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A person's daily life can be influenced by culture, creativity, communication patterns, and the information they get due to the use of social media. TikTok is one of the many applications used and popular today, especially among teenagers. TikTok social media can also be utilised as a creativity forum and digital literacy tool. People need a forum that can be used to channel creativity as well as being a motivation and encouragement for users to channel their thoughts and ideas to the Tiktok platform. Because in this era there is still a lack of applications that can be used as a creativity forum. In addition, the lack of literacy at this time can be a problem that must be faced. The lack of literacy, especially digital literacy, can make social media users continue to accept any information without accepting that the information is true or contains a lie. The existence of Tiktok social media can be used as a means of digital literacy. Besides containing entertainment, Tiktok also contains information that its users need.

A person's daily life can be influenced by culture, creativity, communication patterns, and the information they get due to the use of social media. TikTok is one of the many applications used and popular today, especially among teenagers. TikTok social media can also be utilised as a creativity forum and digital literacy tool. People need a forum that can be used to channel creativity as well as being a motivation and encouragement for users to channel their thoughts and ideas to the Tiktok platform. Because in this era there is still a lack of applications that can be used as a creativity forum. In addition, the lack of literacy at this time can be a problem that must be faced. The lack of literacy, especially digital literacy, can make social media users continue to accept any information without accepting that the information is true or contains a lie. The existence of Tiktok social media can be used as a means of digital literacy. Besides containing entertainment, Tiktok also contains information that its users need.

This study aims to determine the role of communication patterns in student human relations on the emergence and dynamics of toxic relationships. Communication patterns, both verbal and nonverbal, are important elements in interactions between individuals that affect the quality of interpersonal relationships. In the context of university students, communication patterns are often influenced by the level of emotional maturity, cultural background, and social environment. Unhealthy communication patterns, such as domination, manipulation, or a tendency to avoid conflict, can be the main trigger of toxic relationships. Conversely, healthy communication with openness, empathy, and respect can prevent toxic relationships and improve problematic relationship dynamics. This research uses a type of qualitative research using the literature study method sourced from books, journals regarding the research discussed by examining the Role of Communication Patterns in Student Human Relations Against Toxic Relationship. Communication patterns have a significant role in shaping the dynamics of student relationships, including toxic relationships. Healthy communication patterns, including openness, empathy, and respect can prevent toxic relationships, while unhealthy communication patterns such as domination, manipulation, or closure, are often the main triggers. Students who lack interpersonal communication skills are vulnerable to getting trapped in toxic relationships, which can have a negative impact on their mental health and academic performance. Increased self-awareness, use of assertive communication, boundary setting, and external support are key steps to prevent or overcome toxic relationships. With positive communication patterns, students can build healthy relationships, support personal development, and create a harmonious social environment.

The advancement of information and communication technology has significantly altered the ways adolescents interact and establish social relationships, particularly through social media. This study aims to examine the impact of human relations on adolescents' interactions and behaviors on social media platforms, taking into account psychological, sociological, and cultural dimensions. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this research explores interaction patterns among adolescents on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. The findings reveal that social media creates virtual spaces that enhance social networks but also pose risks such as reduced quality of face-to-face interactions, social anxiety, and mental health issues. This study emphasizes how the intense use of social media reshapes traditional communication patterns and influences adolescents' behavior and self-concept. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations are proposed for parents, educators, and policymakers to guide healthy social media use, balance its benefits and drawbacks, and foster the development of more meaningful social relationships among adolescents.

The advancement of information and communication technology has significantly altered the ways adolescents interact and establish social relationships, particularly through social media. This study aims to examine the impact of human relations on adolescents' interactions and behaviors on social media platforms, taking into account psychological, sociological, and cultural dimensions. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this research explores interaction patterns among adolescents on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. The findings reveal that social media creates virtual spaces that enhance social networks but also pose risks such as reduced quality of face-to-face interactions, social anxiety, and mental health issues. This study emphasizes how the intense use of social media reshapes traditional communication patterns and influences adolescents' behavior and self-concept. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations are proposed for parents, educators, and policymakers to guide healthy social media use, balance its benefits and drawbacks, and foster the development of more meaningful social relationships among adolescents.

The emergence of social media has changed people's communication patterns from formal to more informal and interactive. However, these changes also pose challenges to the stability and uniformity of Indonesian as a national language. Massive shifts in the meaning of words on social media are often not in line with the standard rules of the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI). The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of social media on shifts in the meaning of words in Indonesian. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative analysis approach. Based on the results analysis, five types of changes in meaning found in the use of comments and caption features by Indonesian netizens on Instagram. The large amount of data on changes in meaning found in comments and captions on Instagram is expected to provide insight to the wider community so they can choose and sort out good and correct words for them. used in everyday life.

Performance is the employee's ability to complete work during the activity period according to the standards determined by the organization. Employee performance will be effective and efficient if interactions with co-workers and superiors are open, that is, giving freedom to express thoughts and ideas as a form of feeling supported by superiors who are always able to encourage and pay attention to seeing work challenges into opportunities. This research aims to determine the influence of emotional intelligence, communication patterns and transformational leadership on the performance of Bima Housing and Settlement service employees. The population in this study were 63 employees at the Bima Housing and Settlement Department, especially the Bima City Housing, Settlement and Land Department, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling, namely 38 civil servant employees as respondents.Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 27. The results of this study partially show that the emotional intelligence variable has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance, the communication pattern variable has an insignificant effect on employee performance, and the transformational leadership variable has a positive and significant effect on performance. employee. Simultaneously, the variables emotional intelligence, communication patterns and transformational leadership have a positive and significant effect on employee performance Emotional Inteligence, Communication Patterns, Transformasi Leadership, Performance

Abstract: This study explores the communication patterns used by the Fire and Rescue Department of Bekasi City in disseminating fire disaster mitigation education at SMK Vinama 2 Bekasi. The research investigates how disaster communication is implemented through socialization programs aimed at increasing students’ awareness and preparedness toward fire hazards. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation with key informants, including officials from the Prevention Division, school representatives, and student participants. The findings reveal that the department adopts a multi-layered communication model integrating one-way, two-way, and multi-way approaches to effectively convey safety messages. The process involves formal coordination, practical demonstrations, and participatory simulations, contributing to improved literacy and proactive attitudes among students. This study highlights the essential role of structured communication patterns in enhancing disaster preparedness and proposes recommendations for strengthening participatory engagement in future educational programs.

In the era of rapid digital transformation, social media platforms have become dominant tools for communication, marketing, and consumer interaction. Among these, TikTok has emerged as one of the most influential spaces for creative digital promotion, particularly for small businesses and creative industries. This study explores @dyputustudio’s utilization of TikTok as a promotional medium for its self-photo studio services, focusing on how the platform is used to build interactions and relationships with consumers. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, emphasizing observation, interviews, and documentation analysis to understand Dyputu Studio’s promotional strategies and audience engagement patterns. Findings reveal that TikTok functions not only as a promotional channel but also as a space of social interaction and digital community formation between the studio and its consumers. The platform’s interactivity, algorithmic visibility, and audio- visual creativity enable Dyputu Studio to effectively showcase its self-photo studio services, stimulate audience participation, and cultivate brand loyalty. This study demonstrates that digital communication on TikTok aligns with Pierre Lévy’s New Media Theory, which highlights interactivity, hypertextuality, and networking as key dimensions of modern media engagement. Through consistent content creation, responsive communication, and trend adaptation, Dyputu Studio successfully transforms social media presence into a form of digital relationship marketing. The study contributes to the understanding of how small creative businesses can leverage social media to achieve marketing and communicative goals in the digital era.

Introducing alphabetical sign language is necessary to bridge communication between deaf and hard-of-hearing people and their surrounding environment. This research aims to develop a sign language alphabet letter detection system based on American Sign Language (ASL). The research methods include data collection, feature extraction with OpenCV and Mediapipe, model development with Random Forest algorithm, and real-time system testing. The test results show that the developed system can achieve 97% prediction accuracy in recognizing hand patterns that represent ASL letters. The system uses a webcam as real-time input, providing accurate responses in various environmental conditions. This research contributes significantly to developing communication support technology for the deaf community, with implications for increased inclusivity and social engagement.

The phenomenon of increasing use of online games among teenagers in Pebenaan Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, shows a shift in communication patterns from the real world to the virtual world. Online games no longer only serve as entertainment, but also become a significant space for social communication. This research aims to identify teenagers' motives for using online games as a communication medium, understand the communication process that occurs, and evaluate its impact on their social behavior. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. The research informants were teenagers aged 13–19 years who actively played online games in Pebenaan Village. The research results show that the main motives of teenagers include entertainment, escape from boredom, social acceptance, and expanding friendship networks. The communication process in online games occurs through text chat, voice chat, and symbols such as emotes, which allows spontaneous and flexible interaction. Positive impacts include increasing collaboration skills and expanding social networks, while negative impacts include decreasing the intensity of real-world interactions and the use of abusive language. This research concludes that online games offer opportunities and challenges for teenagers' communication patterns, so wise management is needed to exploit their positive potential without ignoring the risks that may arise.

This research aims to analyze politeness strategies in online comments on social media, with a focus on the application of Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. Social media as a virtual public space presents challenges in maintaining communication ethics, especially regarding user anonymity and spontaneity. Research data is obtained from online comments on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube, which are relevant to certain public topics. A qualitative approach with pragmatic discourse analysis is used to identify forms of positive politeness, negative politeness and politeness violations.  The research results show that positive politeness strategies are more dominant than negative politeness, especially on emotional topics. Speech act patterns that are often found include illocutionary acts in the form of support or praise, as well as perlocutionary acts that create an emotional response. Cultural factors, discussion topic, level of anonymity, and age of the user influence the application of politeness. The findings also revealed that politeness violations occurred more frequently in controversial discussions.  This research provides practical implications in increasing social media users' awareness of communicating politely. In addition, digital platforms are expected to strengthen moderation features to create a healthier communication space. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between language politeness and digital conflict in various cultural contexts. 

This study shows that team collaboration dynamics greatly affect work quality and goal achievement. These dynamics include various elements, including communication, coordination, interdependence, and trust among team members. The methodology of this study aims to provide detailed insights into team collaboration dynamics and work efficiency, with a focus on organizational success in achieving organizational goals. The interpersonal communication patterns of managers that were found and had a significant impact on Caffe Otsukohi team performance were democratic communication patterns and laissez-faire communication patterns. Supporting factors for interpersonal communication between managers and Caffe Otsukohi employees include transformational leadership, a positive work environment, effective communication channels, and shared goals.

This study examines the dynamics of Christian families in navigating modern lifestyles, focusing on the congregation of GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang. Modernity characterized by digitalization, high mobility, economic pressure, and shifting social values has significantly influenced family communication patterns, emotional relationships, and spiritual formation within Christian households. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes experienced by congregational families in the context of modernity and to analyze the role of pastoral counseling as a relevant form of support for family well-being. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, limited observations, and a review of church documents. The findings indicate that Christian families face challenges such as declining communication quality, reduced family time, the pervasive influence of gadgets on daily interactions, and weakened spiritual disciplines. Furthermore, shifting parenting patterns and increasing psychological pressure also affect family stability. Within this context, pastoral counseling in GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang plays an essential role in providing spiritual, emotional, and practical guidance through empathetic, relational, and faith-based approaches. Pastoral care has proven effective in helping families realign life priorities, strengthen communication, and cultivate sustainable spiritual practices. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of enhancing structured family support programs in the church, improving pastoral leaders’ capacity as counselors, and encouraging families to develop healthy digital discipline to maintain relational and spiritual quality amid the demands of modern life.

Reading is an interactive process where readers construct meaning from texts, relying on various skills, including comprehension. It is fundamental for learning and daily life, and its importance is underscored by the rise of information and communication technology (ICT), which facilitates access to information through tools like the internet. Online platforms, such as Wattpad, have emerged as popular resources for improving literacy among students, particularly in narrative texts. At SMPN 28 Bekasi, English is a compulsory subject, yet students face challenges in reading comprehension, especially in understanding narrative texts. Despite the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which focuses on project-based learning, many students struggle to meet reading standards. This research aims to investigate the impact of the Wattpad application on students' reading comprehension of narrative texts, given their difficulties and lack of engagement with traditional reading materials. The survey revealed mixed preferences among students, with strong leanings towards novels (45%), fiction (56%), and romance (44%). Short stories are less popular but still attract the interest of some readers. The majority of students (46.7%) use Wattpad daily, spending mostly 30-60 minutes per session. Many read 2-4 texts per month and often follow specific authors. About 60% of students use bookmarks regularly, while 66.7% prefer texts recommended by Wattpad. The note-taking feature shows mixed use, indicating varying levels of engagement. Reviews and ratings are very important to 83.3% of students when selecting texts. Students generally felt confident in following the storyline (83.3% often or always), analyzing characters (83.3%), and identifying the main conflict (83.3%). Most students apply information from texts in real life, frequently reread for clarity, and often create summaries. Overall, these findings demonstrate high engagement and understanding among Wattpad students, demonstrating their diverse reading habits and interactive use of the platform.

Social media as one of the technological developments has brought changes to people's lives to become an information society. Social media is also used by the government, one of which is the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Bangkok, which is used to share information related to foreign government policies that the public needs. To create informative dissemination, interactive communication is needed between followers and information providers. However, analysis of activity on social media accounts shows patterns that are not yet effective, so this research was carried out which aims to determine the effect of using the social media Instagram @indonesiainbangkok on meeting followers' information needs. The theory in this research is the theory of social media use by Lometti, Reeves, and Bybee which consists of the amount of time, media content, and media relationship with individuals. This research uses quantitative research methods with data collection techniques using  questionnaires distributed online. The population in this study was 11,600, then a sample of 100 people was obtained. Sampling in this study used a simple random sampling method or random without certain criteria. The data analysis method in this research uses simple linear regression analysis and  coefficient of determination. The research results  show that the use of social media Instagram @indonesiainbangkok has quite a large influence on fulfilling followers' information needs, namely 95.3% which means that the majority of followers of the @indonesiainbangkok Instagram account fulfill their information needs. Through this research, it is hoped that both followers and managers of Instagram @indonesiainbangkok can create more interactive and two-way communication for mutual comfort.

Factor analysis is a statistical method aimed at exploring correlations or relationships among variables studied, which are then grouped into fewer new factors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique used to reduce the dimensions of data with the goal of identifying hidden patterns or significant structures within the data. The research results indicate the presence of 5 factors influencing the decision-making process in online shopping among students of the University of North Sumatra via Shopee, namely the Funding Application Factor (28.141%), Information Reputation Factor (13.983%), Communication Satisfaction Factor (7.452%), Types and Compensation Factor (6.683%), and Guarantees and Prices Factor (5.794%). These five factors obtained a cumulative variance of 62.051%, indicating that they influence online shopping decisions through Shopee among University of North Sumatra students by 62.051%.

This study aims to desribe speech difficulties n children aged 4-5 years at TK Al-Khairat Kindergarten, Gorontalo City. The researcher employed a qualitative research method focusing on the speech diffuculties experienced by children. The study subjects were three children and their parents at TK Al-Khairat Kindergarten in Gorontalo City, Data was collected through interviews and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reducation, data ranging from poor arculation to difficulties in understanding and using vocabulary. The causes influencing these difficulties include motor speech disorders such as apraxia, lack of supportive social interactions, and familly communication patterns. These speech difficulties significantly impact the children’s social-emosional development, such as low self-concept and difficulties building social-emotional development, such as low self-concept and difficulties building social relationship. The study highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate intervention to help children overcome speech difficulties, ultimately supporting their social, emotional, and academic development.

The family environment is the main factor in forming a child's character. This research analyzes the role of the family in instilling moral and social values ​​in children. By using library research methods, this research aims to make adults, especially parents, aware that consistent parenting patterns, open communication, and providing good examples by parents greatly contribute to the development of children's character. This research highlights the importance of family and school collaboration in efforts to form a young generation with character. And the digital era has brought significant changes to the educational process. Apart from the role of the environment and family, this research also analyzes the influence of technology on the formation of children's character. Unwise use of technology can have a negative impact on a child's character development, such as a tendency towards individualism and a lack of empathy. However, the proper use of technology can be an effective tool in instilling positive values ​​in children. This research suggests the importance of digital literacy and adequate assistance for students in using technology.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of social media on language diversity, with a special emphasis on the phenomenon of code mixing, which is now a communication trend among Indonesian youth. Young people use code mixing to express their social and cultural identities in an international society. This study aims to understand how social media influences communication patterns and language diversity, and how code mixing impacts the socio-linguistic dynamics of young people. In addition, code mixing, which combines elements of Indonesian and English in conversation, has become part of everyday communication styles, especially on social media such as Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp. This study is also important to understand how social media influences communication patterns, language diversity, and the impact of code mixing on the socio-linguistic dynamics of young people. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the phenomenon of code mixing in young people's communication on social media. This qualitative approach is considered appropriate because it allows researchers to explore in depth the use of language in a particular social context.The use of code mixing in young people's communication is not just a trend, but reflects changing attitudes towards language. On the one hand, code mixing can be considered a form of linguistic creativity to enrich language diversity, young people use code mixing to express self-identity, openness to foreign cultures, or show affiliation with certain communities.