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Philosophical study of social justice from Plato's thought Throughout the history of philosophy, the topic of justice has been a very important topic. Theoretical thinkers such as utilitarianism, intuitionism, eudaimonism, perfectionism, liberalism, communitarianism, and socialism have discussed this topic. The core of political research from the time of Plato to the present is justice. Questions of fairness cannot be determined by the standards used to determine whether something is fair. Different versions of answers regarding the meaning of justice are often considered unsatisfactory, so they cannot be separated from the debate which ultimately constructs the meaning of justice itself, even into a relative formulation. This problem ultimately encouraged many groups to take an alternative path by returning the meaning of justice to those who set the laws and regulations and to judges who will develop their own considerations. This article will discuss the concept of justice from the perspective of Pre-Christian philosophers, especially Plato. Philosophically, there are two ways of expressing justice: First, the view that justice means harmony between the implementation of rights and the implementation of obligations according to the "balance of law" clause, namely "the scope of rights and obligations". The view of legal experts basically holds that justice is harmony between legal certainty and legal comparability. There are even those who argue that law must be combined with justice for it to truly have legal meaning. This is related to the answer that law is part of human efforts to create ethical coexistence in the world. Only through a just legal system can society live peacefully towards happiness, because the essence of law is to create fair rules in society.                                                                                                                     

Stunting is a condition where toddlers fail to grow and develop due to malnutrition when they are in the womb until they are born into the world, but the condition of stunting is visible after the baby is 2 years old. Nutritional problems in toddlers, especially stunting experienced by toddlers, have the risk of hampering the growth and development of toddlers, especially if the stunting condition turns into stunting. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the implementation of regulations to accelerate integrated stunting reduction as an effort to reduce stunting rates in Gondang sub-district. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The research findings show that in implementing the Mojokerto Regent's regulatory policy No. 66 of 2021 concerning the acceleration of integrated stunting reduction, the district government has collaborated with the sub-district government, village government and the community effectively.

War conflict is something that is difficult for countries to avoid. For example, conflicts between Israel and Palestine occur repeatedly, but the realization of international accountability is not yet in accordance with existing regulations. The events that resulted in casualties in the war must be held accountable by Israel as a State, as well as the individuals involved. As a result of these actions, the perpetrators of war crimes must be held accountable under international law. The research method used is normative juridical research, namely by using library materials, by studying and examining the regulations governing international criminal law, both regulations from the Indonesian government and the constitution issued by the Rome Statute. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be seen that the mechanism for enforcing international criminal law based on the 1998 Rome Statute is carried out through several stages, namely submission of a case by the state party, investigation and prosecution, trial, decision making, finally appeal and review.

Legal protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) in the digital era is important because of the increasing economic activity and innovation carried out online. The aim of this research is to understand the challenges and solutions in protecting IPR in the digital era and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing legal instruments. The method used is descriptive and qualitative analysis based on the latest literature and legal regulations related to IPR in the digital era. The research results show that the digital era poses new challenges in IPR protection such as copyright infringement, identity theft and content piracy. However, there have been efforts to address these challenges through regulations such as the Copyright Act and the WIPO Convention. However, implementation and enforcement are often hampered by technological complexity and jurisdictional limitations. In conclusion, legal protection of IPR in the digital era requires a holistic approach through collaboration between government, the private sector and civil society. It is important to continue to develop adaptive regulations and strengthen international cooperation in law enforcement to overcome the challenges faced.    

Investment is one of the ways Indonesia can develop economic growth to realise a golden Indonesia by becoming the fifth largest economic power in the world. With that, Indonesia needs to regulate and make regulations that can facilitate investment by making the Job Creation Law. With the birth of the work copyright law by concocting, combining, deleting and changing several laws into one form of applicable law, namely omnibus law. Thus I conducted research through a normative juridical approach based on primary legal materials by using statutory materials and conceptual approaches by tracing legal materials using analytical study techniques and quantitative studies. From the results of the study found that the copyright law relating to environmental permits did not result in changes and is still relevant to the previous rules. Then the changes that occur only relate to environmental approval which is facilitated in order to simplify environmental licensing by integrating with the licensing system also strengthens the law indirectly.  

. The evolution of regulations related to Rooftop Solar Power (PLTS) utilization in Indonesia reflects changes in the government's approach to solar energy usage. From the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 49 of 2018, which underwent several revisions, to the issuance of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 2 of 2024, there has been a significant transformation in policy orientation. While initially aimed at promoting the adoption of Rooftop Solar Power at the community level, the latest regulations emphasize more on governance and the overall development of the renewable energy industry. The removal of incentives, such as the electricity export-import mechanism and adjustments in carbon economy regulations, may have negative impacts on the economy and attractiveness of Rooftop Solar Power for the public. However, these adjustments also have the potential to create a more robust ecosystem for the overall growth of the renewable energy industry. As part of efforts towards achieving national renewable energy targets, these regulatory adjustments are expected to encourage innovation in more environmentally friendly energy technologies and increase public participation in the transition towards more sustainable energy sources.

Sharia financing instruments are experiencing development, one of the products being national sharia securities (SBSN) or sukuk in order to optimize the state revenue and expenditure budget (APBN). There needs to be a supporting professional responsibility, namely a notary. In issuing SBSN, there is a big risk because it involves a large amount of funds, many parties. , and national wealth. The notary is responsible for making an authentic deed that contains a guarantee of security for the parties. This research aims to determine the legal aspects and responsibilities of the notary profession regarding the issuance of SBSN. The research method uses normative juridical research with a statutory research approach. The results of this research show that SBSN is very useful for obtaining APBN infrastructure financing. State sharia securities (SBSN) or sukuk contain legal aspects that are complete enough to guarantee legal certainty. The legal aspects start from the formation of laws, government regulations, DSN-MUI fatwas, and other regulations. The responsibility of the notary profession in issuing SBSN is not directly involved. Notaries in issuing SBSN are responsible for making authentic deeds, especially contracts to ensure they are in accordance with sharia-based rules, providing legal counseling for the parties as a neutral party, legalizing private documents, and being a witness to the notarized agreement for the issuance of SBSN. has been registered with the OJK as a notary in charge of capital markets.

Human rights violations are actions that violate humanitarian principles, which are principally carried out by individuals, state institutions, or other institutions, which aim to deprive other individuals of their human rights without juridical pretexts and convincing rational evidence. Human rights violations that currently occur often have a high complexity. One of them is the human rights violations that occurred in the tragedy at Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang on October 1, 2022. The impacts of the tragedy experienced by victims and their families include physical, emotional and financial. After the Kanjuruhan incident, it is necessary to limit the rights and responsibilities between parties who have a role in organizing football matches. So, for this reason, structured steps are needed to restore the rights of victims that should be given. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method by making secondary data as research material obtained from books, similar works and research, as well as draft laws. This research highlights the importance of implementing compensation and restitution mechanisms as an effort to restore victims' rights, in accordance with applicable law. Through in-depth analysis of relevant legal regulations and related cases, this research provides insight into the efforts that have been made by the government and related institutions in providing compensation and restitution to victims.

This researcher aims to understand the management of parking fees in increasing the regional income of the city of Kupang and the efforts made by the regional government of the city of Kuapang in optimizing the receipt of parking fees. This type of research is empirical research, using a qualitative approach method, where the researcher describes data from the results of observations and research that has been carried out in Kupang City. The data collection techniques used are interviews and observations, then descriptive analysis is carried out. Parking lot management to increase local revenue is carried out through planning, organizing, activating/implementing and supervising or controlling activities. Efforts to increase local revenue through parking fees by establishing regulations and policies relating to parking fees, enforcing regulations, increasing supervision, educating the public, and evaluating the management of parking fees. Suggestions for the government to pay more attention to regional levies, especially Kupang City regional parking levies, in making regulations, enforcing regulations and increasing awareness of parking fees and providing education to the community as well as periodic evaluations for parking managers and officers so that they are obedient in carrying out their duties in accordance with applicable regulations. with a full sense of responsibility, and for the community to comply with regulations regarding regional levies, especially Kupang City regional parking levies to increase local revenue.

Regional levies are a form of community participation in implementing regional autonomy. Regional levies are an important source of regional income to fund government administration and regional development. The problem faced by each region in general is that the collection of levies which is a component of Original Regional Income (PAD) has not been maximized. This researcher aims to understand the management of parking fees in increasing the regional income of the city of Kupang and the efforts made by the regional government of the city of Kuapang in optimizing the receipt of parking fees. This type of research is empirical research, using a qualitative approach method, where the researcher describes data from the results of observations and research that has been carried out in Kupang City. The data collection techniques used are interviews and observations, then descriptive analysis is carried out. Parking lot management to increase local revenue is carried out through planning, organizing, activating/implementing and supervising or controlling activities. Efforts to increase local revenue through parking fees by establishing regulations and policies relating to parking fees, enforcing regulations, increasing supervision, educating the public, and evaluating the management of parking fees. Suggestions for the government to pay more attention to regional levies, especially Kupang City regional parking levies, in making regulations, enforcing regulations and increasing awareness of parking fees and providing education to the community as well as periodic evaluations for parking managers and officers so that they are obedient in carrying out their duties in accordance with applicable regulations. with a full sense of responsibility, and for the community to comply with regulations regarding regional levies, especially Kupang City regional parking levies to increase local revenue.

: The aim of this research is to find out how legal protection is for minors as recidivists of criminal acts of theft and the causal factors in Gorontalo City. The method used is an empirical approach based on field facts, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that legal protection for children who are recidivists is provided during the legal process, starting from the investigation, arrest and detention stages. The legal process is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law, and prioritizes the needs, development and growth of children, both physically, mentally and socially. The implementation of legal protection for children who are in conflict with the law, especially for repeat criminals or recidivists, is carried out in the same way as for first-time perpetrators of other criminal acts, but the only difference is that diversion efforts are not applied to those who are recidivists. The protection carried out by the police is to fulfill children's rights in every ongoing legal process; The investigation prioritizes a family atmosphere; and Separate Detention. The cause of children becoming recidivist perpetrators of the crime of theft in Gorontalo City is environmental factors; Economy problem; There is leniency in punishment and lack of effective coaching; and Factors of legal awareness and parental negligence. Therefore, in implementing legal protection for children who commit criminal acts, especially for recidivist perpetrators, law enforcement officers are expected to pay attention to the psychological and social conditions of children, but still prioritize providing a deterrent effect so that perpetrators are afraid to repeat their crimes. These efforts include, for example, implementing existing legal procedures by fulfilling all children's rights, but still carrying out repressive action by providing sanctions as regulated in statutory regulations, and not imposing diversion on perpetrators who repeat criminal acts. Apart from that, the government and especially parents pay as much attention as possible to ensuring life for children, so that they do not become perpetrators of criminal acts such as theft. This is because children are sometimes forced to commit these crimes due to their needs not being met properly, or even due to pressure from other parties.

This study aims to: 1), Know the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency), Know about - factors that affect the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and the obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. To achieve this goal, researchers use data collection techniques through, observation, interviews, and documentation or literature studies. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using qualitative analysis to find out about the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency and Know about- what factors influence implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. The results of this study show that: 1. the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles In Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency has not been fully carried out optimally because of the existence of people who are pro and con to every decision made, Regarding the implementation of the supervisory function carried out has been carried out properly so as to minimize the occurrence of deviations from the implementation of Village Regulations and APBDes. 2. factors that affect the implementation of BPD's supervisory function are affectedby 2 (two) factors, namely internal factors which include community support/participation in BPD, and good cooperative relations between BPD and Village Government. While the second factor is external factors which include the lack of benefits provided to BPD members, facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources who fill BPD membership and the existence of communities that are pro and con to every decision made.

In today's developments, especially in Indonesia, many criminal acts are increasing. One of the cases of crime in Indonesia that is high among women is prostitution. The act of prostitution is strictly prohibited in Indonesia because prostitution is an act of crime against morality and is against the law and is against human rights and also falls within the scope of the field of criminology. This research is empirical juridical research. The data collected was taken from primary and secondary data which was then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that: (1) The factors causing prostitutes to still operate in Karang Dempel consist of Economic factors, Lifestyle Factors, Social Environmental Factors, Educational Factors, Legal Factors. (2) Law enforcement efforts to deal with prostitutes who are still operating in Karang Dempel consist of pre-emptive efforts, namely prevention so that crimes do not occur, preventive efforts, namely action carried out by authorized officers in accordance with statutory regulations and repressive efforts, namely efforts that carried out to take action against criminals according to their actions. Based on the problem of prostitution, it is recommended that law enforcement officers provide more guidance or outreach to local residents so that they are more aware of the impact of prostitution, especially for teenagers, in order to provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators of prostitution and not doing it again. It is hoped that the local government will continue to monitor the area of ​​prostitution in the hope that the government's promises regarding financial assistance and business assistance can be allocated to create harmony.

Indonesia and China are two countries with rapidly developing economies in Southeast Asia. These two countries have great potential to attract foreign investment. However, there are differences in investment and foreign investment regulations in the two countries. This research aims to compare investment and foreign investment laws in Indonesia and China. This research uses normative legal research methods with a comparative approach. Research data was obtained from literature studies, namely laws, government regulations and other related literature. The research results show that there are similarities and differences in foreign investment and investment regulations in Indonesia and China. Similarities include, recognition of the rights of foreign investors; providing incentives for foreign investors; and resolving investment disputes. The differences include the subject of investment, business fields open to foreign investment, investment requirements. From this research, researchers can draw the title, namely Comparison of investment law and foreign investment in Indonesia and China

The DKI Jakarta Inspectorate as a state apparatus is involved in achieving the goal of implementing clean government to emphasize the implementation of the principle of government integrity. The official portal of the DKI Jakarta Inspectorate has a JakWas service that needs to be studied as a catalyst and innovation in the implementation of guidance and supervision of the implementation of regional government. The study was conducted using a qualitative research method with a library/literature study data collection technique. The results of the study indicate that: 1) The DKI Jakarta Provincial Inspectorate in implementing guidance and supervision of the implementation of Regional Government innovates by creating a Jakarta Supervision (JakWas) dashboard to integrate SPBE services owned by the DKI Jakarta Inspectorate with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of supervision carried out by the DKI Jakarta Inspectorate on the implementation of Regional Government affairs by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government Apparatus in an effort to realize clean government governance; 2) The creation of applications/information systems created by the DKI Jakarta Inspectorate is based on the mandate of regulations in accordance with the duties and functions of guidance and supervision; and 3) The implementation of sustainable programs requires a commitment to continue to carry out the task of guidance and supervision with excellence. Activities such as system evaluation, user feedback, effectiveness of SPBE services, and their impact on the implementation of provincial-level coaching and supervision duties.

This research highlights the importance of women's representation in the legislature as an indicator of the quality of democracy in Indonesia. Although regulations set a minimum quota of 30% women's representation, the realization is still low with a projection of only 22.1% of women elected in the 2024 DPR. The open proportional electoral system provides opportunities but also presents challenges, such as money politics and patriarchal culture. Internal factors such as lack of confidence and double burden, as well as external factors such as political violence and lack of support from parties, hinder women in politics. To increase this representation, strategies such as gender mainstreaming in political communication, effective affirmative action, and inclusive political education are needed. These efforts aim to create a more inclusive and gender-equal parliament, supporting women's role in public policy-making.

The government made pornography included in government legal products in 2008, with Law number 44 which was issued to regulate Indonesian society. The government made pornography included in government legal products in 2008, with Law number 44 which was issued to regulate Indonesian society. A qualitative research approach using a literature review was used, involving the collection and analysis of data from library sources relating to the research subject. In addition, the Investigation selects journal sources, organizes and discusses subjects relevant to the research objectives, and compares articles related to this research. In the literature review, the results of descriptive and qualitative research are summarized (summary) using qualitative methods. The widespread distribution of pornography is a problem that cannot be resolved through regulations. Various laws have been enacted to prevent the production of pornography, which has now been criminalized. The use and promotion of sex, partial or full nudity in scenes, sexually explicit gestures, and social activities of female characters usually fall under pornography. Pornography often depicts women, in particular, as highly degrading sexual objects. An immediate cessation of the distribution of pornographic content on social media and a focus on legal protection for victims of such behavior must be emphasized.

The topic of bullying is never discussed from time to time, the phenomenon of bullying is like an epidemic or a rapidly spreading disease that causes many victims. The phenomenon of bullying is increasingly growing because currently it is a modern era that cannot be separated from technological developments which have positive and negative impacts. Television or social media shows are easier for school-age children to imitate, especially behavior that is considered not good. For example, a fight scene that ends in bullying. Bullying occurs at every school level, from elementary school, middle school, high school to university, both public schools and religious schools and Islamic boarding schools. Bullying is carried out by students, teachers, parents and also school principals with the majority of victims being students. In order to protect and prevent bullying, the government has issued many laws such as the Child Protection Law, the Children's Criminal Justice System Law, the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulations, the Minister of State for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Regulations, Guidebooks and Programs Anti-bullying from each school and various forms of efforts to anticipate and prevent bullying in schools. In fact, the various regulations issued by the Government have not been able to overcome bullying behavior, which will even increase by 30% in 2023 compared to 2022. This research will complement other research that has been carried out previously, using a different perspective, namely with the concept of sustainability. activities through the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) system, which requires stakeholders (Government, Teachers, Parents, Students, Law Enforcement and all parties involved) to carry out systematic and holistic prevention efforts, which in every The steps taken must always be reviewed to find out whether the work plan made has succeeded in preventing or not being effective.  

Article 27 letters (g) and (h) of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities regulates that state parties must employ persons with disabilities in the government sector and promote employment for persons with disabilities in the private sector through appropriate policies and measures which may include concrete action programs, incentives and other steps. Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower in 2021 and 2022, less than 1% of people with disabilities can work in the public and private sectors. The main problems in this research are: How is Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 implemented in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities; What is the solution to the weakness in implementing Article 27 of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. The theories used in this research are the theory of monism and the theory of legal positivism.The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a process of finding legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. This research focuses on legal synchronization, namely examining the harmony of positive law (legislation) so that it does not conflict based on the hierarchy of laws and regulations.The results of this research are that the implementation of Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities has weaknesses, where none of this law regulates sanctions for the government, regional governments, State-Owned Enterprises, Regional-Owned Enterprises and private companies that do not meet the quota for disabled workers as regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. Therefore, the government needs to formulate government regulations as soon as possible as implementing regulations for Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, so that there is legal clarity and certainty, especially for law enforcers and people with disabilities.

The principle of transparency is one of the important elements that must be present in the formation of laws. With this open principle, the public will know how the law works from planning to the stipulation stage to ratification. As the purpose of the formation of the law itself is to improve the welfare of society, community participation is very necessary so that the laws enacted provide benefits and justice for them. The legislative institution, like the DPR, must be the people's representative in obtaining justice. However, the reality so far is that the community feels that the making of this law is far from the aspirations of the people, the community feels that the government authorities, in this case the DPR, DPRD and the government as the law-forming authorities, are considered to be lacking in implementing the principle of transparency and tend to take advantage of the government. Alone. This research is normative legal research. The main focus of this research is on applicable legal norms, such as the constitution, codification, government regulations, presidential regulations, and others.