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This study aims to describe and explain the challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) for fourth-grade students at Galeh 1 Public Elementary School, Tangen District, Sragen Regency, in the  2024/2025 academic year. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with the study conducted at Galeh 01 Elementary School in April 2025. The research subjects included the fourth-grade teacher and students, consisting of 8 male and 11 female students. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed using the interactive data analysis model by Miles & Huberman. The results of the study show that: a) content differentiation was evident through the teacher's systematic preparation of IPAS teaching modules, provision of learning materials, and the use of PowerPoint and concrete images as media; b) process differentiation was demonstrated through varied assignments in group and individual formats, tailored approaches according to academic levels, and the use of an LCD projector to support learning; c) product differentiation was observed through students being given opportunities to present and the teacher providing summative assessments as a measure of understanding; d) the learning environment element was reflected in the teacher creating a fun and conducive classroom atmosphere. 2) The challenges and obstacles in implementing differentiated learning included: a) the presence of passive students, b) limited facilities and infrastructure, c) the time-consuming process of preparing learning components, and d) student dependency on peers.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the visual-auditory approach in developing the language skills of early childhood children with hearing impairments at PAUD Panyabungan. Hearing impairment often hinders both receptive and expressive language acquisition. The visual-auditory approach was chosen because it combines visual stimulation (images, lip movements, gestures) and auditory stimulation (sounds, music, pronunciation), providing a complementary strategy to support children's language abilities. The research used classroom action research with two cycles, involving 5 children with hearing impairments as the subjects. The results showed a significant improvement in children’s language abilities, including understanding simple instructions, recognizing vocabulary, and expressing ideas through simple sentences. Children responded positively to visual media and pronunciation exercises combined with movement. This study concludes that the visual-auditory approach is effective in fostering language development in children with hearing impairments at the early childhood education level.

This study examines the role of perception in individual and organizational decision-making through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and content analysis approach. Perception is understood as an internal process that shapes understanding of objects, influencing preferences and decisions. Contextual factors such as culture, socio-economics, and technology also contribute to shaping perception. This study adopts a theoretical framework in which perception mediates the relationship between external attributes—such as price, quality, and brand image—and final decisions. By analyzing 993 scholarly articles from 2021 to 2025, this research maps perception models in consumer and organizational domains and identifies research gaps related to the integration of digital factors such as algorithms and AI. The validation process was conducted through triangulation between AI-generated prompts and human-based thematic analysis. The results highlight the need for perception models to adapt to digital dynamics and emphasize the importance of ethical integration in modern decision-making systems.  

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by the Donat Seribuan MSME located on Jl. Pancing in enhancing the competitiveness of local products amid increasingly intense market competition. As a pillar of the people's economy, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting national economic growth but often face challenges related to market access and the development of effective promotional strategies. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that Donat Seribuan applies a hybrid marketing strategy, combining traditional promotion methods (word-of-mouth, affordable pricing, strategic location) with the use of social media to reach a broader consumer base. The implementation of community-based marketing, product storytelling, and collaboration with local micro-influencers has proven effective in strengthening product image and building customer loyalty. These results highlight the importance of innovative, locally tailored marketing strategies to sustainably enhance MSME competitiveness.

Social media has become a new cultural space for teenagers to express themselves, interact socially, and form a self-image online. Trend culture on social media has become an important phenomenon in the dynamics of digital communication, especially among teenagers and the younger generation. Trend culture is a fluid cultural space where values, norms and identities are constantly negotiated through virtual interactions. Rapidly evolving trends through platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube not only reflect lifestyle changes, but also become a means of self-expression, identity formation, and the search for social validation. This research aims to analyze how adolescent identity is represented through trend culture on social media in interaction patterns, meaning construction, and user self-representation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of digital observation of active teenage users of the Instagram and TikTok platforms. The theory used is Stuart Hall's representation theory. The representation is not singular, but rather fluid and performative, depending on social dynamics, recognition needs, and symbolic interactions in digital space. The results show that cultural trends, such as viral challenges, clothing styles, the use of visual filters, and the use of certain captions, become an important medium in the construction and representation of teenage identity.

Political advertising is one of the efforts to "market" themselves and political messages from candidates for power. As a candidate, Budi Rustandi (Budi) carries out propaganda by advertising with the aim of gaining power in Serang City in collaboration with Nur Agis Aulia (Agis). The purpose of the study in this article is to explain how the political advertisements of the Budi Agis pair that were broadcast in the mass media in Banten during the 2024 Serang Mayor and Deputy Mayor election succeeded in becoming a reliable strategy in achieving the goal of winning and being elected as Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Serang for the 2024-2029 period. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method, focusing research on the mass media advertisements of the Budi Agis pair accompanied by analysis using the concept of political communication. The results show that the political advertisements distributed by Budi-Agis have succeeded in forming a positive image. With political advertisements, they raise public awareness of their existence in the world of politics. In addition, Budi Agis' political advertisement also aims to strengthen the loyalty of members and sympathizers of the Gerindra Party and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) towards them while inviting non-party communities to vote for them.

Indonesian tourism makes a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy, thus having a positive impact on the growth of the tourism industry. This research aims to analyze the influence of social media, service quality and memorable tourist experiences on return visit intentions. Quantitative method with cross-sectional survey method used in this research, as many as 110 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique based on certain criteria consisting of tourists aged 17-40 years, domiciled in Jakarta, and had visited the National Monument and National Museum in the last six months. Although previous research reveals the mediating role of memorable tourism experiences on return visit intentions, not many have examined the influence of social media and service quality together. The results show that social media has a significant influence on return visit intentions. Service quality also has a significant influence on return visit intentions. Memorable tourism experiences also have a significant influence on tourists' return visit intentions. This research can also be expanded by adding other variables that can influence tourists' revisit intentions, such as motivation, price, or destination image. In addition, further research could consider the mediating role of other variables, for example tourist satisfaction as a mediator between memorable tourism experiences and return visit intentions.

This study aims to examine how the construction of sexuality is represented and perceived through Instagram social media. As a dominant visual platform, Instagram plays an important role in shaping body image, gender, and intimate relationships that are often influenced by popular culture, media algorithms, and prevailing social norms. Using a qualitative approach and in-depth interview method with six informants, this study found that the representation of sexuality on Instagram generally reflects ideal body standards, which can cause social and psychological pressures, such as body anxiety, insecurity, and objectification. On the other hand, some users also see Instagram as a space for self-expression, empowerment, and education, especially for those who have a critical awareness of the social construction behind the content. Perceptions of ideal sexuality also vary widely, depending on the cultural background, personal experiences, and visual preferences of each user. These findings emphasize the importance of media literacy and critical reflection so that social media can become a healthier, fairer, and gender-inclusive digital space.

Advances in digital technology have brought significant changes in the way local brands build their brand image and positioning in the market. Social media is one of the main platforms used in marketing communication strategies because of its ability to reach a wide and interactive audience. This research aims to analyze the marketing communication strategy implemented by Daclen, a local fashion brand from Bandung, in shaping sales positioning through the Instagram account @Daclen.id and its official website. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with data collection through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The analysis was carried out using the Circular Method of SOME (Share, Optimize, Manage, Engage) approach which emphasizes the connection between content sharing, message optimization, communication channel management, and active engagement with consumers. The results show that Daclen has succeeded in developing a simple, yet consistent and targeted digital communication strategy. Instagram is used as the primary medium to strengthen the visual power of brands, through uploading high-quality product photos, promotional videos, and active interaction with audiences. Meanwhile, Daclen's official website functions as a credibility center that provides complete information about products, prices, and after-sales service. The combination of the two creates a well-rounded consumer experience and supports an exclusive perception of the brand. Each stage in the SOME model is executed optimally. The Share stage includes the distribution of creative content with a consistent upload schedule. Optimize is done by adjusting messages according to trends and audience responses. Manage focuses on account management and interaction monitoring, while Engage focuses on building emotional connections through quick responses and interactive content. The implications of this study show that the SOME-model-based digital communication approach can help local brands such as Daclen strengthen their positioning, build an exclusive image, and create long-term relationships with consumers amid increasingly fierce competition in the digital fashion industry.

This study aims to analyze the influence of social media and social environment on the hedonistic lifestyle among contemporary adolescents. A hedonistic lifestyle, which prioritizes the pursuit of personal pleasure and material satisfaction, has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents with the rapid development of technology, especially social media. This research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and case studies involving adolescents who are active social media users in several major cities in Indonesia. The results indicate that social media plays a significant role in shaping ideal life standards that emphasize luxury, social status, and instant gratification, which influences adolescents to pursue similar lifestyles. Additionally, the social environment, particularly family and peer groups, further strengthens adolescents' desire to gain recognition and social status through a consumerist lifestyle. The study also finds that although a hedonistic lifestyle provides momentary satisfaction, its long-term effects can be detrimental both psychologically and financially, and can worsen self-image and emotional well-being among adolescents. Therefore, it is important to provide more comprehensive education to adolescents on the wise use of social media and support the development of healthier life values within family and school environments.

This study examines the influence of leverage, profitability, and capital structure on earnings management in consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. Earnings management has become a central issue in financial reporting, as it reflects managerial discretion in presenting financial information that may not fully align with the company’s actual economic condition. Understanding the determinants of earnings management is therefore essential to enhance transparency, credibility, and stakeholder trust in corporate financial reports. The research employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis, with data processed through SPSS version 25. The sample consisted of 104 company-year observations, which were selected using purposive sampling techniques and subsequently refined through outlier testing to ensure data validity and reliability. The independent variables analyzed were leverage, profitability, and capital structure, while earnings management served as the dependent variable. The empirical findings demonstrate that leverage and profitability exert a significant influence on earnings management practices. Specifically, companies with higher leverage tend to engage in earnings management as a mechanism to meet financial obligations and reduce the risk of violating debt covenants. Similarly, higher profitability motivates managers to manipulate earnings in order to sustain investor confidence and maintain a favorable corporate image. In contrast, capital structure is found to have no significant effect on earnings management, indicating that financing decisions between debt and equity may not directly influence managerial behavior in financial reporting. These results highlight the importance of monitoring leverage and profitability indicators as potential predictors of earnings management. For corporate management, the findings suggest the need to implement stronger internal control systems and uphold ethical financial practices. For investors and regulators, the study provides useful insights into assessing company performance beyond reported earnings, thereby supporting more informed decision-making and promoting the integrity of capital markets.

This collaborative community service activity aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade IV students at MIN 2 Palangka Raya City using web-based interactive digital books developed by PGMI IAIN Palangka Raya students. This activity is carried out collaboratively, where students design learning media with the guidance of lecturers who also act as expert validators. The activity stage begins with the identification of needs through observations and interviews at partner schools, especially on the theme "Look Around You" in Indonesian language subjects. Students then developed interactive teaching materials that integrated text, images, audio, and other multimedia elements using digital platforms. Media validation was conducted by four expert lecturers with very feasible results: material experts (94%), design experts (96%), classroom teachers (71%), and field trials (91%). The t-test showed a significant increase in learning outcomes (t = 6.60) with an N-Gain score of 1.00 in the high category. This program shows that collaboration between lecturers and students in developing learning media can have a real positive impact on the quality of basic education and can be a sustainable model of academic empowerment.    

In the teaching and learning process, teachers have the task of encouraging guiding and providing learning facilities for students to achieve their goals. On of the factors that influences interest in learning is teacher creativity. This study aims to determine teacher Creativity in improving learning at SDK MBOMBA This study takes a qualitative approach. One of the Teachers creative abilities in learning is creating aids in the form of family cards. The descriptive nature of this study makes teacher creativity very involved. Data collection in this study includes observation, documentation studies and analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are four key components in the development of this qualitative study related to teacher creativity in improving the quality of SDK MBOMBA learning, such as teacher creativity in understanding learning materials that will be taught creativity in managing the classroom environment, creativity in using various learning methods and teacher creativity in use of learning media.

This research examines the impact and influence of Squid Game 2 on American public perceptions of South Korea, as well as how the series has become an instrument of soft power in bilateral relations between the two countries. This research is based on the increasing influence of South Korean popular culture in the global arena, especially in the entertainment industry that plays a diplomatic role and can shape public perception. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected using content analysis techniques obtained from various secondary data such as mass media articles, entertainment industry reports, previous research, and audience reviews on social media. The results showed that Squid Game 2 succeeded in increasing the interest and enthusiasm of the American public for South Korean culture, as well as strengthening South Korea's image and position as a global cultural force. The Squid Game 2 series became popular among the American public because of the storyline containing cultural elements, the characters played by well-known actors in South Korea, the long-awaited continuation of the story from the previous season, and the innovative marketing strategy that made fans actively promote the series voluntarily. Thus, in this phenomenon, the Squid Game 2 series became a tool of South Korean diplomacy in the United States through an approach based on the appeal of popular culture, namely the entertainment industry.

This study aims to analyze the language strategies used in promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published in local Banyuwangi online media and how the language forms the representation of the image of the tourist destination. Bedil Island is one of the new tourist destinations that is developing and starting to be known to the wider community, especially through online media coverage. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study examines two promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published by different local sites. The results of the analysis show that the language strategies used include the use of metaphors, local origin narratives, strong visual descriptions, and the insertion of quantitative data to build the credibility of the information. Phrases such as “Banyuwangi's Raja Ampat” and “hidden natural lagoon” play an important role in building the reader's imagination of the beauty and exclusivity of Bedil Island. The representation of the image of Bedil Island is also formed through a combination of emotional, ecological, and rational aspects presented in the text. This study shows that the language in promotional articles is not neutral, but is used strategically to shape the perception and image of the destination in the minds of the audience. Therefore, understanding the use of language in tourism promotion is important, especially in the context of sustainable local tourism development.

This study aims to analyze the language strategies used in promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published in local Banyuwangi online media and how the language forms the representation of the image of the tourist destination. Bedil Island is one of the new tourist destinations that is developing and starting to be known to the wider community, especially through online media coverage. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study examines two promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published by different local sites. The results of the analysis show that the language strategies used include the use of metaphors, local origin narratives, strong visual descriptions, and the insertion of quantitative data to build the credibility of the information. Phrases such as “Banyuwangi's Raja Ampat” and “hidden natural lagoon” play an important role in building the reader's imagination of the beauty and exclusivity of Bedil Island. The representation of the image of Bedil Island is also formed through a combination of emotional, ecological, and rational aspects presented in the text. This study shows that the language in promotional articles is not neutral, but is used strategically to shape the perception and image of the destination in the minds of the audience. Therefore, understanding the use of language in tourism promotion is important, especially in the context of sustainable local tourism development.

In an era marked by complex global threats and the intensification of visual media, contemporary security studies must expand their understanding of securitization beyond linguistic speech acts to include visual dimensions. This article examines how visual narratives shape global threat perceptions through aesthetics that operate performatively and emotionally. Using a qualitative approach and visual discourse analysis, this study demonstrates that images, symbols, and visual representations in media play a significant role in constructing issues such as terrorism, migration, pandemics, and climate crises as existential threats. Visuals not only convey information but also activate emotions such as fear, empathy, and urgency, which in turn influence security policies. However, the findings also highlight the need for caution against the manipulative potential of visuals that may reinforce stereotypes and distort reality. Therefore, this article emphasizes the importance of fostering visual literacy and adopting ethical approaches in global security communication.

This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to examine the impact of social media on the honesty of teenagers toward their parents in Stabat Lama Barat Village. The aim of this research is to describe the extent to which the use of social media influences teenagers’ honest behavior in communication and interaction with their parents. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media is not only a source of entertainment but also has a significant influence on character development and moral values, including honesty. The results show that some teenagers tend to hide their social media activities from their parents, either due to privacy concerns, fear of being scolded, or the desire to create a certain image online. This behavior leads to reduced openness and honesty in their daily lives. However, there are also teenagers who are able to use social media wisely while upholding honesty within the family. Factors such as moral education at home, parenting styles, and social environment play an important role in shaping honest attitudes among teenagers despite the rapid growth of digitalization.

Consumer purchasing decisions for thrifting products are influenced by factors such as price, quality, trends, and availability. Consumers tend to choose thrifting because the prices are more affordable and the products offer uniqueness that is not mass-produced. As the popularity of thrifting increases, competition is also becoming more intense. Business actors are racing to develop marketing strategies through social media and marketplaces. Product differentiation, competitive pricing, and attractive services have become key elements in attracting consumer interest. The population in this study includes all consumers who purchase thrifting products at Pasar Melati, Medan City, with an unknown or biased total population size. Therefore, the sampling technique used is the Lemeshow formula, which allows for sample size calculation when the total population is not known with certainty. The sampling method applied is accidental sampling, where respondents are randomly selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the study, totaling 96 respondents. The results of the study indicate that price has a significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions for thrifting products at Pasar Melati, Medan City. Product quality also affects consumer purchasing decisions for thrifting items at the same location. Brand image contributes to consumers’ considerations in determining purchasing decisions for thrifting products at Pasar Melati. Simultaneously, price, product quality, and brand have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions for thrifting products at Pasar Melati, Medan City.

prevalent Intrapersonal intelligence is a person's ability to understand himself. Intrapersonal intelligence can be developed through puzzle play. Puzzle is a game consisting of pieces of one 2 particular image. intrapersonal intelligence that is developed through playing puzzles, namely the ability to be responsible and the ability to obey the rules. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether children's intrapersonal intelligence can develop through puzzle-playing activities at the RA Annajamissa’adah. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of intrapersonal intelligence of children through playing puzzles in the RA Annajamissa’adah. The research approach used is a qualitative approach using the experimental method. The subjects of this study were 5 children aged 4-5 years, all of whom were male. Data collection techniques used were the initial observation (pretest) and final observation (posttest). The initial observation is carried out before the treatment is given using a media puzzle and the final observation is carried out after the treatment is given. The results of the study showed that 4 out of 5 people were capable of being responsible, and the ability to obey the rules reached a value of 3 out of 4 values, namely with the statement of DAE (Developing According to Expectations). Thus the intrapersonal intelligence of children. aged 4-5 years in the RA Annajamissa’adah Regency can develop through puzzle play.