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Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

The rapid advancement of science and technology requires universities to provide safe, comfortable, and representative learning facilities. One such initiative is the construction of a five-story lecture building at Dr. Soetomo University, designed with a steel structure as an alternative to reinforced concrete. Steel was chosen due to its high tensile strength, uniform material properties, lighter weight, ease of installation, and strong resistance to earthquake loads. This study aims to design a five-story lecture building with a steel structure that meets the requirements of strength, stability, and safety in accordance with applicable standards. The method applied is structural planning based on SNI 1729:2020, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 1726:2019 using the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach. Structural analysis was conducted with SAP2000 version 2014 through three-dimensional modeling that considers geometry, material properties, loading, and placement. The results show that the selected steel profiles for beams, columns, and connections are capable of supporting the combination of dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads with safe performance. The maximum stress remains below the allowable limit, and the deflection values do not exceed the permitted deviation. These findings confirm that steel provides efficiency in dimensions and materials while offering practicality and earthquake resistance, and the design produced can serve as a useful reference for future multi-story building projects in earthquake-prone regions.

Injection contraception is one of the most widely used family planning methods in Indonesia. However, its use is often associated with side effects in the form of weight gain. The commonly used types of injection contraception are the 1-month and 3-month injections, each containing different hormonal contents, which are suspected to have different effects on the weight of the acceptors. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of 1-month and 3-month injection contraception on weight gain in family planning acceptors at PMB Wahyuning Purwati Sleman Regency. This research employs a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 37 injectable contraceptive acceptors was selected using accidental sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test to determine body weight changes before and after using injectable contraceptives. The results showed an increase in body weight among users of the 1-month injectable contraceptive with an average of 3.158 kg (p<0.000) and among users of the 3-month injectable contraceptive with an average of 3.653 kg (p<0.006). Both types of injectable contraception showed a significant effect on weight gain. The weight gain was greater in users of the 3-month injection compared to the 1-month injection. There is a need for more intensive education and counseling for contraceptive acceptors regarding the side effects of injectable contraception and the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer dosage on the growth and yield of white mustard (Brassica Pekinensis) ITTO variety to determine the effect of using organic kasgot biochar fertilizer on the growth and yield of white mustard (Brassica Pekinensis) ITTO variety  of white mustard (Brassica Pekinensis) ITTO variety to determine the interaction between the treatment of 16:16:16 fertilizer dosage and organic kasgot biochar fertilizer on the growth and yield of white mustard (Brassica Pekinensis) ITTO variety.This study was conducted in the land of UPT BIH (Horticulture Parent Seed Task Force Unit) Kutagadung, Berastagi District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The study was conducted in November 2023 - December 2023. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of two factors, namely: Factor I. Provision of Kasgot Biochar Fertilizer (K) with 4 levels, namely: K0 = Control, K1 = 1 kg / plot, K2 = 2 Kg / plot. Factor II. Application of NPK Fertilizer 16:16:16 (P) with 4 levels, namely N0 = Control N1 = 10 grams/plot, N2 = 20 grams/plot, N3 = 30 grams/plot The results of the study showed that the Use of Kasgot Biochar Fertilizer (K) was significantly different from plant height, plant diameter, leaf width, fresh weight per crop of sample plants, fresh weight of plants per plot and production per hectare. The best treatment was the K2 treatment (2 kg/plot). The use of NPK Fertilizer (N) was significantly different from plant height, plant diameter, leaf width, fresh weight per crop of sample plants, fresh weight of plants per plot and production per hectare. The best treatment of N-P-K 16-16-16 fertilizer was the N3 treatment (30 grams/plot), and the Interaction of the use of Kasgot Biochar Fertilizer (K) and NPK Fertilizer (N) was not significantly different from plant height, plant diameter, leaf width, fresh weight per crop of sample plants, fresh weight of plants per plot and production per hectare.

The rapid development of information technology has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the decision-making process that requires precision and objectivity. One of the problems often faced is product selection with various complex criteria, for example in selecting a quality drum. Drums as a percussion instrument have many variations in terms of sound quality, material, design, price, and durability, so a system is needed that can assist users in making a more rational choice. This study aims to develop a website-based Decision Support System (DSS) using the Weighted Product (WP) method to provide recommendations for drum selection. The WP method was chosen because it is able to perform calculations by considering the weight of each criterion so that the recommendation results are more objective. The system implementation is carried out through the design of a user-friendly web-based interface, making it easier for users to access, compare alternatives, and obtain recommendations without having to perform manual assessments that are time-consuming and potentially subjective. System testing was carried out by comparing the results of the system's recommendations with expert assessments, which obtained an accuracy level of 95%. These results indicate that the developed system has a high level of reliability and is suitable for use as an aid in decision-making in selecting quality drums. With this system, it is hoped that users, both beginners and professionals, will find it easier to choose drums that suit their needs and preferences.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder whose prevalence continues to rise, making it a major challenge for health systems worldwide. This disease results from a combination of insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic β-cell function, leading to persistent hyperglycemia and increased risk of long-term complications affecting the kidneys, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and eyes. This report describes the case of a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with T2DM for approximately ten years. The patient presented with fatigue, nocturnal polyuria, nausea after meals, significant weight loss, and tingling in her extremities. Laboratory findings revealed an HbA1c level of 12%, reflecting very poor glycemic control. A family medicine approach was applied through detailed history taking, physical and laboratory examinations, home visits, and completion of a family folder to assess clinical, personal, social, and functional aspects. Interventions included counseling on balanced diet, encouragement of regular physical activity, education on diabetic foot care, and pharmacological treatment with metformin and insulin. The family received counseling about hereditary risk factors, the importance of emotional support, and the need for consistent monitoring of health status. The patient was still capable of light daily activities, supported by a highly functional family environment with an APGAR score of 10. A holistic family medicine–based approach was shown to improve treatment adherence, patient knowledge, and overall quality of life. Therefore, management of T2DM requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative components, emphasizing the active involvement of family and community at the primary care level to reduce complications, slow disease progression, and enhance patient well-being.   Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder whose prevalence continues to rise, making it a major challenge for health systems worldwide. This disease results from a combination of insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic β-cell function, leading to persistent hyperglycemia and increased risk of long-term complications affecting the kidneys, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and eyes. This report describes the case of a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with T2DM for approximately ten years. The patient presented with fatigue, nocturnal polyuria, nausea after meals, significant weight loss, and tingling in her extremities. Laboratory findings revealed an HbA1c level of 12%, reflecting very poor glycemic control. A family medicine approach was applied through detailed history taking, physical and laboratory examinations, home visits, and completion of a family folder to assess clinical, personal, social, and functional aspects. Interventions included counseling on balanced diet, encouragement of regular physical activity, education on diabetic foot care, and pharmacological treatment with metformin and insulin. The family received counseling about hereditary risk factors, the importance of emotional support, and the need for consistent monitoring of health status. The patient was still capable of light daily activities, supported by a highly functional family environment with an APGAR score of 10. A holistic family medicine–based approach was shown to improve treatment adherence, patient knowledge, and overall quality of life. Therefore, management of T2DM requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative components, emphasizing the active involvement of family and community at the primary care level to reduce complications, slow disease progression, and enhance patient well-being.

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Kevlar as a structural material in Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), particularly those designed with winglet innovations. In UAV development, material selection plays a crucial role since it directly affects flight performance, fuel efficiency, and the overall durability of the aircraft structure. Kevlar is widely recognized as a lightweight yet highly durable material, making it an interesting candidate to replace more conventional options such as aluminum and carbon fiber composites. Two approaches were applied in this research: numerical simulations using aerodynamic software and experimental testing on a prototype wing and winglet reinforced with Kevlar. The analysis focused on comparing lift, drag, total aircraft weight, and fuel consumption between Kevlar-based structures and conventional materials. The results demonstrate that Kevlar significantly improves aerodynamic efficiency and extends flight endurance due to its lower weight. Moreover, Kevlar exhibits superior resistance to dynamic loads and impacts, which are critical during certain flight conditions. However, challenges remain in terms of higher production costs and more complex manufacturing processes compared to traditional materials. Despite these limitations, the findings provide valuable insights for developing more efficient and durable MALE UAVs, while also encouraging innovation in aerodynamic design through the application of winglet technology.

Organic agriculture plays a vital role in Indonesia’s agricultural development, with a key challenge being how to boost productivity efficiently and sustainably. Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) derived from natural materials provides an eco-friendly option to improve soil fertility and crop yields. Bamboo shoots (Bambusa spp.), rich in organic carbon and gibberellin, present strong potential as LOF raw material to support plant growth. This study evaluated the effect of bamboo shoot-based LOF on the growth and yield of white radish (Raphanus sativus). The research was conducted from May to August 2025 in Kalolok, Batupapan Village, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, at an altitude of 775 m. LOF was produced by fermenting 200 kg of ground bamboo shoots with 4 kg palm sugar, 1 liter EM4, and 200 liters water for 14 days. Treatments consisted of 0, 100, 200, and 300 ml per liter of water, applied twice at two-week intervals starting 14 days after planting. Using a randomized block design with four treatments and three replications, variables observed included plant height, leaf number, tuber size, and yield. Results showed that 300 ml/liter LOF gave the best outcomes: tallest plants (27 cm), most leaves (15.89), largest tubers (29.37 cm length; 6.06 cm diameter), and highest weight (731 g/plant; 6936.67 g/plot). These effects are linked to balanced nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) enhancing vegetative growth and tuber development. Thus, bamboo shoot-based LOF at 300 ml/liter is recommended as an effective organic fertilizer for white radish.

Business expansion is a strategic step undertaken by companies to increase profitability while broadening their market reach. Hoka Hoka Bento (HokBen) is one of the companies that consistently implements this strategy. This study aims to identify potential locations for new HokBen outlets in Depok City by utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. Several parameters were considered, including proximity to commercial and entertainment centers, competitors, educational facilities, public facilities, road networks, population density, banking services, hotels, offices, residential areas, hospitals, existing stores, and places of worship. The analysis was conducted using Euclidean Distance, Buffering, Reclassification, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority weights of each criterion. These weights were then integrated through the Weighted Overlay technique to produce a location suitability map. The findings reveal that the most influential factors are commercial and entertainment buildings (0.101), road networks (0.099), and educational facilities (0.092). The resulting suitability map highlights potential areas across Depok City, particularly in zones close to community activity centers. The results demonstrate that GIS-based multicriteria analysis is effective for mapping location suitability and identifying strategic zones for expansion. Therefore, this research contributes to supporting the company’s strategic decision-making through data-driven approaches while also enriching the academic field of business geography and urban planning. In addition, the outcomes can be applied as a reference model for other fast-food chains or retail industries planning spatially optimized expansion strategies in highly competitive urban environments.

Background : Nausea and vomiting are common physiological complaints during the first trimester of pregnancy, caused mainly by increased levels of hCG, estrogen, and progesterone. Although considered normal, these symptoms can disrupt daily activities and decrease quality of life. If excessive, they may result in complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, and hyperemesis gravidarum, which threaten maternal and fetal health. Management can involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. One safe, simple, and widely applied non-pharmacological approach is acupressure at the Pericardium 6 (PC6) point, believed to regulate the nausea center in the brain. Objective : This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acupressure at the PC6 point in reducing nausea and vomiting among first-trimester pregnant women at PMB Ariyawati Susiandari, S.Tr.Keb., Central Lampung Regency. Method : This pre-experimental study used a one-group pretest–posttest design. Acupressure was performed at the PC6 point for 30 seconds, twice daily (morning and evening). Data were collected by observing changes in the intensity of nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention.The assessment was conducted by observing changes in the intensity of nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention. Result : Before acupressure, all respondents experienced moderate nausea and vomiting. After the intervention, most reported improvement, with symptoms reduced to the mild category. Statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of p=0.000, indicating a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores. Conclusion : Acupressure at the PC6 point effectively reduced nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women. This method can be recommended as a complementary non-pharmacological therapy that is safe, practical, and easily integrated into midwifery care.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of attractants on the activity of the pollinating beetle Elaeidobius kamerunicus and its impact on the efficiency of pollination and palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) production at PT Menthobi Makmur Lestari, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. The study was conducted from May to July 2025 using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: topography (flat 0–8% and hilly 15–25%) and attractant doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 ml/ha) with three replications.The parameters observed included the frequency of E. kamerunicus visits to female flowers and the percentage of fruit set. The results showed that the topography factor, attractant dose, and their interaction significantly affected the number of E. kamerunicus visits and fruit set (p < 0.01). The combination of flat land with high attractant doses resulted in the highest visits (69.04 beetles/spike) and maximum fruit set (75.11%), while the hilly land without attractants showed the lowest results (34.60 beetles/spike; 61.22%). The application of attractants increased fruit set by more than 20% compared to the control, leading to an increase in bunch weight (BJR) of approximately 5.67 kg/bunch, additional production of about 1,151 kg FFB/ha per 1.5 months, and a potential income of Rp 3,683,200/ha, far exceeding the application cost of Rp 211,638/ha. These results indicate that the use of attractants is an effective and efficient agronomic strategy to improve palm oil productivity. Thus, attractants have proven to significantly enhance pollination efficiency and palm oil production, providing substantial economic benefits to farmers and supporting the sustainability of palm oil plantations. This approach offers an applicable and sustainable solution for agricultural practices, which can be applied to various locations with similar topographical conditions.  

A research project entitled Optimisation of Gandasil D Use to Increase Kale (Barassica Oleracea Var. Acephala) Productivity in Hydroponic Systems was conducted at the Pakkea Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, North Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This research project aims to determine the response of Ab mix nutrients and Gandasil D fertiliser in the DFT system to the growth and production of kale plants. The method used in this study was a randomised block design (RAK) with 6 levels of Gandasil D concentration. (KO = Control), (K1 = 0.5 grams/litre of water), (K2 = 1 gram/litre of water), (K3 = 1.5 grams/litre of water), (K4 = 2 grams/litre of water), (K5 = 2.5 grams/litre of water) with 3 replications and with AB MIX concentrations, 0 to 7 days after planting = 400 ppm, 8 to 14 days after planting = 600 ppm, 15 to 21 days after planting = 800 ppm, 22 to 28 days after planting = 1000 ppm, 29 to 35 days after planting = 1200 ppm, 36 days and onwards until harvest = 1500 ppm. The variables observed in this study were plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and plant stem diameter. The results showed that a concentration of Gandasil D 2.5 grams/litre of water gave the best results with an average plant height of 37.93 cm, 12.56 leaves, leaf length of 24.16 cm, leaf width of 14.31 cm, stem diameter of 11.69 mm, and harvest weight of 232.89/plant. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by a post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. The analysis of the feasibility of farming showed an R/C ratio of 1.03, which means that kale cultivation using a hydroponic system and the aforementioned nutrient concentration is feasible and profitable.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

The use of organic materials as fertilizers is an important effort to improve soil fertility and crop productivity sustainably. Gliricidia sepium (gamal leaves) is a leguminous plant rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and contains bioactive compounds and microbes that support plant growth. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from fermented gamal leaves offers advantages including ease of application, high nutrient absorption by plants, and environmental friendliness compared to synthetic chemical fertilizers that may cause pollution and other negative impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LOF from gamal leaves on the growth and yield of Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, UKI Toraja, South Sulawesi, from April to July 2025. The LOF was produced by fermenting gamal leaves for 15 days using EM-4 solution and palm sugar as activators. The LOF was applied three times at two-week intervals, starting at 7 days after planting (DAP), by soil drenching around the base of the plants. Observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant and per plot, average fruit diameter and length, and fruit weight per plant and per plot. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a 0.05 significance level. The results showed that application of LOF from gamal leaves at a dose of 300 ml per plant produced the best results across all observed parameters, including plant height, leaf number and area, stem diameter, fruit number, fruit size, and fruit weight per plant and per plot.

The coal blending process conducted by PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi (PT. BBE) aims to achieve coal quality specifications that align with customer requirements. PT. BBE possesses multiple coal seams with varying quality characteristics, necessitating a carefully planned blending system with precise proportions to produce coal products that meet market demands. The objectives of this study are: to plan the quantity and quality parameters for coal blending, to evaluate the actual outcomes of coal blending in terms of quantity and quality, and to identify the factors contributing to discrepancies between the planned and actual coal quality following the blending process. To determine the optimal quantity and quality of each coal product in the blending plan, the simplex method was employed with the assistance of POM-QM for Windows version 5 software, alongside the weighting factor method. The final coal blending plan resulted in a total of 55,000 MT with the following quality specifications total moisture of 20.00% (ar), ash content of 6.10% (ad), total sulfur of 1.65% (ad), and a calorific value of 5,350 kcal/kg (ad). The actual blending outcome yielded the same quantity of 55,000 MT, with quality parameters as follows: total moisture of 20.18% (ad), ash content of 5.60% (ad), total sulfur of 1.35% (ad), and a calorific value of 5,340 kcal/kg (ad). The analysis of quality discrepancies revealed several contributing factors the presence of water accumulation in the ROM Stockpile following rainfall, which increased total moisture, the inadvertent inclusion of foreign materials into the feeder, resulting in elevated ash content, the unintentional mixing of coal from different product types, which led to inconsistencies in total moisture, ash content, total sulfur, and calorific value, and the rise in total moisture, which adversely affected the calorific value.

The prevalence of stunting globally in 2021 reached 171 million to 314 million. In Indonesia, the results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) showed that the stunting rate in 2019 was 27.7%, in 2021 it was 24.4%, and in 2022 it was 21.4%. Child stunting is a health concern in Indonesia. Causes of stunting in children include poor nutrition, low exclusive breastfeeding rates, low birth weight (LBW), and maternal factors in providing nutrition from pregnancy to 59 months of age. Research reports that stunting is influenced by parents' lack of knowledge about balanced nutrition. Knowledge plays a vital role in the life and development of individuals and society.Purpose This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District, Jepara City. Method This research is a quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were mothers with toddlers in the Jambu Village area, Mlonggo District. The sampling technique used total sampling to obtain a sample of 34 respondents. Measurement of the level of knowledge of nutritional balance by providing questions with multiple choices of true and false and for stunting using Microtois and Anthropometric Table. Data processing using SPSS with a computer using the Spearman Rho statistical test.The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents had good nutritional balance knowledge, amounting to 16 (47.1%), while 17 (50.0%) respondents did not experience stunting.There is a relationship between maternal knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Jambu Village, Mlonggo District, Jepara Regency.

The research project is titled Production Potential of Bitter Melons (Momordica charantia L.) Using POC Azolla and AB Mix on the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) System was carried out in Bungin, North Makale District, Tana Toraja Regency from May to August 2025. This study aims to determine the economic potential of bitter melon plants by providing AB Mix and POC Azolla nutrients in hydroponic methods and analyze the best influence of these nutrient combinations on the growth and production of bitter melon plants. The research method used was a Group Random Design (RAK) with four treatments, namely 100% AB Mix, AB Mix 80% + POC Azolla 20%, AB Mix 70% + POC Azolla 30%, and AB Mix 60% + POC Azolla 40%. The results of the study showed that P1 treatment (AB Mix 80% + POC Azolla 20%) had the best influence on the vegetative and generative growth of bitter melon plants. This treatment results in a higher average plant height, leaf count, and fruit weight than other treatments. This proves that the combination of Azolla liquid organic fertilizer (POC) with AB Mix is able to provide a balance of nutrients that support photosynthesis, tissue formation, and fruit quality. In addition, the application of the DFT hydroponic system has been proven to increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, reduce the risk of soil pest attacks, and produce more hygienic bitter melon products. These findings show that hydroponic cultivation innovation with the use of POC Azolla can be a sustainable solution in supporting food security while being environmentally friendly. Thus, this research makes an important contribution to the development of modern agricultural technology, especially in optimizing the production of vegetables with high economic value.

Transmission line reconductoring is one of the strategic solutions to increase the capacity and efficiency of the power system without the need to build new infrastructure. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of two types of conductors, namely ACSR Hawk and ACCC Amsterdam, used in the Suralaya-Cilegon 500 kV SUTET transmission line. The comparison is carried out by considering technical aspects including power losses, ampacity, horizontal and vertical sag values, and overall energy efficiency. The research methodology involved a literature study, collection of conductor technical data, calculation of resistance, current, and power losses, and simulation of sag values against temperature variations. In addition, economic analysis and field implementation aspects were also considered to assess the feasibility of using each conductor. The results show that Amsterdam's ACCC conductor has superior technical performance compared to Hawk's ACSR. ACCC is capable of delivering currents up to ±1300 A, compared to ACSR Hawk which is only ±800 A. The power loss value using ACCC is recorded at ±1.34 MW, lower than ACSR Hawk at ±1.79 MW. In addition, ACCC exhibits smaller sag values due to its lighter weight and higher tensile stress, making it more stable against temperature fluctuations. In terms of energy efficiency, the use of ACCC can save energy up to ±3942 MWh per year. By considering the technical advantages and long-term energy efficiency, this study recommends the use of Amsterdam ACCC as a reconductoring solution for high-voltage transmission lines, especially in systems that have high loads and require maximum reliability and efficiency.

This research discusses the effect of coconut dregs compost (Cocos nucifera L.) on the growth and yield of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivated using polybag media. This research is motivated by the importance of utilizing organic waste, especially coconut dregs, which has not been utilized optimally. Coconut dregs contain organic materials and nutrients that have the potential to increase soil fertility and improve the structure of the planting medium, so it is expected to support the vegetative and generative growth of tomato plants. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatments given were different doses of coconut dregs compost, namely P0 (control without compost), P1 (100 g/polybag), P2 (200 g/polybag), P3 (300 g/polybag), P4 (400 g/polybag), and P5 (500 g/polybag). The parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, number of fruits per plant, root length, and estimated yield per hectare. The results showed that the application of coconut pulp compost significantly affected several growth parameters, such as plant height, stem diameter, and fresh weight. However, no significant effect was found on the number of fruits per plant or yield per hectare. The most prominent response was seen in the root length parameter, which showed a significant increase with increasing compost dosage. From the observations, the best treatment was at a dosage of 300 g/polybag (P3), which provided an optimal balance between vegetative growth and potential generative yield.