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This study aims to analyze toxic and narcissistic leadership in Christian educational institutions. The research method employed is a literature review with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through documentation studies of various academic books and relevant scholarly journals, then systematically analyzed to identify themes, patterns, and strategic insights. This literature review seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of toxic and narcissistic leadership phenomena, focusing on the influencing factors, their implications for organizations, and potential conflict resolution strategies. The findings reveal that toxic and narcissistic leadership has a negative impact on organizational health, particularly within Christian education, which should uphold the values of love, sacrifice, and service. Conversely, the implementation of conflict resolution based on Christian values can restore relationships, strengthen leadership integrity, and foster a healthy organizational culture. This study emphasizes the importance of transforming toxic and narcissistic leadership into leadership grounded in the values of Christ so that Christian educational institutions can remain consistent with their mission to educate, guide, and serve with love.

The family is the first environment that shapes a child's personality and social behavior. However, in broken homes, emotional conditions and parenting patterns are often disrupted due to separation or the absence of one parent. This has an impact on the process of shaping children's social behavior in their daily lives. This study aims to analyze the social behavior of children from broken homes in Kampung Aur, Kelurahan Aur, Medan City. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used. The main informants consisted of five children from broken homes who were selected using the snowball technique. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study showed that the children's social behavior had not developed optimally in most indicators, namely cooperation, sharing, competition, empathy, sympathy, imitation, social support, and social acceptance. The main obstacles arise from inconsistent parenting patterns, lack of emotional support, and an unsupportive social environment. Therefore, the active involvement of parents, guardians, and the community is essential to shape and nurture children's social behavior in a sustainable manner.

This qualitative study addresses the critical gap between religious diversity and national security in Indonesia by proposing interfaith competence as a strategic imperative. Situated within a constructivist framework, the research investigates the perspectives of Christian educators, positing that their unique position at the intersection of faith formation and pedagogy offers invaluable insights into building sustainable religious harmony. Constructivism provides the analytical lens, emphasizing that understandings of religious "others," security threats, and peaceful coexistence are socially constructed through discourse, experience, and education. Therefore, the development of interfaith competence is not merely an ethical goal but a active process of constructing a shared societal reality resilient to sectarian conflict. The primary objective of this research is to explore how Christian educators conceptualize, practice, and perceive their role in fostering interfaith competence as a contribution to Indonesia's national security architecture. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns and nuanced understandings. The findings reveal that these educators view interfaith competence comprising affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions as a vital tool for deconstructing prejudice and building social cohesion. They position their educational practices as essential for shaping citizens who can navigate a multireligious society, thereby mitigating the risks of radicalization and conflict that threaten national integrity. The study concludes that integrating interfaith competence, as articulated by these grassroots actors, into broader national policy offers a proactive, soft-power strategy for safeguarding Indonesia's security, moving beyond purely military or political approaches to foster a collectively constructed resilience.

This qualitative case study examines how the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach can be adapted to general English classes in a higher education institution in Timor-Leste to answer the long-standing question of how students can acquire speaking proficiency in a multilingual learning environment. The paper brings into focus the incorporation of CLT into classroom activities with special emphasis on the application of role play, pair work, seminars, simulations, and task-based learning as means of promoting interactive and communicative competence. A descriptive qualitative case study design was used to develop in-depth knowledge of contextual teaching and learning experiences, the perspectives of the participants, and naturally occurring practices in the institutional setting. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis were the data-gathering methods. Purposive sampling was used to select the two lecturers and seven students directly involved in teaching general English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, which made it possible to identify repeated themes and patterns that revealed both opportunities and difficulties in implementing CLT in context. The results of the study indicate that, despite the adaptation of the CTL approach in teaching practices, its implementation is often sporadic due to concerns about English proficiency, teacher training, and flexibility in using local and official languages during instruction. The research demonstrates the necessity of adapting CLT methods to the local education environment and arranging long-term professional development for lecturers. This study helps us understand how context-sensitive CLT approaches can lead to improved results in teaching and learning English in Timor-Leste. The interactive approach and the systematic teacher model could significantly improve students' communicative competence.

The climate crisis is no longer just a concern for environmental activists, but has evolved into a strategic threat affecting global stability. The climate crisis is now worsening into a serious threat to the sustainability of human life and the existing ecosystems on Earth. In his book, "The Uninhabitable Earth," Arne Naess provides deep insights thru the Deep Ecology approach, which emphasizes the intrinsic value of all forms of life. This study explores the relationship between the environment and cosmology and its impact on human policies and behavior toward nature. By analyzing the interaction between humans and the environment, we show that a paradigm shift toward a holistic understanding can offer sustainable solutions to this climate crisis. The impact of the climate crisis is highly complex and widespread, leading to unstable weather patterns. These unstable weather patterns threaten agriculture, food security, and also result in more frequent and severe natural disasters. We need to explore the root causes of the current climate crisis, the impacts that have already occurred and may come, and the efforts that can be made by individuals, communities, and the international community to address such challenges. This research strongly highlights the importance of collective consciousness and moral responsibility in protecting the planet, while also inviting readers to reflect on their position within the broader web of life. Thru this approach, it is hoped that synergy between human development and environmental sustainability can be achieved.

Application of Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network to fault classification in high-voltage transmission lines is demonstrated in this paper. Different fault types on protected transmission line should be detected and classified rapidly and correctly. This paper presents the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform energy features combined with zero sequence current magnitude as input features for neural network classifier. The proposed method uses eight extracted features to learn hidden relationship in fault signal patterns. Using proposed approach, fault detection and classification of all 11 fault types could be achieved with high accuracy. Improved performance is experienced once the neural network is trained sufficiently with 1188 fault samples, thus performing correctly when faced with different system conditions. Results of performance studies show that proposed neural network-based classifier achieves 96.18% average accuracy, which demonstrates that it can improve the performance of conventional fault classification algorithms, which in turn can provide more efficient solutions in the management and protection of high voltage electrical systems.

This study investigates students’ perceptions of Smalltalk2Me, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered conversational assistant designed to improve speaking skills in classroom learning. The main objective of this research is to explore how students perceive the tool’s effectiveness, usefulness, interactivity, and overall learning experience when using it for speaking practice. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving students who had used Smalltalk2Me as part of their English-speaking activities. The interview data were analyzed thematically to identify emerging patterns related to engagement, motivation, and skill development. The findings reveal that students view Smalltalk2Me as an effective and accessible tool that enhances speaking fluency and confidence since it allows practice anytime and anywhere. Students also appreciate its realistic conversation simulations and personalized feedback, which help them recognize pronunciation errors, improve vocabulary use, and refine sentence structure. Additionally, the AI assistant creates a supportive and low-anxiety learning environment, making learners more comfortable expressing themselves in English. Overall, the study concludes that Smalltalk2Me serves as a valuable supplementary tool for improving students’ speaking competence and fostering autonomous learning in technology-enhanced language classrooms.

The development of digital technology has transformed marketing patterns, including in the culinary sector. The MSME Feedmee.ind utilizes digital marketing strategies and builds brand awareness to increase consumer purchasing decisions. This phenomenon is relevant to consumer behavior trends, particularly among the younger generation active on social media, making digital marketing a critical factor in business competition. This research aims to determine the influence of digital marketing and brand awareness on the purchasing decisions for the MSME Feedmee.ind at Royal Plaza Surabaya. This study employs a quantitative method with the population consisting of all Feedmee.ind consumers at Royal Plaza Surabaya, using an accidental sampling technique. The research sample comprises 92 respondents selected based on specific criteria. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with SmartPLS 4 software. The research findings indicate that digital marketing has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Similarly, brand awareness is also proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. These findings confirm that an interactive and consistent digital marketing strategy, supported by the strengthening of brand awareness, can effectively increase consumer interest and purchasing decisions.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the cognitive development of early childhood children at KB AN-Nisa, South City District, Gorontalo City. The background of the study highlights that some children face difficulties in recognizing shapes, colors, and numbers, which are critical components of early cognitive development. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing observation and documentation techniques, involving a sample of 5 children out of a total of 35 students. The study explores how different parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic, impact the cognitive development of young children. The results demonstrate significant variations in cognitive abilities among children, influenced by the type of parenting they receive. Specifically, children raised in a responsive and supportive environment tend to show better cognitive development, particularly in areas such as shape and color recognition. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parenting style in providing cognitive stimulation for early childhood. They also highlight the importance of collaboration between parents and schools to optimize the cognitive development of young children, suggesting that a balanced, supportive approach to parenting can positively influence children’s learning outcomes. Therefore, this research contributes to understanding the connection between parenting and cognitive development in early childhood.

Femoral fractures resulting from road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of morbidity in developing countries, particularly among economically active young adults. Despite the increasing rate of RTAs in Nigeria, there is a lack of localized data concerning the radiographic distribution and epidemiological characteristics of femoral fractures. This study provides region-specific baseline data for clinical decision-making and public health interventions. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using patient case notes and radiographic records of 141 individuals with femoral fractures resulting from RTAs, presented at Erichris Diagnostic Centre, Benin City, between January 2019 and December 2022. Radiographs were evaluated to determine fracture location (proximal, middle, or distal third). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and results were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Associations between fracture type, age, and gender were examined using Chi-square tests with significance set at p < 0.05. The majority of patients were males (87.2%) and within the 16–30-year age group (72.3%), with a mean age of 31.6 years. The right femur was affected in 55.3% of cases. Middle third femoral shaft fractures were the most prevalent (63.8%), followed by proximal (26.3%) and distal fractures (9.9%). There was no statistically significant association between gender and fracture type (p > 0.05) or between age group and fracture type (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates a high incidence of middle shaft femoral fractures among young adult males due to RTAs in Benin City. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted road safety policies, improved trauma care infrastructure, and preventive strategies directed at high-risk groups. The data provided serve as a critical reference for orthopedic management and public health planning.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant transformations in the global entertainment industry, including in Indonesia. One manifestation of this change is evident in the presence of streaming platforms like Netflix, which have altered consumer consumption patterns for audio-visual content. This study aims to analyze how Netflix Indonesia utilizes Business Intelligence (BI) and Knowledge Management (KM) to maintain and increase customer loyalty. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, collecting data from various scientific literature, industry reports, and relevant online sources. The results show that the implementation of BI enables Netflix to analyze user behavior, understand viewing preferences, and provide more personalized content recommendations. Meanwhile, KM plays a crucial role in internal knowledge management, content development, and service innovation. The synergy between BI and KM has been proven to support Netflix's strategy in improving user experience, retaining existing customers, and attracting new ones in the increasingly competitive Indonesian market.

Free-range chicken eggs are a source of high-value animal protein but are susceptible to quality deterioration during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract concentration and storage duration on the internal quality (Egg White Index, Egg Yolk Index, Haugh Unit, yolk color) and pH of free-range chicken eggs. An experimental method was employed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4 x 4 factorial pattern. The first factor was leaf extract concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), and the second factor was storage duration (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results showed that immersion in 5% Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract significantly maintained internal egg quality compared to the control up to 14 days of storage. This treatment produced optimal values for the Egg White Index, Egg Yolk Index, Haugh Unit, and yolk color score, while also inhibiting the pH increase indicative of egg spoilage. However, an excessively high concentration (15%) resulted in physical quality degradation. It is concluded that Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaf extract has potential as an effective natural preservative for maintaining the freshness of free-range chicken eggs, with the best concentration at 5% for short- to medium-term storage.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in public policy networks as representatives of community interests, government partners, and advocacy actors. This study aims to analyze the role of NGOs in public policy networks in Garut Regency, as well as the challenges faced in increasing their contribution to policy formulation and implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies of actors involved in the policy network. The results show that NGO involvement is still symbolic, power relations between actors are not yet equal, NGO institutional capacity is limited, and coordination within the policy network is less than optimal. The lack of regulatory support also weakens the position of NGOs in the public policy process. This study concludes that strengthening the role of NGOs through institutionalizing their involvement, developing regulations, increasing capacity, and establishing equal partnership patterns are important steps to improve the effectiveness of public policy networks in Garut Regency.

An answer to the worldwide need for solutions to food security, data fusion technology that combines climate data with satellite imagery greatly improves the accuracy of agricultural yield predictions; this study intends to examine the advancements, methods, and key contributions of this area. By sifting through 62 papers pulled from Scopus, this research employs the SLR methodology. Document type, data source, open access, subject area, and year of publication (2020–2024) are some of the categories filtered through by Boolean keywords in the selection process. To assess patterns in publications, the efficacy of machine learning models, and key contributions, bibliometric analysis was performed. An upward tendency in publication has been identified by the analysis, particularly beyond the year 2023. Integrating geographical and temporal data has been a great success with machine learning models like Random Forest, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. Data resolution, integration of data from several sources, and a real-time framework are still missing pieces to the puzzle when it comes to generalizing research outcomes. More complex data fusion approaches, multiregional datasets, and advanced machine learning models to back more accurate agricultural predictions are all things that this study notes as needing additional investigation in the future. To further innovate agricultural yield prediction, multidisciplinary collaboration is also crucial.

The issue of global food security is increasingly pressing amidst climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation. The agricultural sector, particularly rice production, faces threats from pests and diseases that reduce crop yields and farmer incomes. Climate change exacerbates pest attack patterns, increasing crop losses. In addition, excessive use of chemical pesticides leads to pest resistance and negative impacts on ecosystems and human health. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, and the study population included farmers who cultivate rice fields and farmer groups that have received Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Makale District, Tana Toraja Regency, with a population of 325 families. Respondents were randomly selected at 15% of the total population, with a sample of 49 farmers consisting of three farmer groups. The results showed that the role of farmer groups in IPM implementation in Makale District includes extension and training (65.5%), facilitating access to information and resources (69%), decision-making (67.5%), and conflict management and IPM cooperation (66.5%). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of the rice farming system, with support from the Government and the Tana Toraja Regency Agriculture Service to optimize the development of rice farming businesses.

Background: A balanced diet is essential for maintaining health and nutritional status, commonly assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI). Dietary habits are influenced not only by physiological needs but also by psychological factors such as Body Image perception. Unrealistic perceptions of one’s body can lead to unhealthy eating behaviors and negatively impact nutritional status. Patisserie students, who are frequently exposed to high-calorie foods, may be particularly vulnerable to such challenges. Objective:  This study aims to examine the influence of Body Image perception on dietary patterns and BMI among patisserie students at the Medan Tourism Polytechnic. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach to 60 students of Medan Tourism Polytechnic. Body Image and eating pattern data were collected using a questionnaire, while BMI was obtained by measuring the weight and height of the subjects. Result: The data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-square Test. Based on the results of the analysis, a relationship was found between Body Image and eating patterns with a value of p = 0.006 (P < 0.05). However, there was no relationship between Body Image and BMI with a value of p = 0.391 (P> 0.05). Consclusion: There is a relationship between Body Image and eating patterns but there is no relationship between Body Image and BMI.

The Baayun Counseling Socialization Program at the Health Center is designed to improve the understanding and skills of health workers in implementing a more humane and local culture-based counseling approach. Baayun counseling is a therapeutic communication method that integrates cultural values in the interaction between health workers and patients, so that services become more personalized, empathetic, and meaningful. This program is carried out through several stages, namely needs analysis, socialization, and effectiveness evaluation. The main target is health workers in primary services who interact directly with patients. The expected results of this program include improving the competence of health workers in understanding and implementing Baayun Counseling, as well as increasing patient satisfaction and compliance with health services. Program evaluations show that this approach is able to create positive changes in communication patterns, strengthen the relationship between health workers and patients, and improve the overall quality of counseling services. By adopting Baayun Counseling, Puskesmas can strengthen the cultural dimension in health services, making them more relevant and responsive to the needs of local communities. The program also has the potential to be replicated in other culturally rich regions as part of a community-based health service quality improvement strategy.

Digital transformation has brought about major changes in leadership patterns, especially in the public sector. In this context, digital leadership is key for leaders to drive innovation and adaptation to technological developments. However, the success of digital leadership is also inseparable from democratic leadership values that emphasize participation, openness, and collaboration. The synergy between these two values is an important foundation for building an effective and humanistic leadership style in the digital age. This study aims to analyze the role of Dedi Mulyadi's digital leadership in developing digital talent through the 2025 Jabar Istimewa Digital Academy (JIDA) program in West Java. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, sourced from 14 scientific journals and three official news reports. The results of the study show that Dedi Mulyadi applies a visionary, adaptive, and collaborative digital leadership style. Democratic values are also evident through a participatory approach that involves the community, educational institutions, and the industrial sector in the implementation of the JIDA 2025 program. This program has proven to strengthen digital literacy, expand access to technology training, and improve the readiness of West Java's human resources in facing the challenges of the digital economy. Thus, digital leadership combined with democratic principles plays an important role in realizing inclusive, competitive, and sustainable human resource development in the era of digital transformation.

This study investigates the algebraic reasoning processes of university students when expanding mathematical expressions in the context of nonroutine problem-solving. The research adopts a qualitative approach to explore how students interpret algebraic structures, apply symbolic transformations, and construct logical explanations while working through unfamiliar tasks. Data were collected through written tests, task-based interviews, and detailed analysis of students’ solution strategies. The findings reveal significant variation in students’ ability to generalize patterns, recognize structural relationships, and justify algebraic procedures. Students with strong conceptual understanding demonstrated flexible reasoning, coherent explanations, and appropriate use of algebraic properties. In contrast, students who relied heavily on procedural rules often struggled with symbolic manipulation, produced fragmented reasoning, and exhibited misconceptions related to variables and distributive operations. These results highlight the importance of fostering conceptual understanding, metacognitive awareness, and reasoning-oriented instruction in university mathematics. The study provides insights for educators seeking to design learning environments that promote deeper algebraic thinking and enhance students’ ability to solve complex, nonroutine problems.

This community service (PKM) aims to improve the English language competency of students of SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya specifically English For Specific Purpose (ESP). The increasingly global needs of the fashion and textile industry, both for export and import and interaction with foreign clients, require graduates to have English communication skills that are not only general, but also specific according to the terminology of design, production, and marketing of fashion products. The methods used are interactive training, and Role-Play simulations, and direct practical assistance with a focus on design presentations, negotiations with clients or suppliers, and technical terminology for sewing patterns in English. The results of the PKM show an average increase in specific vocabulary mastery of 25% as well as a significant increase in student self-confidence in using English for work scenarios, as well as a better understanding of professional terms in the field of Fashion Design. This activity is recommended to be continued as a regular school program to bridge the gap between the general English curriculum and the demands of actual work competencies in the fashion industry