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Rohingya refugees are an ethnic minority group from Myanmar seeking protection from persecution and violence. Their presence in the border region of Riau Province, Indonesia, poses humanitarian, security, and diplomatic challenges that require humane and internationally standard responses. This study aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian government, particularly the Riau Provincial Government, in handling Rohingya refugees from 2022 to 2024. The methodology used is a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Primary data collection was conducted through interviews and observations, while secondary data came from official documents and journals related to the Rohingya refugee issue. Data analysis uses condensation, presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques. This study finds that the role of the Indonesian government includes multilateral coordination, the implementation of humanitarian policies, human rights protection, health services, and refugee security, in accordance with international instruments and principles. In addition to multilateral cooperation, the role of non-state actors is also important in maintaining human security and meeting the needs of Rohingya refugees. This study contributes to understanding the roles of the government and related actors, while also serving as an important reference for finding humane and constructive solutions to the Rohingya refugee issue on the Riau border.

Corporations as legal entities have become an integral part of the national economic system. However, behind its contribution to economic growth, not a few corporations are involved in economic crimes such as corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, to monopoly and cartel practices. These corporate crimes have a broad and systemic impact, not only harming the state from a financial perspective, but also damaging a healthy economic order and creating social injustice. In the context of Indonesian criminal law, the implementation of accountability for corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts still faces various challenges, both in terms of regulations, technical law enforcement, and understanding of law enforcement officials. This research aims to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of criminal liability against corporations in cases of national economic crimes as well as identify relevant obstacles and solutions. The method used is a normative juridical approach by examining various laws and regulations, jurisprudence case studies, and related scientific literature. The results show that although the recognition of corporations as subjects of criminal law has been contained in several sectoral laws, its implementation is still partial and has not touched the root of the problem, especially in proving structural corporate guilt. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory reform, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement institutions, and integrating a multidisciplinary approach in dealing with corporate crime. By strengthening criminal accountability towards corporations, it is hoped that the Indonesian criminal law system will be able to provide a deterrent effect while maintaining national economic integrity.

The reproductive organs are a highly sensitive area that requires careful hygiene and care, especially among adolescent girls who are susceptible to reproductive health issues such as vaginal discharge. One key preventative measure is consistent personal hygiene practices, particularly in maintaining vaginal hygiene. This practice is crucial to ensuring the area remains healthy, balanced, and free from infectious agents that can cause abnormal vaginal discharge or other health issues if left untreated or neglected. The primary objective of this community service initiative was to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of maintaining reproductive organ hygiene and health among adolescent girls. This activity was implemented and executed in two main phases. The first phase included an educational session delivered by fourth-semester nursing students, focusing on the importance of personal hygiene and reproductive health for adolescent girls. The second phase included an open discussion forum where participants were encouraged to ask questions, share experiences, and clarify their understanding of the material presented. The results showed a positive response from the participants. Most of them demonstrated increased awareness and understanding of reproductive hygiene and expressed their intention to consistently integrate proper care practices into their daily routines. This suggests that educational interventions, particularly those involving interactive communication, are effective in increasing knowledge and fostering health-conscious behaviors among adolescents. In conclusion, this program successfully contributed to improving participants' knowledge and attitudes in maintaining reproductive health, which is important for their overall well-being and long-term disease prevention efforts.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for infant growth, immunity, and overall health. However, many breastfeeding mothers experience difficulties in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding due to improper breastfeeding techniques, low maternal knowledge, and lack of guidance from health workers. Proper application of breastfeeding techniques, including correct latch-on, positioning, and frequency, can improve breastfeeding consistency and prevent early weaning (Sari, 2020; Putri, 2021). Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of breastfeeding techniques on the consistency of exclusive breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers at the Dambalo Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative, pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Thirty breastfeeding mothers were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, including mothers of infants aged 0–6 months who were willing to participate and had no medical conditions preventing breastfeeding. Results: All 30 participants (100%) applied the recommended breastfeeding techniques after the intervention. Following the intervention, 27 mothers (90%) consistently practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while three mothers (10%) showed partial improvement. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant difference in exclusive breastfeeding consistency before and after the intervention (p = 0.000), indicating that the application of proper breastfeeding techniques significantly improved breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: The application of breastfeeding techniques has a significant positive effect on the consistency of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers at the Dambalo Community Health Center. Structured guidance and practical support from health workers, particularly midwives, are essential to improve maternal skills, reinforce proper practices, and ensure the health and growth of infants.

Chronic diseases in Indonesia remain a serious challenge in improving the quality of life of the community, particularly in terms of prevention and early detection of chronic diseases. This community service activity aims to educate family members of students on preventing and detecting chronic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and stroke, by adopting a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a balanced diet, reducing excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and fat, and engaging in regular light physical activity daily. Additionally, participants are encouraged to regularly monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels, manage stress, and ensure adequate rest. The activity was conducted over two weeks through three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The community service activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results of this activity found that there was a 62% increase in knowledge about the prevention and detection of Diabetes Mellitus, a 57% increase in knowledge about the prevention and detection of stroke, and a 54% increase in knowledge about the role of nutrition, healthy lifestyle, and physical activity. Additionally, there was a 54% change in behaviour for the prevention and early detection of Diabetes Mellitus, a 35% change for the prevention and early detection of stroke, 32% for the role of nutrition, activities, and healthy lifestyles among student families affected by Diabetes Mellitus and stroke. This was measured by assessing blood sugar levels and blood pressure before and after the activity, which showed a decrease of 16% in blood pressure and 11% in blood sugar levels. It is hoped that after this activity, participants can apply the knowledge gained in their daily lives and serve as role models for children in fostering a culture of healthy living. Translated with DeepL.com (free version).

DM (Diabetes Militus) has become a health problem in the world because the prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase. Data from the Batanghari Regency Health Office shows that the number of DM patients has increased quite significantly. At the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital, Batang Hari Regency, the number of DM cases reached 351 and the problems encountered were regarding the quality of life, age, gender and duration of the patient's illness and family support. This study aims to determine the characteristics, family support and quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients at the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital, Batang Hari Regency. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive analytical design or approach. This research was conducted from June 26 to July 11, 2023 in the Inpatient Room and Polyclinic of the Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Regional Hospital, Batang Hari. The population in this study were DM patients in January-February 2023 totaling 121 people. The number of samples was 55 respondents. The sampling technique used the accidental sampling technique. Based on the results of the study, it is known that most respondents have a high quality of life (61.8%). It is expected that RSUD Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe Batang Hari can provide education to DM patients with the aim of maintaining good quality of life for DM patients.

Coastal environmental pollution, especially due to plastic waste, has become a serious threat to marine ecosystems and public health. Nambo Beach in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, is one of the areas affected by the lack of waste management and low public awareness. This community service activity aims to increase community awareness and participation in maintaining beach cleanliness through clean-up actions and environmental education. The methods used include collecting rubbish by students and providing education to visitors through poster media. The results of the activity show that there is community enthusiasm for this activity as well as increased understanding of the importance of protecting the environment. Visual education has proven effective in conveying environmental messages, while beach clean-up actions encourage direct behavior change. This activity proves that collaboration between academics and the community can create a positive impact and needs to be implemented sustainably as part of a participatory-based waste management strategy in coastal areas.

This community service activity aims to increase awareness of the younger generation in Sanrobone Village, Takalar in maintaining environmental cleanliness and health through an educational and participatory approach. Activities include counseling on 3R waste management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), composting training, the formation of a village waste bank, and real actions in the form of planting trees and cleaning water channels. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the understanding and skills of young people in managing waste and protecting the environment. In addition, the formation of the Sanrobone Village Waste Bank is the first step in efforts to reduce plastic waste and increase the economic value of inorganic waste. This activity has succeeded in fostering the commitment of the younger generation as pioneers of a sustainable clean and healthy environment movement in the village.

Contraception is used to control population growth and ensure the availability of natural resources, thereby maintaining the quality of human life. Contraceptive methods can be categorized into two types: long-term contraceptive methods (LTCMs), such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, female sterilization (tubal ligation or MOW), and male sterilization (vasectomy or MOP); and short-term contraceptive methods (non-LTCMs), such as condoms, injections, and oral contraceptive pills. The aim of this study is to examine and explain the relationship between spousal support and the role of healthcare workers in the selection of long-term contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in the working area of the Kefa Utara Village Maternity Post, North Central Timor Regency. This research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used accidental sampling with a total of 106 WUS respondents. Data analysis using Chi Square test analysis. The results showed that women of reproductive age who did not get husband's support were higher (57.50%) than those who got husband's support (42.50%). Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between husband's support and the selection of LTCMS (p < 0.05) with an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 2.690. In addition, health workers who played a role in the selection of LTCMS were greater (67.90%) than health workers who did not play a role (32.10%). The Chi Square test results also showed a significant relationship between the role of health workers and the selection of LTCMS (p < 0.05) with an 0R value of 3.733.

This report is entitled "Clean Environment Movement with Young People in Real Action in Pagar Gunung Village," which aims to increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness. Through initial observations, problems related to indiscriminate waste disposal were found. The methods used include problem identification, socialization, and implementation of the provision of temporary waste disposal sites (TPS) and mutual cooperation activities. The results of the activities show an increase in public awareness and active participation of young people in maintaining environmental cleanliness, which has an impact on cleaner and healthier environmental conditions. The conclusion of this activity is the importance of community collaboration in environmental conservation efforts, as well as the need for ongoing support to maintain village cleanliness.

This study aims to compare the level of carbon monoxide (CO) air quality in Green Open Space (GOS) and Non-Green Open Space (NGOS) along the Abepura–Sentani main road in Jayapura City. The research was conducted in two locations: the Taman Makam Pahlawan Denzipur Waena (GOS) and the front area of Mega Waena (NGOS). CO levels were measured using a CO smart sensor over a period of one week, with measurements taken in the morning, noon, and afternoon at six sampling points. The findings indicate that CO concentrations are significantly lower in GOS areas compared to NGOS areas. The presence of vegetation in GOS helps reduce CO pollution by acting as a natural filter. These results highlight the importance of maintaining and developing green open spaces in urban areas as part of efforts to reduce air pollution and improve public health.

Household waste management is an important part of maintaining environmental quality. This article is a literature review that aims to identify and analyze the relationship between household waste management and its impact on environmental quality. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the extent to which household waste management behaviors and systems can affect environmental conditions and public health. The method used is a systematic literature review of various scientific journals, research reports, and policy documents published in the last ten years. Data sources were taken from academic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, with a focus on studies discussing aspects of waste management, sanitation, and health impacts in residential environments. The results of the study show that poor urban waste management, such as littering and open burning, is associated with an increase in environmental diseases. Conversely, good management systems, such as regular sorting and transportation, have a positive impact on the cleanliness and health of the residential environment. Conclusion Good household waste management plays an important role in maintaining a healthy living environment. Organized and participatory practices can reduce the risk of disease and create a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment for communities. 

Adequate skin hydration is essential for maintaining skin elasticity, softness, and overall barrier function. Insufficient hydration can lead to various skin health issues, one of the most common being dry skin. This condition is more prone to irritation, itching, and cracking, which can increase the risk of infection. The Community Service Program (PKM) conducted in Tanjung Duren Selatan aimed to raise public awareness about the importance of maintaining skin moisture through educational activities and hydration level screening using a skin analyzer. This program was carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including skin hydration assessments and education on risk factors, the impact of skin dehydration, and appropriate skincare strategies. Of the 104 participants, 68 individuals (65.38%) were found to have low skin oil levels, and 82 individuals (78.85%) had low skin water content, indicating dry skin conditions. These results highlight the importance of skin hydration screening as an early detection tool for skin health risks and as a foundational step to promote preventive skincare awareness in support of overall health and quality of life.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of PT PP (Persero) Tbk over the period from 2020 to 2023. The assessment was conducted by analyzing several key financial ratios, including profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activity ratios. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements. The analysis revealed a decline in the company’s profitability, as indicated by a downward trend in the Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) ratios. The company's liquidity remained relatively stable but was still below the ideal standard, particularly in the quick ratio, indicating a need for improvement in the management of liquid assets. The solvency analysis revealed a high dependency on debt, which could increase financial risk if not properly managed. Meanwhile, the activity ratios showed a decrease in operational efficiency in utilizing assets to generate revenue. These findings support the hypothesis that PT PP (Persero) Tbk is facing challenges in maintaining financial health, particularly in balancing growth with sustainable performance. This study has limitations, including a data scope restricted to financial ratios and the absence of consideration for external factors such as macroeconomic conditions and industry comparisons. Future research is recommended to adopt a more comprehensive and integrative approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, in order to gain deeper insights into financial decision-making processes and the company’s strategic direction.  

Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) or hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood which results in impaired oxygen transport to body tissues. Mild anemia is more common and is asymptomatic and does not require treatment. Anemia can have a negative impact on endurance, productivity, and is high risk during pregnancy because it can affect fetal growth and development, increase the risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications, and even maternal and child death. The Community Service (PKM) activity carried out at the Asisi Church, Tebet District aims to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of anemia through hemoglobin and hematocrit screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach which includes capillary blood tests with Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tools and education about symptoms, risk factors, and prevention of anemia. Of the 68 participants involved, 40 people (58.82%) were identified as having anemia, while 28 people (41.18%) had normal hemoglobin levels. These results emphasize the importance of early anemia screening to prevent long-term complications and build public awareness of the importance of maintaining optimal hemoglobin levels to support ongoing health and quality of life.   Keywords: Anemia, Early Detection, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Screening

This community service aims to increase public awareness and participation in maintaining environmental cleanliness through the routine Clean Saturday program in Tanjung Sari Village. This activity involves 6th semester students of the Christian Education Management Study Program of IAKN Tarutung who actively participate in cleaning the environment in various locations every week, as well as being involved in waste management at the New Normal Main Waste Bank. The methods used are direct participation and participatory observation, with a focus on cleanliness actions and community education. The results of the service show an increase in public awareness, the formation of environmental working groups, and changes in behavior that support the sustainability of the program. This service provides a real contribution to building a culture of clean and healthy living in the community and strengthening the role of students in community empowerment. Keywords: community service, Clean Saturday, community participation, waste bank, community empowerment.

Mental health issues among adolescents are often not handled properly due to low psychological literacy and strong social stigma. This community service activity aims to provide psychoeducation on the importance of mental health to SMK Taman Harapan students. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, and simple simulations to increase students' awareness and understanding of mental health issues that are common in adolescence. The theme "Talking About Mental Health Doesn't Have to Wait Until You're Crazy First" was chosen to emphasize that discussions about mental health should be part of everyday life, not taboo. The results of the activity showed high student enthusiasm and increased understanding of the importance of maintaining mental health and seeking help when needed. This activity is expected to be the first step in creating a school environment that is more open and supportive of mental health issues.

This study aims to describe the success strategy of the Dodol Deli business, an MSME that has existed since 1988 in Pasar Bengkel, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This business is an example of traditional business resilience in the face of various economic challenges, ranging from the 1998 monetary crisis, road infrastructure development, to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, through direct interviews with business owners. The results show that the success of Dodol Deli is influenced by strong entrepreneurial character, product innovation, efficient production management, and adaptive marketing strategies, including the utilization of social media. In addition, the decision not to use preservatives and not to rely on modern retail systems is an added value in maintaining product authenticity and customer loyalty. Dodol Deli also demonstrates healthy self-financing practices and receives support through non-cash assistance from the government. These findings reinforce the importance of a combination of local values, business independence, and technological adaptation as keys to MSME sustainability.

Central obesity in women of reproductive age can have a negative impact on their health and is associated with the occurrence of metabolic diseases. This study aims to determine the factors associated with central obesity in women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia in 2023 using 2023 SKI data with a cross-sectional study design. The study sample was 213,309 women of reproductive age obtained using the linear systematic sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out up to multivariate analysis using the Cox Regression test. The results showed that the prevalence of central obesity in women of reproductive age was 49.11%. Age [PR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.93 - 2.00)], occupation [PR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19 - 1.22)], and place of residence [PR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07 - 1.10)] were found to be associated with an increased risk of central obesity. Meanwhile, education level [PR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 – 0.98)], physical activity [PR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 – 0.94)], and emotional mental disorders [PR = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70 – 0.80)] were found to be protective factors against central obesity. The most dominant factor with the occurrence of central obesity is age. Therefore, it is important for WUS to be aware of the risk of central obesity and implement appropriate preventive measures. Preventive efforts can be done by maintaining hormonal balance and body metabolism through a healthy lifestyle, as well as undergoing regular health checks.