Publication Search

Anemia during pregnancy remains a common health problem and may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices examination are important to identify anemia and describe erythrocyte morphology in pregnant women. This study aimed to describe hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte indices among anemic pregnant women at Sentosa Maternity Hospital. This research used a descriptive design with secondary data obtained from hematological examination results of pregnant women who underwent laboratory testing at Sentosa Maternity Hospital from January to December 2023. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in frequency distribution tables. The results showed that out of 58 pregnant women undergoing hematological examination, 28 women (48%) were anemic with a mean hemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL, while 30 women (52%) had normal hemoglobin levels with a mean of 12.8 g/dL. Based on erythrocyte indices, most anemic pregnant women had microcytic hypochromic anemia, accounting for 19 women (67%) with mean MCV of 72.3 fL, MCH of 29.8 pg, and MCHC of 33.9 g/dL, whereas 9 women (33%) had normocytic normochromic anemia with mean MCV of 83.4 fL, MCH of 29.6 pg, and MCHC of 33.4 g/dL. It can be concluded that nearly half of the examined pregnant women experienced anemia, with microcytic hypochromic anemia being the most dominant type.

The proliferation of social media interactions frequently results in an increased risk of cyberbullying. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital literacy, digital security, and digital communication on cyberbullying prevention among Generation Z TikTok users. Employing an explanatory quantitative approach, data were collected through online questionnaires distributed to Generation Z students in the Information Systems Study Program at Universitas Internasional Batam. The respondent data were then analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The analytical results reveal that digital literacy does not significantly affect cyberbullying prevention. Conversely, both digital security and digital communication demonstrate a significant impact on cyberbullying prevention. Among the investigated variables, digital communication exerts the most dominant influence on preventing cyberbullying. These findings suggest that preventing cyberbullying requires more than merely digital knowledge; it heavily relies on the implementation of digital security measures and the capacity for ethical communication in digital environments. Ultimately, this research is expected to serve as a valuable reference for formulating effective cyberbullying mitigation strategies for Generation Z across social media platforms.

Background: The rising global burden of hypertension presents a massive public health challenge, with its mitigation heavily tied to modifiable dietary factors. Among these, the escalating intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has emerged as a significant dietary risk. Objectives: This study aims to synthesize recent epidemiological evidence regarding the association between various types of sweetened beverages and the risk of hypertension. Methods: A narrative-analytical review was conducted by retrieving observational studies and meta-analyses published between 2023 and 2026 from the Scopus database using explicit keyword combinations targeting SSBs, prospective cohorts, and blood pressure outcomes. Findings: Synthesized data reveals that high consumption of traditional SSBs significantly increases hypertension risk by 13% (RR: 1.13) and elevates systolic blood pressure in children, primarily driven by excess liquid calories. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) show a 14% risk increase in observational data, potentially confounded by reverse causation, whereas acute pure fructose ingestion triggers rapid transient blood pressure elevation. Energy drinks induce rapid 24-hour blood pressure spikes due to high caffeine content. Conversely, 100% pure fruit juice exerts a protective effect (RR: 0.74) via endothelial-improving polyphenols, while honey demonstrates a neutral effect. Implications: Public health policies must implement aggressive regulatory interventions, such as taxation on SSBs and energy drinks, alongside targeted dietary counseling that differentiates between harmful liquid sugars and protective natural fruit juices.

ASI eksklusif merupakan pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) tanpa tambahan makanan maupun minuman lain sejak bayi lahir hingga usia 6 bulan, kecuali obat dan vitamin. Setelah usia 6 bulan, pemberian ASI dilanjutkan bersama makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) hingga usia 2 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui  pemberian ASI eksklusif dan ASI lanjutan sampai usia 2 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Poasia Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan terdiri dari 6 ibu menyusui berusia 6-24 bulan, 1 bidan,1 kader dan 3 suami yang dipilih menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Antecedent, ibu memiliki pengetahuan mengenai ASI eksklusif dan ASI lanjutan hingga usia 2 tahun. Faktor pekerjaan memengaruhi praktik pemberian ASI, terutama pada ibu bekerja yang harus memerah dan menyimpan ASI. Dukungan keluarga, khususnya suami menjadi faktor penting dalam memberikan bantuan selama proses menyusui. Selain itu, dukungan petugas kesehatan melalui edukasi mengenai pemberian ASI ekslusif dan ASI lanjutan. Behavior, ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan dan melanjutkan ASI bersama MP-ASI. Proses menyusui dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan bayi dengan frekuensi sekitar 8–10 kali per hari dan durasi sekitar 10–15 menit setiap sesi. Namun, beberapa ibu mengalami produksi ASI yang tidak keluar sehingga beralih menggunakan susu formula. Consequence, pemberian ASI memberikan dampak positif peningkatan daya tahan tubuh bayi, serta menghemat ekonomi keluarga. Namun, ibu juga mengalami dampak negatif seperti kelelahan, puting lecet dan payudara bengkak.

This research was conducted at the Semarang City Public Works Department, particularly in the secretariat section responsible for correspondence administration and public information management (PPID). The study focuses on the conventional management of letter disposition, which makes it difficult for PPID officers to monitor letter status quickly, reduces process transparency, and may cause delays in decision-making and public services. This research aims to develop and implement a Disposition Monitoring Information System (SIMODIS) to digitize correspondence administration so that it becomes more effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable. The study uses ASTRID Analysis to identify strategic issues and a Design Thinking approach consisting of the Empathize, Define, Ideate, and Prototype stages. Empathy Map and Persona were also used to understand user needs. System testing was conducted using Black Box Testing to assess functionality and the System Usability Scale (SUS) to evaluate user experience. The results show that SIMODIS was successfully developed with features such as an admin dashboard, digital disposition forms, and a public mail status search portal. The SUS score reached 83, categorized as Excellent, indicating high usability and user acceptance.

One of the promising renewable energy sources is biomass, particularly underutilized candlenut shells, which can be processed into briquettes as a superior alternative to charcoal. This study aimed to utilize candlenut shell waste for briquette production, evaluating hardness and calorific value under varying carbonization temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) and mesh sizes (30 and 100). Briquettes were produced via carbonization and compression. Hardness was measured using a durometer, yielding the highest value of 76.33 HA at 600°C and 100 mesh, and the lowest of 43.58 HA at 400°C and 30 mesh. Calorific value, determined by bomb calorimetry, peaked at 7834.70 cal/g for 500°C and 30 mesh, while the lowest was 5085.24 cal/g at 500°C and 100 mesh. These results demonstrate that optimized carbonization and particle size enhance briquette quality, promoting sustainable biomass utilization for energy applications.

This literature review synthesizes findings from fifteen peer‑reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 to examine the determinants of sustainable competitive advantage in the furniture industry. The analysis reveals that green innovation, environmental performance, and market orientation interact as core drivers of competitiveness, supported by theoretical perspectives including the Resource‑Based View, Natural Resource‑Based View, Institutional Theory, Circular Economy, and Strategic Management frameworks. The review highlights how internal capabilities, regulatory compliance, and responsiveness to consumer preferences collectively shape the ability of micro, small, and medium enterprises to adapt to sustainability demands in global markets. Evidence shows that eco‑innovation practices, waste recovery strategies, and clustering models enhance efficiency and legitimacy, while indicators of green growth and brand performance provide practical tools for evaluating sustainability outcomes. The synthesis underscores that competitive advantage in this sector is not determined by isolated variables but by systemic integration across resources, operations, and market dynamics. This study contributes theoretically by consolidating fragmented insights into a coherent conceptual model and practically by offering guidance for enterprises and policymakers to foster green transformation. The findings emphasize the urgency of aligning industrial practices with ecological integrity and suggest that future research should examine cross‑country variations, longitudinal impacts, and the integration of digital technologies with sustainability strategies to strengthen the resilience of furniture enterprises in the global economy.

The media industry requires effective coordination and a supportive work environment to achieve organizational goals. However, internal communication and workplace conditions are often not optimal, affecting employee satisfaction. This study examines the effects of internal communication and the work environment on employee job satisfaction, with work motivation as a mediating variable. A quantitative causal approach was employed using an online questionnaire distributed to employees of PT Media Televisi Indonesia. From a population of 716 employees, 190 respondents were selected through disproportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed to examine the direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The findings indicate that internal communication and the work environment have positive and significant effects on work motivation. Work motivation and the work environment also positively influence employee job satisfaction. Moreover, work motivation significantly mediates the relationship between internal communication and job satisfaction, suggesting that effective communication enhances satisfaction by increasing motivation. Overall, improving open communication, creating a supportive work environment, and strengthening employee motivation are essential strategies for enhancing job satisfaction, employee engagement, and long-term organizational effectiveness in the media industry.

This study aims to examine the historical origins and development of the sociology of education, explore the biographies and ideas of key scholars from both Islamic and Western traditions, and analyze their relevance in the context of modern education. The development of education has always been closely linked to social, political, and economic dynamics, which gave rise to the sociology of education as a discipline that investigates the relationship between education and social change. Contemporary challenges such as social inequality, the impacts of globalization and technological advancement, and the growing demand for the democratization of education require a comprehensive examination of the major sociological theories that have emerged over time. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method through the analysis of relevant books and scholarly journal articles. The findings indicate that the ideas of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Herbert Spencer, George Herbert Mead, Talcott Parsons, and Ali Shariati have made significant contributions to understanding the functions, conflicts, and interactions within education. Structural functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories provide complementary analytical frameworks for explaining education’s role as a means of social integration, an arena for the reproduction of inequality, and a space for the construction of meaning and identity. By adopting a comparative approach across different intellectual traditions, this study offers a holistic perspective for the development of the sociology of education in the modern era.

Religious values play an essential role in shaping students' character and behavior through the practice of faith, worship, and moral conduct in everyday life. This study aims to analyze the efforts of Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving students' religious values at Nurul Ilmi Islamic Elementary School, Pengabuan Village, Abab District, Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency (PALI), as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors encountered during the process. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis followed three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers enhance students' religious values through several strategies, including habituation of worship practices, providing religious advice, serving as role models, utilizing school literacy media, and implementing the 5S culture (Smile, Greeting, Salutation, Politeness, and Courtesy). Supporting factors include the consistent implementation of religious programs, effective collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community, as well as adequate educational facilities. Meanwhile, the main obstacles include students' limited awareness of religious values, unfavorable social environments, insufficient cooperation between schools and families, the negative influence of technology and social media, and peer pressure. The study concludes that strengthening students' religious values requires continuous collaboration between schools, families, and communities, supported by consistent educational programs and exemplary teacher behavior to foster students' spiritual and moral development.

Literature reviews play a crucial role in scientific research because they serve to integrate previous research findings to build a conceptual framework that supports new research. However, in the practice of writing Classroom Action Research (CAR) articles, previous research is often presented descriptively without adequate conceptual synthesis. This study aims to systematically analyze the practice of citing prior research in the literature review of CAR articles as part of a systematic literature review. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, which include the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and literature synthesis. Literature sources were obtained from various academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Crossref using keywords relevant to classroom action research and literature reviews. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis to identify patterns and trends in the writing practices of previous research in the literature review of classroom action research. The results indicate that literature review writing in action research articles is still dominated by a descriptive approach that presents previous research sequentially without adequate conceptual integration and thematic synthesis. Furthermore, critical evaluation of prior research methodologies remains limited, meaning that literature reviews do not yet fully serve as a foundation for developing the theoretical framework of the research. The findings highlight the importance of applying a systematic literature review approach in writing PTK literature reviews to produce a more analytical, systematic, and integrated synthesis of the literature.

A research team at BCA KCU Veterans Company in Surabaya conducted a study to determine how job satisfaction and their participation in recognition and reward programs affect their performance at work. By sending a survey to 66 workers in the business sector, this study applied quantitative survey stages. Multiple linear regression evaluation was performed on the collected data. Workplace performance was the dependent variable, while factors such as salary, appreciation, and overall job satisfaction were the independent variables. The findings revealed that all three independent variables simultaneously impact employee productivity. Salary, benefits, bonuses, and incentives serve to motivate employees to work harder. Employees feel psychologically motivated when their efforts and achievements are recognized through awards. Job satisfaction makes people more dedicated and efficient. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.629 indicates that factors other than recognition, appreciation, and job satisfaction influence the remaining variation in employee performance, accounting for 62.9%. To motivate employees to perform at their best, this study highlights the importance of implementing efficient recognition and appreciation programs and creating a work environment that supports job satisfaction.

This study aims to describe the process of implementing the Sympathy Mailbox media in writing expressions of concern by knowing the improvement in student learning outcomes and their responses. This study uses experimental research with a quantitative descriptive approach and a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects involved were 64 seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 47 Surabaya. Data collection included observation, tests, and questionnaires with data analyzed in the form of percentages, means, and t-tests. The results obtained showed that the learning process ran very well starting from the preparation stage in the form of providing two sympathy boxes, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage through the final test and response questionnaire. This can be proven by the percentage of student activity of 93.75% and educators 90%. The average student learning score increased in the pre-test from 75.12 to 84.37 with a gain value of 9.31. The t-test produced a t-count value of 9.23 which was higher than the t-table, this proved that there was a significant influence of the sympathy mailbox media on the ability to write expressions of concern. The students' response to the learning was very positive, so it can be concluded that the process of implementing the sympathy box media in learning was successful.

This study aims to analyze educational marketing management strategies in attracting students’ interest at MTs Al-Mursyidiyyah. The research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through literature review and in-depth interviews with the school principal as the key informant. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that MTs Al-Mursyidiyyah has comprehensively implemented educational marketing strategies based on the 7P marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process). The product dimension is reflected in the integration of academic-religious curriculum supported by technology and diverse extracurricular programs. Promotional strategies are carried out through digital platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and online admission websites, as well as conventional promotion through the annual November Festival. Strengthening human resources, modernizing facilities, and digitizing educational services also contribute to enhancing the school’s image. The study concludes that the success in attracting prospective students is strongly influenced by the synergy between product quality, promotional effectiveness, and physical evidence that build public trust in the educational institution.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a mode of delivery frequently used in women with high-risk pregnancies. Over the past two decades, the rate of CS has increased significantly worldwide. Although CS can be a life-saving intervention when performed based on appropriate medical indications, it may also result in adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants and increase the clinical and economic burden on healthcare systems. Limiting CS rates can be achieved through the control of modifiable risk factors. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the factors contributing to the occurrence of cesarean section. Method: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted at Singasana Regional General Hospital, Tabanan Regency, from February to May 2025. The study sample consisted of 259 women who underwent cesarean delivery during the period 2020–2024. Data were collected through a review of medical records using a checklist instrument. Univariate analysis was performed to describe maternal characteristics and indications for cesarean section. Result: Most cesarean deliveries occurred in women aged 20–35 years (77.99%) and in multiparous women (48.65%). The most dominant maternal factor was a previous cesarean section (37.6%), while the most common fetal factor was fetal distress (42.7%). Conclusion: Maternal age of 20–35 years, multiparity, a history of previous cesarean section, and fetal distress were the dominant factors associated with cesarean delivery. These findings highlight the importance of early antenatal risk screening and optimal labor management to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections and improve maternal and neonatal safety.

The implementation of web-based archive digitalization can help improve performance in the field of archive recording, which was previously still manual at the Naval Academy. Some of the obstacles include archiving that is still manual, many files lost due to piled-up storage systems, and human resources in the field of archiving that are still lacking. This study aims to increase time and cost efficiency in archive processing, reduce the risk of loss and damage to archives, and improve the abilities and skills of human resources in the process of using digital archives. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation with respondents as well as appropriate documentation. The data analysis was carried out through the processes of data reduction, data display, as well as verification or drawing conclusions. The research results can help improve the efficiency and security of archiving by minimizing risks, so that archive management can enhance efficiency and effectiveness, focusing on the implementation of web-based applications.


This study examines the gap between Nestlé’s sustainability commitments and the reality of ecological damage caused by the use of unsustainable raw materials in its global supply chain. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature reviews and case study analysis, this study evaluates various data sources, ranging from scientific journals and corporate reports to documentation from independent organizations such as Greenpeace and the Rainforest Action Network. Findings indicate that Nestlé’s procurement of key commodities such as palm oil, cocoa, soy, dairy products, and singleuse plastics significantly contributes to deforestation, systemic plastic pollution, water extraction in vulnerable regions, and greenhouse gas emissions exceeding 87.5 million tons of CO₂e per year. In Indonesia, these highrisk areas are evident in palm oil sourcing in Sumatra and Kalimantan and cocoa sourcing in Sulawesi. Theoretically, this study argues that Nestlé’s sustainability governance exhibits a pattern of strategic decoupling, where public reporting on progress in primary supply chains is deliberately used to mask ongoing environmental damage within their hidden supply networks. Thus, this article makes a critical contribution by integrating supply chain management theory, environmental accountability, and the governance of multinational corporations.

Coffee tree trunks are a low-demand biomass resource with potential to be converted into higher-value products, such as charcoal briquettes. This study investigates the effect of drying temperature and particle size (Mesh 30 and Mesh 250) on the performance of coffee wood charcoal briquettes using starch as a binder. Drying was conducted at temperatures of 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C. The briquettes were tested through combustion by heating 50 ml of water, while temperature changes were recorded every minute using a thermocouple until boiling point was reached. Additional analyses included moisture content, ash content, combustion rate, and calorific value.The results show that higher drying temperatures improve briquette performance. The highest combustion rate for Mesh 30 was 0.20 g/min at 100°C, while Mesh 250 reached 0.16 g/min at the same temperature. The calorific value increased with temperature, with Mesh 30 reaching 7178.02 cal/g and Mesh 250 achieving 7498.80 cal/g at 100°C. Although Mesh 30 briquettes exhibited competitive calorific values, their combustion stability was lower compared to Mesh 250.These findings indicate that drying temperature and particle size significantly influence the quality and performance of coffee wood charcoal briquettes

This study aims to design a liquid dish soap made from lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.) as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemical-based soaps. Lerak fruit was selected due to its high saponin content, which functions as a natural surfactant capable of producing foam and removing grease. This research integrates three courses: Product Design and Development using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method with House of Quality (HOQ) to identify consumer needs; Work Measurement Analysis using Operation Process Charts (OPC) to design the production process; and Cost Estimation Analysis using the full costing method to calculate production costs and determine the selling price. Results show that the best product concepts are Concept 4 and Concept 8, characterized by natural lerak surfactant, active ingredient concentration above 15%, pH of approximately 6, citrus/lemon scent, and pump bottle packaging. The production process consists of preparation, mixing, boiling, addition of thickener, cooling, pressing, filtering, and packaging, with a total production time of 142.05 minutes for two 500 ml products. Total production cost is Rp65,184, with a cost of goods sold (COGS) of Rp32,592 per unit and a selling price of Rp34,000 per unit.

Carburizing is one of the most widely applied thermochemical surface treatments to enhance the mechanical performance of steels; however, existing studies remain fragmented, with limited integration of diffusion mechanisms, process parameters, and their combined effects on surface performance, which hinders process optimization for advanced applications requiring improved wear and corrosion resistance. This study addresses this gap through a systematic literature review (SLR) of approximately 28 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and ScienceDirect, using a structured methodology consisting of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and comparative analysis focusing on key variables such as temperature, holding time, carburizing media, and diffusion behavior. The analysis shows that carbon diffusion kinetics and case characteristics are strongly influenced by process parameters, where temperatures of 850–950°C and longer holding times significantly increase case depth (up to >1 mm) and surface hardness (typically 50–65 HRC or improvements up to ~150 HV). In addition, clear distinctions among carburizing methods were identified: gas and vacuum carburizing offer superior control of carbon potential and microstructural uniformity, while pack and liquid carburizing provide more economical alternatives with lower process precision. Notably, inconsistencies were found in correlating diffusion depth with corrosion resistance, indicating a critical research gap. This review establishes an integrated framework linking diffusion mechanisms, processing parameters, and surface performance, offering insights for optimizing carburizing processes and highlighting the need for future studies that simultaneously evaluate mechanical and corrosion properties.