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The phenomenon of buzzers in digital advertising has become a critical concern in contemporary communication dynamics, due to their role in spreading covert messages for commercial and political purposes. This study aims to analyze the persuasive strategies and communication tactics of buzzers, algorithmic amplification patterns, and audience perceptions toward the disseminated content. Using a qualitative method through a systematic literature review, the study identifies three dominant buzzer strategies: native advertising, pseudo-influencer testimonials, and clickbait-based disinformation. These are often amplified through algorithmic tactics such as bot networks, trending hashtags, and endorsements by constructed influencer personas. Findings show that buzzer content is effective when perceived as authentic and emotionally engaging, but tends to generate resistance once users detect manipulation. The study’s implications highlight the need for greater transparency in digital communication, regulation of sponsored content, and improved media literacy to mitigate disinformation and public distrust. The research also emphasizes the importance of ethical approaches in digital communication practices to safeguard democratic integrity and sustainable brand–public relationships.

This study investigates the impact of cashless payment technologies, specifically e-toll and Garda Total Objek (GTO), on customer satisfaction and travel efficiency on the Tangerang-Merak Toll Road. The research demonstrates that the implementation of these technologies significantly enhances travel time efficiency and overall user satisfaction, providing a more seamless and convenient toll payment experience. Despite these positive outcomes, the study identifies several technical challenges that hinder optimal performance. Notably, there is an 18% transaction failure rate, primarily caused by malfunctions in card reader devices and server disruptions, which negatively affect the customer experience. In addition to technological reliability, the quality of service delivered by field staff and the degree of customer loyalty emerge as critical factors influencing sustained use of the digital payment system and overall satisfaction levels.The study underscores the importance of time efficiency and customer loyalty as key drivers for improving service quality and encouraging the widespread adoption of cashless systems. To address these challenges, the study recommends enhancing the reliability of payment devices and network infrastructure through regular maintenance and upgrades. Furthermore, the adoption of Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) technology is suggested to allow toll transactions without stopping, thereby reducing traffic congestion and waiting times at toll plazas. Continuous staff training is essential to improve service response and technical troubleshooting. Additionally, customer loyalty programs offering incentives like discounts and rewards could increase user engagement. The study also emphasizes the need for increased public education on cashless payment systems and their features to minimize resistance and misunderstandings. Finally, ongoing monitoring and evaluation based on user feedback are critical for promptly addressing issues and sustainably improving customer satisfaction.

Mining roads play an important role in supporting the smooth running of mining activities, especially in the process of transporting materials. The bearing capacity of the soil as a road subgrade greatly affects the stability and resistance of the road to heavy equipment loads. This study aims to analyze the effect of the plasticity index and compaction parameters on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, as well as to determine the thickness of the road layer based on the laboratory CBR value. Testing was carried out at the South Pit of PT. Bina Sarana Sukses site PT. Baramulti Suksessarana with a field test method using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and laboratory tests such as proctor tests, Atterberg limit tests, and CBR tests on various variations of clay and sand soil mixtures. The results showed that increasing the plasticity index decreased the CBR value, while increasing the maximum dry density and decreasing the optimum water content increased the CBR value. Based on the laboratory CBR value, recommendations were obtained for the appropriate road layer thickness to ensure optimal bearing capacity for heavy equipment passing through the research area.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.

This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.  

The Dark Indonesia Action is a symbol of the resistance and struggle of the youth in fighting for justice. The action not only took place in Jakarta but also in several regions including in Jember Regency, precisely in front of the DPRD building. The action, which was dominated by students, took place peacefully and orderly. Participants compactly used all-black clothes as a form of representation for the realization of one hundred days of leadership of the elected president. This research aims to analyze the dark Indonesia action that occurred in Jember using the social movement theory proposed by Charles Tilly, specifically through three main concepts, namely, repertoire, campaign, and WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, commitment) storefront. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach that focuses on the direct experience of individuals involved in the action. The results showed that the participants of the Indonesia Gelap action in Jember had fulfilled the three concepts proposed by Tilly. Thus, the Dark Indonesia action can be understood as a form of organized social movement that has structures, symbols, and a strong collective spirit in fighting for the aspirations of justice in the community.

This study examines the construction of adolescent identity in Falistiyana's novel Argantara through a sociological literary approach. Adolescent identity is the result of a process of searching for identity that takes place during the transition to adulthood and is greatly influenced by social factors, such as family, school, peers, and community norms. The Argantara novel depicts the complexity of adolescent life through its characters who experience social pressure in various forms, ranging from family expectations, social competition in the school environment, to stigma against differences in social background. This study found that social pressure is a significant factor in shaping and often limiting the expression of adolescent identity. However, the characters in the novel also show various resistance strategies, such as symbolic rebellion, selective adaptation, and the search for meaning through emotional relationships. Using Erikson's identity theory and Pierre Bourdieu's habitus concept, this study concludes that adolescent identity in Argantara is formed through the dialectic between social structure and individual agency. Literature, in this context, not only reflects the social reality of adolescents, but also becomes a medium to criticize the social pressures faced by the younger generation.

This study aims to analyze the character of Alina Suhita in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using the Marxist feminist theory approach. The main focus of this study is to reveal how the patriarchal system and social class structure influence the position and experiences of female characters in the novel. The study uses qualitative methods with text-based content analysis techniques and a hermeneutic approach to interpret the meaning contained in the narrative. The results of the analysis show that the character Suhita experiences three main forms of oppression: stereotypes, subordination, and marginalization. These three forms reflect how women in a patriarchal society are negatively constructed, positioned lower than men, and excluded from public spaces and decision-making. However, Suhita also shows resistance to dominant structures through her intelligence, education, and active role in the Islamic boarding school. In the context of Marxist feminism, Suhita is a representation of women who experience double exploitation both as women and as part of a marginalized social class but also have the potential to be agents of change. This study emphasizes that literature can be a medium for understanding power relations in society as well as a tool for criticizing ongoing gender and economic inequality.

This study examines the digital transformation of administrative services in Sabrang Village, Klaten, as part of the Smart Village initiative. The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) aims to enhance service efficiency, transparency, and accountability at the village level. The research highlights the implementation of online platforms for administrative processes, such as issuing certificates and permits, and the use of real-time notification systems to monitor application statuses. Additionally, efforts to improve digital literacy among village officials and the community are emphasized to ensure successful adoption. The study underscores the importance of structured policies, capacity building, and community engagement in realizing the benefits of digitalization. While challenges such as limited infrastructure and resistance to change persist, the digitalization of village administration is shown to significantly increase service speed, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and foster participatory governance. Ultimately, digital transformation in rural governance can support the creation of a more inclusive, efficient, and transparent local government, contributing to broader development goals.

This study analyzes the reinvention of heroism and gender identity in Disney's Mulan (1998), an animated adaptation of the Chinese mythology of Hua Mulan.  Mulan diverges from conventional storylines that exalt masculine power and martial prowess, focusing instead on themes of heroism, self-discovery, and the subversion of strict gender standards.  The film amplifies a female protagonist who defies cultural norms, critiquing traditional heroics and redefining greatness via resilience, intellect, and ethical purity.  This study utilizes qualitative textual analysis and Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey framework to examine how Mulan subverts patriarchal tropes, establishing personal sincerity and inner power as the genuine criteria of heroism.  This study examines feminist and postcolonial critiques of classical storytelling, asserting that Mulan reinterprets old myth as a modern metaphor of empowerment, demonstrating how contemporary adaptations can reclaim traditional narratives to embody progressive ideas.  The video serves as a radical act of mythopoetic resistance, presenting an alternative conception of heroism that surpasses gender and cultural limitations.

This study analyzes the implementation of an integrated information system in public services at the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Deli Serdang, particularly in the process of managing regional taxes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the integrated information system provides significant benefits in improving service efficiency, transparency, and taxpayer compliance. However, several challenges such as public digital literacy, data security, and resistance to change remain obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, solutions such as education, strengthening cybersecurity, and human resource training need to be applied to ensure the sustainability of this system. With continuous development, the integrated information system is expected to enhance the effectiveness of government administration and overall community welfare. The integrated information system implemented at Bapenda Deli Serdang also provides various conveniences, including integration with banks and financial institutions that accelerate the tax payment process and allow for real-time monitoring and evaluation of tax revenues. Additionally, the available digital public information services make it easier for the public to access information related to taxes and levies in a more transparent manner. Thus, the application of technology in this system not only increases efficiency but also contributes to improved tax compliance and the optimization of regional revenue.

This study presents a feminist analysis of the film Gone Girl (2014) through the theoretical lens of the male gaze concept proposed by Laura Mulvey. The study explores how the film deconstructs traditional patriarchal cinematic structures by repositioning the female protagonist, Amy Dunne, from an object of visual pleasure to an active subject who controls the narrative and psychological manipulation. Using qualitative content analysis methods, the study identifies key scenes and visual strategies that challenge the conventions of female representation in mainstream Hollywood cinema. The findings suggest that Gone Girl does not simply symbolically reverse gender roles, but also critically questions the mechanisms of spectatorism, representation, and power embedded in cinematic language. This study contributes to the broader discourse on gender and visual culture, by showing how contemporary cinema can be a space of resistance to normative feminine representations and patriarchal ideologies embedded in film production.

This study examines technological innovation in environmental policy in Pelalawan Regency, Riau, a region known for its abundant forest resources but facing serious environmental pressures due to forest degradation, land fires, and industrial pollution. The primary objective of this research is to identify policy innovations that can enhance environmental management and support sustainable development that harmonizes economic and ecological aspects. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality sensors and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has improved the effectiveness of environmental management. However, challenges such as limited human resource capacity, uneven technological infrastructure, and bureaucratic resistance continue to hinder innovation implementation. This study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, revitalizing the licensing system, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration as strategic steps toward improved environmental governance. With an inclusive and sustainable approach, Pelalawan Regency has the potential to become a model for sustainable development in Indonesia.

Consumption of sweetened beverages contributes to increased blood glucose levels that lead to the risk of pre-diabetes and type II diabetes mellitus. Fasting blood sugar examination is an early screening tool to detect hidden metabolic disorders and educate the public about the importance of controlling sugar consumption. The examination was conducted through capillary blood sampling and point-of-care testing (POCT) analysis of 91 adult participants. Education was delivered in the form of a leaflet emphasizing the impact of sweetened beverage consumption on glucose regulation and the risk of insulin resistance. The results were classified into three categories: normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. The majority of participants (86.8%) were in the normoglycemic category. As many as 9.9% were classified as pre-diabetes and 3.3% were in the diabetes category. The average fasting blood sugar of the participants was 89.5 ± 20.1 mg/dL. These results emphasize the need for counseling regarding limiting the consumption of sweetened beverages to maintain stable blood glucose. Fasting blood sugar examination accompanied by education about sweetened beverages contributes to early detection of the risk of glucose disorders. Interventions based on examination results have the potential to increase awareness of fluid consumption patterns and encourage healthier lifestyle changes.   Keywords: Fasting Blood Sugar, Sugary Drinks, Pre-Diabetes, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition Education

Background: Research of glucose detection is important in diabetes management and biosensor development. Taking into account the large amount of water retention, the biocompatibility of hydrogels makes them ideal candidates for glucose detection. The PBA groups, when grafted to hydrogel matrices, improve the glucose-related response of the hydrogels significantly. Objective: To create a novel PBA (phenylboronic acid) holographic glucose sensor, MAAm-co-4VPBA, for uninterrupted monitoring of blood glucose levels, which demonstrates the first successful glucose measurement in whole blood using PBA sensors. Methods: Methylacrylamide (MAAm) was copolymerized with 4-vinyl phenyl boronic acid (4-VPBA) by means of free radical polymerization employing 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDODA) as a crosslinker and the photoinitiator 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. The responsive glucose behavior of the resulting polymer was characterized in terms of swelling dynamics, ex vivo flow tests, and error grid analysis mechanisms. Results: The MAAm-co-4VPBA polymer exhibits reversible glucose binding via PBA-diol interactions that allow complexation at different pH and concentration levels. Modulation of the responsive elements of the microcapsules by hydrophobic PBA and hydrophilic MAAm units yields maximum swelling and shrinking dynamics at 37 trail degrees. The sensor successfully detected glucose in opaque biological fluids, blood plasma, without any interference from antibiotics or other therapeutics or endogenous compounds. Ex vivo tests showed real-time glucose monitoring without hysteresis. Most importantly, this work is the first to report the use of PBA-based sensors in whole blood for measuring glucose. Conclusion: The MAAm-co-4VPBA holographic sensor possesses outstanding features such as accurate records and strong resistance to chemicals and slow response to detection, confirming its effectiveness in continuous glucose monitoring. Moreover, the ability to operate in the real world enables the aid in clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy disease that occurs due to compression or pressure on the median nerve which causes narrowing of the carpal tunnel. Common symptoms of CTS are pain, numbness, and paresthesia which usually spread to the fingers, especially the thumb, index finger, and middle finger. To determine the effectiveness of non-operative therapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome using modalities of tools and exercise therapy in the form of nerve gliding exercise, free exercise with resistance, hand grip, and manual therapy techniques. Case report study is used as a research method by taking samples from 1 patient with a case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The measuring instruments used are Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the pain scale, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, Goniometer to measure Range Of Motion (ROM), and Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability. After the implementation of the 3rd therapy there were changes, namely decreased pain, increased muscle strength, increased ROM and increased functional activity.  This case study shows that there is effectiveness in providing exercise therapy, manual therapy and electrotherapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 brings significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Islamic educational institutions, as vital entities in shaping the character and knowledge of younger generations, are required to undergo digital transformation to improve governance and management quality. Management Information Systems (MIS) serve as a primary tool that can integrate administrative processes, data management, and decision-making effectively, efficiently, and accountably. This study discusses the optimization of MIS in strengthening the governance of Islamic educational institutions, focusing on the challenges and opportunities faced in this era of advanced technology. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, reviewing literature and previous studies concerning MIS and the management of Islamic educational institutions amidst digital technological dynamics. The findings indicate that optimizing MIS demands developing human resource capacities, improving technological infrastructure, and fostering an organizational culture adaptive to digital change. Although challenges such as infrastructure limitations, cultural resistance, and data security issues exist, opportunities arising from technologies like cloud computing and big data pave the way for more modern and competitive institutional management. Strengthening governance through MIS not only enhances efficiency but also supports accountability and transparency in line with Islamic values that emphasize honesty and responsibility. Thus, optimizing MIS is a key strategy to ensure Islamic educational institutions can adapt and thrive in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 era.

Environmental crises such as climate change, ecosystem degradation, and pollution have prompted countries to formulate environmental policies aimed at preserving environmental sustainability. However, the effectiveness of these policies is often questioned, particularly in their implementation. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of environmental policies implemented over the past decade on biodiversity, air quality, and waste management, as well as to identify implementation barriers and provide recommendations for policy improvement. The study employs a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources, policy reports, and related documents. The evaluation results indicate that economic incentive-based policies, such as carbon taxes and renewable energy subsidies, tend to be more effective in reducing emissions and promoting clean energy adoption. Nevertheless, policy implementation frequently faces obstacles including lack of political support, limited resources, public resistance, and weak inter-sectoral coordination. Improvement strategies are needed, including enhanced cross-sector collaboration, strengthened data and information systems, and public education to support the success of sustainable environmental policies.

Abstract. Amino acids are indispensable components of human metabolism, playing essential roles in proteinsynthesis, energy production, and cellular regulation. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-leucine, isoleucine,and valine—are particularly significant due to their involvement in muscle repair, metabolic signaling, andinsulin sensitivity. While BCAAs are vital under normal physiological conditions, multiple studies have shownthat elevated plasma BCAA levels are linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. This associationhas led researchers to investigate whether these elevations are a cause or consequence of metabolicdysfunction. Recent findings have revealed that impaired BCAA catabolism in tissues such as adipose and livercontributes to their accumulation in circulation. If skeletal muscle becomes insulin resistant, it may shift BCAAmetabolism further, exacerbating the imbalance. Moreover, the modulation of specific enzymes and transportershas been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to mimic the beneficial effects of dietary protein restriction.Although several mechanisms have been proposed, including mTOR activation, fatty acid oxidationinterference, and altered neurotransmitter synthesis, no single pathway fully explains BCAA-induced metabolicdisturbances. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of amino acid metabolism is crucial, particularly ifdietary and pharmacological interventions are to be optimized for preventing or treating age-related andmetabolic diseases.

Soil moisture is a crucial factor in agriculture that affects plant growth and crop productivity. In modern agricultural systems, accurate soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing water usage and enhancing the efficiency of automatic irrigation systems. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitoring system and evaluate the performance of three types of soil moisture sensors: Soil Moisture FC-28, Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor, and Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor. The evaluation compares the accuracy and effectiveness of each sensor in measuring soil moisture. The research methodology involves measuring soil moisture in ten different soil samples using the three sensors simultaneously. The system is based on the ESP32 microcontroller, where data from the sensors are processed and displayed on an LCD Liquid Crystal I2C 20x4. Data analysis is conducted using the one-way ANOVA statistical method to determine whether there are significant differences among the measurement results of the three sensors.The results indicate that each sensor exhibits different measurement characteristics based on its working principle. The Soil Moisture FC-28 sensor, which operates on resistance, shows high sensitivity to changes in soil moisture but is susceptible to corrosion. The Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor is more durable as it does not have direct contact with the soil, yet it requires more precise calibration. Meanwhile, the Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor provides more stable results under various environmental conditions. The one-way ANOVA analysis reveals no significant differences in the measurement results among the three sensors.