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This study aims to determine the values of gender equality in Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School (BP), the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in internalizing it, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with the main informants, namely PAI teachers, students, and principals. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results showed that Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School has attempted to implement gender equality values through policies that support equal rights and opportunities between male and female students, both in learning, leadership, and extracurricular activities. These values include justice, equality, and freedom of expression without gender restrictions. PAI teachers play an important role as educators and role models, conveying these values through teaching, social interaction and support for the school's inclusive policies. Supporting factors for the internalization of these values are the progressive school policies and the diversity of the teaching staff. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the immaturity of students' emotional intelligence.

Women in the village government in Wewiku District, Malaka Regency in 2013, the number of Lamea Village officials is more dominant than Seserai, Lorotolus and Alkani villages. Therefore, the main problem raised in this study is to find out why the number of women in the Lamea Village government structure is more dominant than other villages and how the leadership patterns of female village heads and village officials are in organizing village government in Lamea Village, Wewiku District. The method used in this study is a qualitative description using a descriptive case study method. The results of the study indicate that the reason for the dominance of women in the government structure in Lamea Village is because female leaders have high intelligence, have a vision and mission and are able to communicate the vision and mission well, and have high communication skills. In addition, the myth that women are not able to lead, therefore it is necessary to empower women, fight for gender equality, a balanced division of roles and functions between men and women, feel more comfortable and compatible with women. While in the pattern of female leadership, not everything is running optimally. Other findings from this study are: the concept of listening from ema tetun is hanono, rona malu, loke tilun no neon laran hodi rona sasa maak ema dale mai ita. The approaches used are hamata, kalalan and mon metan. The concept of empathy according to ema tetun is nu'u dar, nu'u kmesak, hanesan, manesak which means feeling the same fate and suffering. The approaches used are haklaran malu, hanoin malu, hadomi malu, sudi hamutu. The concept of the ability to serve according to ema tetun is haliku. The approaches used are tu'an malu, tulun malu, hakneter haktaek. The symbols used are tanasak, kabir, tais feto and tais mane. The concept of commitment to human growth according to ema tetun is neon metin. The approaches used are meno malu and hala'ok. The concept of building humans according to ema tetun is hader renu, foti renu. The approaches used are karian hamutu and hakawak

The growth of the digital sector during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID) 19 pandemic has an impact on how individuals use technology and behave in social situations, introducing new work opportunities.  However, work participation in the digital industry based on gender at the global level is still significant which can have an impact on gender gaps and the role of female workers. In terms of access to production and distribution of roles, female workers in the digital industry make widespread similarities with the presence of male workers. In-depth research is required to understand whether or not there is a gender gap in the digital industry, especially in the context of Indonesia, as a modern phenomenon. Previous studies have begun to discuss gender participation in non-digital industries, such as the garment sector, but have not yet discussed the dynamics of the gender gap and the role of women. This study utilizes social role theory to quantify the extent of the gender gap and the dynamics of women's roles in industrial technology. This study examines 3 female workers in 3 distinct digital technology companies using a qualitative method and a multiple case study approach. The results of this study reveals that the digital technology industry in the education, technology, and transportation sector is inclusive and promotes the role of women despite the fact that woman constitute a minority of workers. The role of women is supported by the equal of expectations towards the role of female workers, including the system of labor allocation and rewards that do not take gender into account. This research can further serve as a reference for other digital enterprise sectors and other industries when developing policies and programs to support and enhance the work role of women.

Human rights and Islam both emphasize the value of justice and well-being for all individuals, including women. However, in practice, women's rights are often hampered by patriarchal culture and conservative religious interpretations. This study aims to analyze how human rights and Islam can work in harmony in guaranteeing women's rights. Using a qualitative method based on literature study, this research identifies various factors that cause discrimination against women, such as gender bias in religious interpretations and entrenched social norms. The results show that realizing gender equality in Islam requires inclusive education, fairer reinterpretation of Islamic law, policy reforms that protect women, as well as economic empowerment and women's participation in leadership. With these steps, women can obtain their full rights without erroneous cultural and religious barriers.

This study aims to analyze the normative provisions regarding women's inheritance rights in three legal systems applicable in Indonesia, namely Islamic law, customary law, and civil law. These three systems have different legal bases, values, and mechanisms in regulating inheritance rights, especially regarding the position and rights of women as heirs. Islamic law determines women's inheritance shares based on the provisions of the Qur'an and Al-Hadith or As Sunnah with the principle of proportionality according to socio-economic responsibilities in the family. On the other hand, customary law is highly dependent on the local kinship system, whether patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral, which causes great variation in granting inheritance rights to women. Meanwhile, civil law originating from the Civil Code emphasizes equality between men and women in inheritance rights, without gender differentiation. This study uses a normative legal approach with a qualitative analysis method on primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that although normatively civil law and several customary law systems provide space for equality, in social practice and cultural interpretation of women in obtaining inheritance rights, harmonization between legal systems is still needed, as well as increasing legal awareness in society for women. This study also emphasizes the importance of strengthening the role of the state and law enforcement officers in implementing inheritance rights for women.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of gender diversity, stock bonus compensation, and financial expertise of independent commissioners on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia for the period 2018-2022. This study uses secondary data obtained through the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022. This study is a quantitative study with sampling using the purposive sampling method and obtaining 135 research sample data. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 27. The results of this study indicate that the Board of Directors Gender Diversity variable has a significant positive effect on earnings management. The Stock Bonus Compensation variable has a significant negative effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the Independent Commissioner Financial Expertise variable has a positive but insignificant effect on earnings management.

This paper discusses the issue of gender equality from the perspective of Islamic family law and positive law in Indonesia. This study begins with a historical exploration of the treatment of women in the pre-Islamic era which was full of discrimination and oppression, until the arrival of Islam which brought about a major transformation towards respecting and recognizing women's rights. Furthermore, this paper reviews the comparison between the values ​​of gender equality in ideal Islamic family law with practices that are still influenced by patriarchal culture, as well as Indonesia's positive legal response to gender issues, such as through the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), the Marriage Law, and the ratification of international conventions such as CEDAW. This study also highlights the role and existence of women in the family as children, wives, and mothers, as well as the challenges faced by women in fighting for rights and equality in the domestic and public spheres. This paper emphasizes that achieving fair and balanced gender equality requires a reinterpretation of the law based on values ​​of justice and a structural commitment to empowering women in all aspects of life.

This study aims to analyze the effect of gender diversity in the board of directors and the presence of an audit committee on the level of integrated reporting disclosure in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The study uses companies' annual reports as secondary data and applies multiple linear regression for analysis. The results show that both gender diversity and the audit committee have a positive and significant effect on integrated reporting disclosure. These findings support agency theory, which posits that sound corporate governance enhances transparency and reporting accountability. This research contributes theoretically to the literature on integrated reporting and offers practical implications for companies in formulating more sustainable and informative reporting strategies.

Loneliness is a problem that is often experienced by adolescents. Many factors can influence the occurrence of loneliness in adolescents. This systematic literature review aims to explore what factors influence adolescent loneliness. Journal searches were conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar databases with the keywords “loneliness in adolescents and young adulthood”. A total of 6 studies that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria were then analyzed to identify the factors that cause loneliness in adolescents. These factors included gender, friendship quality, social media use, social relationships with peers, self-esteem and social acceptance. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that cause loneliness in adolescents so that its negative impact can be anticipated and prevented.

Language plays a crucial role in human daily activities. In using language, people cannot avoid using various language varieties that reflect the context and social background of the speakers. Therefore, the importance of sociolinguistic studies has a major influence in recognizing language variations that emerge in communication, especially in the digital space. This study aims to examine the language variations used in comments on the Instagram account of Nur Rofiah, a public figure who is known to be active in voicing gender justice issues from an Islamic perspective. This study uses a sociolinguistic approach to identify forms of language variation and the social factors that influence them. Data were collected through documentation methods on comments on a number of Nur Rofiah's uploads that were considered representative. The results of the study show that there are various language variations, including variations based on dialect, level of formality, use of mixed language (code-mixing), and emotive varieties that reflect the identity and social background of the user. In addition, it was found that factors such as age, gender, educational background, and ideological orientation also influence language choices in digital interactions. These findings indicate that social media is not only a communication space, but also an arena for expressing people's social and ideological identities.

This study explores the Islamic perspective on Human Rights (HR) through a qualitative approach based on literature review. It emphasizes that the principles of human rights are not foreign to Islamic teachings, but are inherently embedded in the values of Sharia derived from the Qur'an and Hadith. Islam upholds justice, freedom of religion, equality, the right to life, and social and economic welfare. The article also examines contemporary challenges faced by Muslim societies in implementing human rights, such as gender inequality, restrictions on religious freedom, and the marginalization of vulnerable groups, including the LGBT community. The findings reveal that the tensions between Islamic principles and international human rights standards often stem from differing normative foundations and interpretations of individual freedom. Therefore, a contextual reinterpretation (ijtihad) is necessary to ensure that Islamic values remain relevant and responsive to modern global challenges. The study concludes that, when applied wisely and aligned with universal humanitarian values, Islamic teachings hold significant potential to contribute to the development of a just, inclusive, and dignified society.

This study uses a feminist literary criticism approach to analyze Ferena Debivena's short story “The Woman Who Bears the Shadow.”  To investigate the type of gender inequality experienced by Lara, the main character, this research focuses on three schools of feminism: marxist, social, and liberal.  The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, which involved text analysis of the symbolism and narrative structure of the story. The results show that Lara is portrayed as a woman who faces social and emotional challenges due to economic pressure and patriarchal domination.  In addition, the short story criticizes forced marriage and educational injustice for women.  Despite the strength of its theme, this short story can still be improved by the elements of deepening supporting characters, a clear plot, and strengthening the climax.  Therefore, it shows the social reality and serves as a medium to criticize the system that oppresses women.

The purpose of this study is to describe the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Munaroh as seen through the perspective of feminism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The object of this research is the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Muniroh published in Ruang Sastra in 2023, with data sources in the form of quotations and in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs that show aspects of radical feminism in the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Muniroh. The results of the research analysis can be seen in terms of radical feminism, the role of the main character "I" and her lover named Aryo in the short story Anjing Kampus with a cultural radical feminism approach, namely, depicted through the main character, namely the character "I" who experienced oppression in the form of physical violence and sexual exploitation, and the main character who was only used by her own body by her lover, Aryo. So that the character "I" makes an effort to resist the control of the body carried out by her lover.

In advertising, females are frequently positioned as the center of attention to establish product image through culturally recognized signs and symbols. Advertisements transcend their promotional function, acting as media that both reflect and influence societal perceptions, including gender roles within daily life. This is exemplified in the Vicks VapoRub advertisement titled "Mother's Amazing Hands," which portrays women as mothers perpetually prepared to care for their families. This study investigates the representation of the mother's role within the aforementioned advertisement using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The research aims to twofold: 1) identify the denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings embedded within the Vicks VapoRub "Mother's Amazing Hands" ad; and 2) analyze the portrayal of the mother figure through the lens of Barthes' semiotic framework. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing Barthes' semiotic analysis method alongside concepts of social construction of reality, cinematography techniques, and the societal role of mothers. Through the analysis of verbal, non-verbal, audio, and visual elements within the advertisement, the study revealed the multifaceted representation of the mother's role. This includes functions of caregiving, nurturing, and treatment of family members, ultimately portraying the tangible actions a mother takes in providing for her family.

The rise in sea levels caused by climate change has compelled island nations such as Kiribati to implement strategic policies, including climate adaptation, to address its impacts. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with an analytical framework grounded in the theories of human security and ecofeminism to assess the effects of climate change adaptation strategies on women in Kiribati. Climate change has affected every aspect of human security—from economic conditions to personal safety—posing layered and disproportionate challenges for women, who often bear primary responsibility within the household. The study finds that women are not merely victims but also agents of change and drivers of climate adaptation through advocacy rooted in their lived experiences and environmental knowledge. This research underscores the importance of inclusive, participatory, and gender-just adaptation policies. Only through such approaches can climate crisis responses foster truly sustainable resilience across all sectors of society.

Physical activity is essential for optimizing human health. According to the WHO, more than a quarter of the world's adult population (1.4 billion people) is inactive in physical activity, and this figure increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivity is one of the risk factors causing NCDs. According to the Ministry of Health, NCDs cause the deaths of 41 million people (71% of global deaths) every year, and physically active has been shown to reduce the incidence of NCDs and can increase body muscle mass as an indicator. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work, gender, age, and physical activity with muscle mass in the people of Uteunkot Village, Lhokseumawe.This non- experimental study used a cross-sectional approach with a total sample of 94 samples obtained by the accidental sampling technique. Physical activity data were obtained with the 2003 IPAQ questionnaire, and the percentage of muscle mass was measured using the Tanita BC-730 scale. The results showed that the majority of respondents between the ages of 17-25, working as Civil Servants/BUMN/ BUMD, doing moderate physical activity, have a normal percentage of muscle mass, while women have low muscle mass. The conclusion of this study is that there has been no proven relationship between physical activity and muscle mass, However, a significant relationship with a strong correlation was found between sex and muscle mass in the people of Uteunkot Village, Lhokseumawe.

Modern women face layered complexities of challenges in navigating life in the contemporary era. Through an in-depth analysis of the character Hana as a representation of contemporary women, this article explores the dynamics of internal struggles encompassing aspects of hope, psychological trauma, and the search for spiritual meaning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with narrative analysis to understand the psychosocial phenomena experienced by urban Indonesian women. The research results show that modern women experience a continuous dilemma between social expectations, personal aspirations, and spiritual needs, which is reflected in the life journey of the character Hana. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the construction of Indonesian women's identity in the 21st century.

Oxidative stress is caused by regular smoking. If oxidative stress is higher than the level of antioxidants, there is said to be oxidative stress. SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes in the plasma help to reduce the harm caused by oxidative stress. This study aimed to discover if smoking regularly had any impact on the enzymes found in adults. A total of 120 people, with 60 chronic smokers and 60 nonsmokers, took part in the study and each group of 60 had equal numbers of men and women. All donors of blood and plasma had their levels of SOD, CAT and GPx checked using regular spectrophotometric procedures. I carried out the analysis using SPSS software version 26.0. The levels of SOD (1.82 ± 0.29 U/mL), CAT (31.5 ± 4.8 IU/mL) and GPx (3.21 ± 0.52 IU/mL) were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. The gender levels showed the same effect on the study results as the smoking levels and did not interact with one another. Generally, regular smoking can decrease the amount of this enzyme working in plasma, so the body becomes less able to protect itself from oxidation for both men and women. It indicates that smoking leads to a health issue and advises taking actions to decrease risks for smokers.  

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) abroad often face various social, legal, and cultural challenges that can increase their vulnerability in everyday life. One effort to minimize these vulnerabilities is through the establishment of regional community organizations as a platform for solidarity, advocacy, and cultural identity preservation. This community service activity aims to assist in the formation of the Ikatan Warga Ponorogo di Hong Kong (IWPH) — an association of PMI from Ponorogo working in Hong Kong. The methods employed include community needs assessment, facilitation of organizational meetings, formulation of organizational statutes and bylaws, and basic community-based advocacy training. The results of this activity showed high enthusiasm among PMI from Ponorogo to participate in this community as a forum for sharing information, social protection, and preserving regional cultural traditions abroad. Moreover, IWPH has begun to actively voice issues faced by PMI, such as overcharging, gender-based violence, and unclear employment contracts. The establishment of IWPH is expected to serve as a model for strengthening social networks and advocacy based on regional community groups, enhancing the bargaining power of Indonesian migrant workers abroad. This activity also reflects the contribution of higher education institutions in supporting the protection and empowerment of Indonesian migrant workers in various destination countries.

From past to present, masculinity has continuously shaped how men are expected to behave in society, especially in adolescence. The television series Adolescence highlights these expectations by portraying different male characters in their daily interactions, reflecting how masculinity operates in real life. This study aims to explore the types of masculinity displayed in the series based on R.W. Connell’s theory (2005), which classifies masculinity into hegemonic, complicit, subordinate, and marginalized types. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method to examine social realities through selected dialogues and scenes. The findings reveal that hegemonic masculinity (64%) is the most frequently represented form, where dominance, toughness, and emotional restraint are highlighted as masculine ideals. Subordinate masculinity (27%) follows, showing that expressions such as emotional openness or queerness are still viewed as less masculine. Marginalized masculinity (9%) appears in contexts involving race and class, while complicit masculinity (5%) is rarely shown, suggesting that most characters either fully embody or struggle against dominant norms. The data shows how the media continues to uphold hegemonic masculinity while only subtly acknowledging its alternatives, offering insight into the gender dynamics experienced by teenage boys today.