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Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life is an important strategy to support optimal growth and development. Breast milk has many benefits for babies, such as strengthening the immune system and supporting brain development. However, various obstacles such as emotional stress, lack of self-confidence, and minimal support from family and the community remain significant barriers to successful breastfeeding. These issues often lead to failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding in accordance with health recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding training in improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in the Bojongkerta area of Bogor City. Hypnobreastfeeding is a psychological approach that combines relaxation techniques, positive affirmations, and education about breastfeeding to help mothers feel more confident in the breastfeeding process. This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre- and post-test design without a control group. A total of 31 breastfeeding mothers participated in this training, which included education about breastfeeding, positive affirmation techniques, and relaxation exercises. Data analysis results showed a significant increase in mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding after the training intervention. Furthermore, the study also recorded an increase in the success of exclusive breastfeeding during the observation period. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that hypnobreastfeeding is an effective approach to supporting the empowerment of breastfeeding mothers at the community level. This method offers a psychologically based solution to overcome social barriers that affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains a challenge in several areas, including Bojongkerta Village, within the Cipaku Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction, South Bogor District, Bogor City. Lack of knowledge, high levels of stress during breastfeeding, and minimal family support are often major obstacles to successful exclusive breastfeeding. One approach that can be applied to address these issues is hypnobreastfeeding, a relaxation technique combined with positive affirmations to support mothers' readiness to breastfeed. The objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding through community-based hypnobreastfeeding training, which also involves Posyandu RW 1 cadres as the main supporting partners of the activity. The method used in this activity involves three stages: first, education and training in hypnobreastfeeding techniques for breastfeeding mothers; second, practical mentoring by lecturers involving students from the Midwifery Diploma Three Program at Ummi University Bogor; and third, evaluation of results through knowledge measurement and observation of breastfeeding practices. A total of 10 breastfeeding mothers and 4 Posyandu cadres participated in this activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and a positive change in attitudes towards breastfeeding practices. Furthermore, the active involvement of Posyandu cadres is expected to strengthen ongoing support at the community level. In conclusion, the hypnobreastfeeding training had a positive impact on empowering breastfeeding mothers and strengthening the role of Posyandu cadres as supporters of the exclusive breastfeeding program at the community level. This program also has the potential to expand the reach of education about exclusive breastfeeding and increase the success of sustainable exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Character education in Indonesia is faced with various problems based on education only as a knowledge transfer activity, to overcome this, the Ministry of Education and Culture issued an independent curriculum to solve the problem. The purpose of this study is how the method applied by MI Sunan Kalijogo in habituating character education based on the Pancasila student profile. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data from this study were obtained from interviews, observation, documentation, and literature research which are then called primary and secondary data. Character education based on Pancasila learner profile applied by MI Sunan Kalijogo is congregational prayer activities, religious studies, and MTQ. The implication of this research is a form of strengthening P5 and reconstructing character education patterns for schools at the elementary school level that use an independent curriculum.

Nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy are common physiological symptoms that may interfere with maternal comfort and nutritional intake. One widely accepted non-pharmacological therapy to reduce these symptoms is ginger decoction, due to its antinausea properties derived from active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol. This study aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women's level of knowledge and their attitudes toward the use of ginger decoction to alleviate nausea and vomiting in the first trimester. This research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic design. The population included all first-trimester pregnant women visiting Pratama Madina Clinic during January–February 2024, totaling 47 respondents selected using total sampling. Data collection used a structured questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate techniques, with the Chi-square test applied. The results showed that 75% of respondents had good knowledge and demonstrated a positive attitude toward using ginger decoction. The Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p = 0.000). The study concludes that knowledge level influences pregnant women's attitudes toward herbal therapy, and ginger decoction is well-accepted as a non-pharmacological option to reduce pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting. Further health education is recommended to enhance awareness of safe and effective natural therapies for pregnant women.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important contribution in supporting the national economy, especially in terms of job creation and strengthening the local economy. However, most MSMEs still face challenges in compiling financial statements that are in accordance with applicable accounting standards. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK-EMKM) has been implemented by MSME actors, as well as identify the obstacles faced in the process. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques through interviews, direct observation, and document review. The findings of the study show that the level of understanding of MSME actors towards SAK-EMKM is still low, and the implementation of these standards is not evenly distributed. The main causative factors include limited accounting knowledge, lack of professional assistance, and lack of access to technical training. In addition, most MSMEs still rely on manual recording without referring to correct accounting principles, making it difficult in the audit process or applying for loans to financial institutions. Another obstacle is the lack of digital literacy in financial management, as well as the assumption that the preparation of financial statements is not a top priority. In fact, well-structured financial statements can be an important tool in business decision-making and open access to funding. This study recommends the importance of collaboration between the government, academics, and financial institutions to provide training, mentoring, and a simple reporting system that is in accordance with the characteristics of MSMEs. This effort is expected to increase the awareness and ability of MSMEs to manage finances in an accountable and transparent manner, as well as support business growth and sustainability in the long term.

Children are one of the most vulnerable groups during disasters due to their limited physical and psychological resilience. Therefore, providing disaster mitigation education to children is essential to enhance their awareness, preparedness, and response capabilities in the face of potential disasters. This community service activity aims to increase children's understanding of disaster mitigation through both theoretical education and participatory simulations that reflect real-life scenarios. The activities were carried out using a cooperative-participatory approach in collaboration with the local Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in Tanah Karo and members of the surrounding community. The stages of implementation included conducting a site survey, securing necessary permits, determining the time and location, coordinating with local stakeholders, and executing the service program. The educational activities covered disaster phases, including pre-disaster, during disaster, and post-disaster, with a focus on practical and age-appropriate learning strategies. The educational team involved an interprofessional group of facilitators who delivered the material through socialization and counseling sessions. The sessions were enthusiastically received by the children, indicating a high level of engagement and interest. However, findings revealed that children's knowledge of disaster mitigation was still minimal, emergency response plans were underdeveloped, and community involvement in disaster preparedness training remained low. This highlights the need for continuous and sustainable disaster education efforts, especially for children and communities in disaster-prone areas. By fostering early awareness and preparedness through ongoing education and simulation-based activities, it is expected that children will be better equipped to respond effectively and safely during disaster situations. Long-term, this approach also aims to build a more resilient and disaster-aware community.

Hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, where the systolic pressure exceeds 140 mmHg and the diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mmHg. If not properly treated, hypertension can lead to severe complications, increased morbidity, and even mortality. This condition occurs when the heart works harder than usual to pump blood (systolic) and the blood flow returning to the heart (diastolic) also experiences increased pressure. One of the efforts to prevent the progression of hypertension from a primary to a secondary stage is through non-pharmacological treatments. One such treatment includes the use of natural remedies like celery leaves. Celery leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids and potassium that are believed to help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and increasing the excretion of sodium through urine.This community service activity was carried out in Purwodadi Village and aimed to increase public awareness, especially among families, regarding hypertension and its non-pharmacological management using natural ingredients that are easy to find and affordable. The method used involved health education through counseling and direct demonstrations of how to prepare and consume celery leaf boiled water. Participants were actively involved in learning how to select, clean, boil, and properly consume the celery leaf water as a herbal drink.The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in community knowledge and understanding related to hypertension and the benefits of using celery leaves as a traditional remedy. It is hoped that after this activity, the local community will be able to independently apply this knowledge and routinely use boiled celery water as a preventive measure to maintain normal blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. This effort is part of promotive and preventive health services to improve the quality of life and promote a healthy lifestyle at the village level.

Measuring Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) levels and inventory in storage tanks is a critical aspect of terminal operations, directly influencing safety, operational efficiency, and accurate stock management. The Integrated Terminal Palembang – Pulau Layang LPG Site has implemented a servo-type Automatic Tank Gauging (ATG) system, namely the Proservo NMS81, to provide precise and real-time volume measurements. Despite its operational importance, there remains a limited in-depth understanding of how this ATG system functions, particularly regarding the complete process from sensing LPG levels to converting them into accurate inventory data. This study aims to analyze the working mechanism of the Proservo NMS81 in measuring LPG height and generating digital stock data for monitoring purposes. The research method combines a literature review of the Proservo NMS81 technical datasheet and related scientific references with direct field observation (KSM-LP) at the LPG Pulau Layang site. The analysis covers the operating principle of the servo sensor, which relies on displacement measurement via a mechanical float and wire system; the analog-to-digital conversion process utilizing a 12-bit ADC to transform continuous signals into discrete digital values; the communication protocols employed, including HART and Modbus RS-485, for transmitting processed data to the control system; and the algorithmic data processing that converts tank level measurements into standardized inventory figures based on tank calibration tables and product density. The results of this study are expected to improve technical knowledge regarding servo-type ATG systems, enhance the accuracy and reliability of inventory monitoring, and contribute to more informed operational decision-making. Furthermore, the research findings are intended to serve as a valuable academic reference for the application of advanced instrumentation technology in the energy industry, supporting both professional practice and further scholarly exploration in the field.

Cardiac arrest is a critical medical emergency with a high mortality rate that requires immediate and appropriate action to increase the chances of survival. One key factor in improving survival outcomes is the involvement of bystanders, particularly young people, in providing Basic Life Support (BLS). This community service activity was carried out to improve the knowledge and practical skills of youth organization members (Karang Taruna) in Kota Bambu Subdistrict, West Jakarta, in recognizing and responding to cardiac arrest using BLS procedures. The activity adopted the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach. The planning stage involved the preparation of materials and training tools for both theoretical and practical learning. The implementation phase included a 45-minute health education session covering the basics of BLS, especially cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), followed by hands-on training. Participants were divided into small groups and guided through practical CPR simulations using manikins, facilitated by six trained nursing students. The activity was conducted on June 14, 2025, and attended by 57 participants, with 27 actively participating in the CPR practice session. The evaluation stage revealed a notable increase in the participants’ understanding and ability to perform CPR effectively. This indicates that community-based BLS training can be a powerful tool in improving emergency response at the grassroots level. In addition to raising awareness, the activity also empowered the youth as first responders in their community, strengthening their role in emergency preparedness and response. The follow-up stage emphasized the importance of sustainability through continued collaboration between local health professionals and community organizations. In conclusion, BLS education and training programs for youth can significantly enhance community resilience and are recommended for broader implementation in other regions.

Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is a key strategy for improving infant health and reducing morbidity and mortality. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding remains suboptimal in many areas, often due to limited maternal knowledge, inadequate support, and insufficient lactation counseling. Intensive lactation counseling is expected to enhance mothers’ understanding, confidence, and commitment to exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to analyze the effect of intensive lactation counseling on exclusive breastfeeding practices up to three months postpartum at the Paguat Community Health Center (UPTD). This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 breastfeeding mothers were selected as participants using purposive sampling techniques. Data on exclusive breastfeeding practices were collected before and after the implementation of intensive lactation counseling using structured questionnaires and observation sheets. The counseling intervention was conducted intensively through individualized sessions focusing on breastfeeding techniques, benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, and problem-solving strategies. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The results showed a significant effect of intensive lactation counseling on exclusive breastfeeding practices up to three months postpartum. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant improvement in exclusive breastfeeding behavior after the intervention. In conclusion, intensive lactation counseling has a significant positive effect on exclusive breastfeeding up to three months. Strengthening lactation counseling services at community health centers recommended to improve exclusive breastfeeding coverage and support maternal and infant health outcomes.

The toddler period is a golden stage of child development influenced by several factors, including maternal knowledge in parenting. Working mothers face challenges in balancing professional responsibilities with caregiving roles. This study aimed to examine the relationship between working mothers’ knowledge and the growth and development of toddlers at Kasih Ibu Sejati Clinic, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency. This research used a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 42 working mothers with toddlers. The results showed that most working mothers had good knowledge (38.1%) and most toddlers were in the good developmental category (64.3%). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and toddler development. Good knowledge enables mothers to provide better-quality care despite time limitations. These findings imply the importance of enhancing education for working mothers to support optimal child development.

Early pregnancy among adolescents remains a significant public health problem and contributes to long-term medical, psychological, and social risks. Low knowledge and preventive attitudes towards reproductive health are among the factors contributing to the high rate of early pregnancy. This study aims to analyze the effect of peer education on adolescent attitudes towards early pregnancy prevention in the Ibu Community Health Center (Puskesmas Ibu) working area of West Halmahera Regency. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest–posttest with a control group involving 40 respondents, consisting of 20 respondents in the intervention group and 20 respondents in the control group. The research instrument was an attitude questionnaire with a Likert scale that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann–Whitney U Test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant increase in attitudes in the intervention group after receiving peer education, while the control group showed no significant change. Comparison of score changes between the two groups also showed a significant difference. These findings indicate that peer education is effective in improving adolescent attitudes towards early pregnancy prevention. This program is recommended as a community-based intervention strategy in primary health care and schools to support adolescent pregnancy prevention efforts.

This research is motivated by the fluctuation in the level of motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in Nganjuk Regency, which raises the need to evaluate the factors that influence it. Tax knowledge, quality of tax services, and service modernization through the e-Samsat system are considered important variables in improving compliance. In addition, taxpayer awareness is expected to strengthen the influence of these variables. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of tax knowledge, service quality, and e-Samsat system modernization on taxpayer compliance, by placing taxpayer awareness as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative research type. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis method used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of SPSS software version 27. The results of the study indicate that tax knowledge has a significant influence on taxpayer compliance. In contrast, the quality of tax services and e-Samsat modernization do not have a significant influence on compliance. Furthermore, taxpayer awareness was shown to significantly moderate the relationship between tax knowledge and compliance, but did not act as a moderator in the relationship between service quality or e-Samsat system modernization and taxpayer compliance. This finding indicates that increasing taxpayer awareness can strengthen the effectiveness of tax education. However, administrative and digital approaches cannot optimally increase compliance without being accompanied by stronger awareness among taxpayers themselves.

In the evolving dynamics of Indonesia's economy, unsecured loans or Kredit Tanpa Agunan (KTA) have rapidly grown as a popular financial solution. The ease of application and fund disbursement makes these products especially attractive to micro-entrepreneurs and lower-middle-income communities. However, behind the convenience lies a serious issue: a high rate of default or breach of contract (wanprestasi). This problem is exacerbated by the low level of legal literacy among the public, leading to a lack of understanding of their rights and obligations in financing agreements. Most individuals are also unaware that there is a faster, simpler, and low-cost legal mechanism available for resolving civil disputes—namely, the Small Claims Court procedure, as regulated by the Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 4 of 2019. This mechanism can be utilized by the general public, especially clients of microfinance institutions and credit cooperatives, to resolve civil conflicts involving claims of up to IDR 500 million without going through complex litigation. To address this issue, this community engagement activity aimed to improve public legal understanding of the Small Claims Procedure through participatory-based training. The training involved 50 participants from microfinance institutions and savings and loan cooperatives. The methods used included legal counseling, mock court simulations, group discussions, and case studies to provide participants with practical knowledge of the procedures and benefits of filing small claims. The results of the activity indicated that 78% of participants reported a better understanding of the Small Claims mechanism after the training, and 65% stated they were more inclined to use it compared to conventional litigation routes. This training had a positive impact on raising legal awareness, potentially reducing default rates, and contributing to the development of a more inclusive, fair, and sustainable financial system.

The integration of digital technology in education serves as a strategic solution to enhance learning access, particularly for students in regions with limited educational infrastructure, such as Sorong City, Southwest Papua. This community service program was designed to introduce and provide training to junior high school students in the use of the Thunkable application as a tool for mobile-based learning media. Thunkable is a visual drag-and-drop platform that enables users to design functional mobile applications without the need for prior programming knowledge. The method employed in this activity is based on the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model, which consists of four stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In the Define stage, the needs and digital readiness of the target group were assessed. The Design and Develop stages involved creating a training module and conducting hands-on workshops where students were guided step-by-step to create simple educational apps. In the final Disseminate stage, the outcomes were evaluated and shared for broader use. The results of this initiative revealed high levels of enthusiasm among the participants. Students were actively engaged and demonstrated the ability to independently design simple learning applications by the end of the training. This indicates that the use of Thunkable not only increases students' digital literacy but also enhances their self-directed learning, creativity, and technological confidence. Overall, this activity illustrates the potential of mobile learning tools to support inclusive and adaptive education in remote communities. By equipping students with practical digital skills, it lays the foundation for long-term educational innovation and empowerment. Therefore, the use of Thunkable can be considered an effective and accessible alternative to foster meaningful learning experiences across diverse educational contexts.

The increase in mortality rates, caused by traffic accidents, usually occurs partly because Indonesians do not know how to provide proper first aid when victims are found (Ferianto, 2023). Injuries to the musculoskeletal system must be treated quickly and appropriately, because if it is too late, it will cause the condition of the injury to worsen and cause bleeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on emergency assistance for upper extremity injuries with splinting techniques on adolescent knowledge. This research method uses a quantitative design using pretest and posttest questionnaires. The administration of pre-test and post-test questionnaires is according to the number of participants who participated in the education. The number of samples obtained in this study was 40 people with the target of MA adolescents with an age range of 15-17 years. This study was conducted on July 25, 2025, at MA Al-Ittihadiyah Pangkalan Masyhur Medan. The results of this study showed a significant difference between the level of knowledge before (pre-test) and after (post-test). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of emergency aid education for upper extremity injuries using splinting techniques on the knowledge of adolescents at MA Al-Ittihadiyah Pangkalan Masyhur Medan.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious illness triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with transmission influenced by not only personal behaviors but also by the physical condition of the home environment. Environmental risk factors include flooring, wall material, ceiling structure, indoor temperature, humidity levels, air ventilation, habits of opening windows, and housing density. This research aimed to explore the correlation between individual behavior and the quality of home environmental conditions with pulmonary TB incidence in the Sematang Borang Health Center’s coverage area, Palembang, in 2025. A descriptive observational design was employed, involving 91 participants from Lebung Gajah Subdistrict. The sample consisted of both confirmed pulmonary TB patients (PCR positive) and individuals without TB (PCR negative), selected through purposive sampling. Data were processed using univariate analysis to describe frequency distributions and respondent characteristics. The study found that 35.2% of respondents were diagnosed with pulmonary TB, while 64.8% were not. Most participants were between 46 and 65 years old (42.9%), predominantly female (59.3%), and had a senior high school education (40.7%). In terms of TB-related knowledge and behavior, 59.3% had good knowledge, 63.7% held a positive attitude, and 50.5% practiced proper prevention measures. Nevertheless, more than half (56.0%) of the housing conditions failed to meet health standards for a safe home environment. These findings highlight that while the community shows generally good awareness and preventive behavior regarding TB, many still reside in environments that may contribute to TB transmission. Therefore, continuous health education, proactive contact tracing, and targeted health campaigns for at-risk groups—especially among those with lower educational backgrounds—should be prioritized.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers that remains a global concern, including in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by height that is not appropriate for age due to long-term malnutrition, repeated infections, and environmental and social factors. The impact of stunting not only affects physical growth but also cognitive development, future productivity, and increases the risk of degenerative diseases in adulthood. Various factors contribute to stunting, including biological factors such as the child's gender and behavioral factors such as maternal knowledge about nutrition and health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between child gender and maternal knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers. The research design used a quantitative cross-sectional approach. A sample of 73 respondents was selected using a stratified proportional sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through structured interviews using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of toddlers. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis to describe frequency distributions, and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed no significant association between child gender and stunting (p > 0.05). This indicates that biological factors such as gender are not the primary determinant of stunting in the study area. Conversely, there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p < 0.05), indicating that mothers with low levels of knowledge are at greater risk of having stunted children. These findings emphasize the importance of improving maternal knowledge through ongoing nutrition education programs, health counseling, and promotive-preventive activities at community health centers. These interventions are expected to prevent stunting and other health problems in toddlers and support the achievement of the national stunting reduction target.

At the Sumatera Province Tanjung Morawa District exactly at Bangun Rejo Vilage, The high prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women in this region is influenced by high salt consumption exceeding recommendations, irregular eating patterns due to the background of the majority of the population as fishermen, and low compliance with pharmacological therapy due to concerns about side effects on the fetus. As a mitigation effort, non-pharmacological interventions were carried out in the form of music therapy and education about healthy eating patterns. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to increase knowledge and reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women through lecture methods and the application of music therapy. The implementation method includes health education and structured music therapy. The results of the intervention showed an 89% increase in knowledge of pregnant women regarding diet, as well as a decrease in anxiety levels with an average value (mean) of 1.17 in the third to fourth week of therapy.

The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of using Canva-based learning media on the creativity of eleventh-grade students in economics. The background of this study stems from the low level of student learning creativity caused by the minimal use of innovative and engaging media in the learning process. Creativity is an important aspect in economics learning because it encourages students to think critically, create solutions, and understand abstract concepts more contextually. Static and monotonous learning media such as blackboards and textbooks often do not sufficiently stimulate student interest and participation. Therefore, a more interactive and visual approach is needed, one of which is using Canva. Canva is an online graphic design platform that allows teachers and students to easily create presentations, infographics, and other visual materials. Using Canva in learning can provide a more enjoyable learning experience and motivate students to be actively involved. This study used a quantitative method with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. Data analysis was carried out by comparing creativity scores before and after treatment. Student creativity was measured using a test instrument that included aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The study subjects were 34 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Tulungagung. The results showed a significant difference in scores between the pretest and posttest results, indicating that the use of Canva-based learning media had a positive impact on increasing student creativity. Students became more active in expressing ideas, more daring to experiment with concepts, and better able to present learning outcomes visually and attractively. These findings support constructivism theory, which states that effective learning occurs when students actively construct knowledge through meaningful experiences.