics, and triggers flooding due to poor waste management systems. In response, the 2025 Integrated Community Service Program (KKN) of UIN Raden Intan Lampung, through Group 98, applied the ecobrick method as a community-based alternative for managing plastic waste. This study adopted an appropriate technology approach with descriptive qualitative methods, namely observation, interviews, and documentation, to analyze field conditions and evaluate program outcomes. The results demonstrated the successful construction of a ±1-meter monument spelling “Bakung,” which incorporated more than 350 used plastic bottles as ecobricks. Beyond beautifying the environment and serving as a landmark, the monument inspired local residents to participate actively in sorting waste and making ecobricks. Community involvement was particularly visible during material collection and production stages, reflecting the effectiveness of a participatory approach. Additionally, this activity had an educational impact by showing that plastic waste can be transformed into useful and aesthetically valuable products. Although limited time and energy became major challenges, these were addressed through continuous mentoring. Overall, the program proved that ecobricks offer a practical and innovative solution for reducing plastic waste and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 12.

The need for environmentally friendly marine transportation continues to increase, especially in tourist areas such as Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. In the local context, the design of electric boats has not been widely developed for small islands in Indonesia, even though the potential and urgency for its application is very high. Geographical constraints, limited charging infrastructure, and a lack of technical data are the main obstacles. This research focuses on the design and construction of an electric-powered tourist boat prototype with an asymmetrical catamaran hull type as an effort to support a sustainable transportation system. The boat design applies an asymmetrical catamaran hull configuration to improve sailing stability and energy efficiency. The propulsion system is controlled via a wireless PS2 joystick integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller, supported by a 24V DC motor powered by lithium-ion batteries and solar panels as a supplement. Test results show that the boat can operate stably with remote control, good energy efficiency, and zero emissions during operation. Some technical challenges encountered include limited operational duration due to battery capacity and high sensitivity of electronic components to water exposure. Overall, this prototype has great potential for further development as an environmentally friendly alternative for maritime transportation system. The stable catamaran hull design provides advantages in terms of comfort and safety, especially in calm or shallow waters. The electric propulsion system used has proven to be efficient and responsive, supported by a remote control mechanism that is easy to operate via a wireless joystick

This study examines how women construct their social roles in managing dual responsibilities and maintaining work life balance through participation in the Women’s Cycling Community (WCC) Bandung. Using the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, which includes objectivation, externalization, and internalization, this research applies a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The key informants were members of WCC Bandung, while supporting informants included husbands, children, and a psychologist. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing with validity tested through triangulation and member checking. The findings show that women do not perceive dual roles as a burden but as an integral part of their identities. Family support, effective communication, and the presence of community are crucial in developing time management strategies and maintaining balance between domestic and professional responsibilities. The study also reveals that involvement in WCC Bandung provides women with a platform to express themselves, build solidarity, and gain emotional support from peers who share similar challenges. Cycling activities are not only a hobby but also serve as a medium for stress release, physical health improvement, and social networking. The study concludes that participation in WCC Bandung helps women construct an empowered, flexible, and harmonious self-identity through social support and a positive community environment, ultimately shaping a more holistic understanding of work life balance in their everyday lives.

Film and television play a central role in shaping and representing the cultural identity of society. Through artistic expertise manifested by directors, screenwriters, actors, cinematographers, and producers, cultural construction is presented not only as entertainment but also as a social discourse that reflects values, traditions, and the dynamics of collective identity. This study aims to analyze how artistic expertise contributes to constructing cultural identity representation through film and television mediums in Indonesia. The research methodology used is qualitative, employing content analysis and semiotics approaches on selected Indonesian films and TV series that highlight cultural aspects, such as Losmen Bu Broto and Gadis Kretek. These works were chosen because they feature rich local culture while reflecting the role of culture in the dynamics of Indonesian society. The findings indicate that artistic expertise plays a crucial role in constructing cultural representation, both through narrative, visual elements, music, and actors' performances. The representations produced not only affirm local and national identities but also reflect the process of cultural negotiation with global influences. This study underscores that film and television serve as strategic media for cultural diplomacy and the formation of collective identity awareness in Indonesian society. Through this process, these mediums contribute to the preservation of local culture amidst global cultural flows. The research highlights the importance of film and television as tools for maintaining and constructing cultural identity, where local traditions and values are both preserved and adapted to the changing global landscape.   

Each workplace has a different potential risk of work accidents depending on the type of industry, technology used, and risk control efforts undertaken by the company. Work accidents are generally caused by two main factors: unsafe acts by humans and unsafe working conditions. In this context, occupational safety and health (K3) is an important aspect that must be implemented in every company to protect workers from hazards that can cause losses, both physical and work productivity. Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower mandates that every worker has the right to occupational safety protection. This study focuses on UD. Fuad Las Jaya, a company engaged in construction and welding services. This company has a fairly high potential for work accidents considering the type of work performed. Based on employee attendance data in 2025, there is a level of discipline that can be related to working conditions and perceived safety. The severity of accidents is classified into three categories: light, moderate, and severe, which indicates the importance of implementing an effective K3 system. It is hoped that consistent awareness and implementation of K3 will create a safe, healthy, and productive work environment, as well as reduce the number of work accidents in the construction sector.

Plastic waste continues to be one of the most pressing environmental problems due to its persistence, excessive use in daily life, and difficulty in decomposition. In many communities, including Tanjung Uban Selatan Village, unmanaged plastic waste accumulates in the environment, contributing to pollution and health risks. This community service activity aims to introduce and implement ecobricks as a simple yet effective solution to manage plastic waste. Ecobricks are not designed to destroy plastic but to recycle and repurpose it into useful and even marketable products. The process of making ecobricks requires no special expertise or significant costs, as the primary material is household plastic waste. The activity involved socialization, practical workshops, and guidance for residents on how to properly produce ecobricks. Results from the program show that residents were able to collect and process previously unmanaged plastic waste into solid, reusable building blocks. These ecobricks have potential applications for creating furniture, decorative items, and even small-scale construction, thereby providing both environmental and economic value. Beyond reducing plastic waste, the initiative also fosters community awareness about sustainable waste management practices and promotes environmental responsibility. In conclusion, the introduction of ecobricks in Tanjung Uban Selatan Village demonstrates that simple innovations can empower communities to transform environmental challenges into opportunities for sustainability and income generation.

Sibolga City, located along the seashore and endowed with abundant natural beauty, holds significant potential for development as a marine tourism destination. Beyond its coastal appeal, the city offers opportunities for diverse recreational areas such as camping grounds, botanical gardens, culinary centers, and Mancakrida zones. To support these initiatives, this research investigates the sources of activities and spatial programs that can be realized through the construction of cottages and integrated recreational facilities. Given Sibolga’s hot tropical climate, the application of Tropical Architecture is essential to address environmental challenges including solar exposure, rainfall intensity, air humidity, and wind orientation. This study aims to harness Sibolga’s environmental assets by proposing sustainable cottage designs and recreational spaces that align with the principles of Tropical Architecture. The research contributes to the development of commercial residential models that are harmoniously integrated with nature, promoting economic sustainability and ecological balance. Methodologically, the study involves interviews, site surveys, and comparative analyses to derive contextual design solutions. The final output is a conceptual design for cottages and recreational areas that reflect climate-responsive architecture and support Sibolga’s tourism growth. This research not only enhances architectural knowledge in tropical settings but also offers practical insights for urban planners and stakeholders seeking to revitalize Sibolga City as a vibrant, nature-integrated tourism hub.

Lawang Kidul Mosque is one of the historical buildings that holds significant architectural, social, and religious value in the city of Palembang. Founded during the Dutch colonial era by Ki Marogan, this mosque not only served as a center for religious activities but also stood as a silent witness to the historical journey of Palembang from the colonial period to independence. This article aims to trace the history of Lawang Kidul Mosque, its architectural form, and analyze its strategic role in community life. The methods used include literature review and qualitative methods through direct observation and interviews to collect the necessary data for this study. The results show that Lawang Kidul Mosque was established in 1881, built by Ki Marogan. It is the second mosque founded by him, with the first being Kiyai Marogan Mosque, which was constructed earlier in 1871. The architectural style of Lawang Kidul Mosque resembles that of the Great Mosque of Palembang, although it is smaller in size. Lawang Kidul Mosque is supported by four large wooden soko guru pillars and twelve smaller columns. The pulpit of Lawang Kidul Mosque features distinctive Palembang carvings dominated by floral motifs. Additionally, there are four green flags inscribed with Islamic phrases such as the Asmaul Husna and the Shahada. The pulpit also displays the year of its construction, which is 1310 Hijri

Plagiarism in scientific writing is a serious violation that not only harms the original creator but also undermines academic integrity, the development of scientific knowledge, and the credibility of educational institutions. This research aims to analyze the regulation of plagiarism acts based on the laws and regulations in Indonesia, as well as to build a firmer criminal law construction against acts of plagiarism within academic settings. This study employs a normative juridical method with a doctrinal approach, examining relevant laws and legal theories. The findings indicate that although plagiarism has been regulated in several legal instruments such as the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP), Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 17 of 2010, the existing regulations tend to be administrative in nature and have not provided a sufficient deterrent effect. Therefore, a more comprehensive and implementable criminal law construction is needed to ensure the protection of scientific works and legal certainty in the enforcement of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of plagiarism. In addition, preventive efforts through academic ethics education, the implementation of plagiarism detection systems, and the strengthening of internal policies within universities are also important steps that must be optimized.

The increase in traffic volume in urban areas often triggers various problems, especially at Road intersection points that have a high level of interaction between vehicles. One of the locations that experience these problems is the intersection with the island of traffic without signal on Jl. Tebu-Jl. Tabrani Ahmad, City Of Pontianak. This study aims to analyze the performance of the intersection in the existing condition and project its performance in the next five years (2030), as well as formulate alternative treatment that can improve the smoothness of traffic. The analysis method refers to Indonesian road capacity guidelines (PKJI) 2023 and modeling using software PTV VISSIM. The data collected include intersection geometry, traffic volume, and vehicle speed. Traffic volumes were obtained through CCTV recordings for three consecutive days, then processed and presented in the form of tables and graphs for easy interpretation. The results of the existing condition analysis showed that the degree of saturation (DS) reached 0.407 with an average delay of 9.539 seconds (Level of Service/LOS B) based on PKJI, while VISSIM simulation resulted in a delay of 12.54 seconds (LOS B). The five-year projection (2030) shows an increase in DS to 0.878 with a delay of 15.177 seconds (LOS C) from PKJI, and 23.35 seconds (LOS C) from VISSIM, which indicates a decrease in Junction performance as traffic grows. Two handling alternatives were analyzed, namely the construction of roundabouts and the implementation of traffic flow management. VISSIM simulation shows that the roundabout can reduce the delay to 14.31 seconds with a queue length of 20.34 m (LOS B), while the flow management produces a delay of 11.81 seconds with a queue of 13.14 m (LOS B). This result confirms that both alternatives are able to improve the performance of the intersection compared to the projected condition without handling, so that it can be a technical recommendation for urban traffic planning in Pontianak.

Holtekamp Beach is a coastal area in Jayapura City that is very prone to abrasion due to sea waves because it is located directly opposite the Pacific Ocean. Abrasion and environmental damage on the coast of Holtekamp Beach are influenced by several interconnected factors that can have an impact on environmental problems. The research aims to analyze the impact of abrasion on the Holtekamp coastal area using survey and interview methods. Furthermore, data analysis is carried out by utilizing SWOT Analysis. This research was conducted from May to June 2025. The results showed that there are 4 (four) priority strategies that can be used as a basis for developing a strategy for Abrasion Disaster Risk Management Strategy in the Holtekamp Coastal Area of Jayapura City, namely; a) Increasing cooperation & coordination between stakeholders, namely the community and local government in achieving abrasion disaster management programs in the Holtekamp Coastal Area of Jayapura City; b) Optimizing supervision of development development/tourist lodges in the coastal area of Holtekamp Beach; c) Community participation is needed to maintain infrastructure that has been built and increase their awareness of environmental issues.d) Construction of wave breakers that function to reduce waves.