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Business expansion is a strategic step undertaken by companies to increase profitability while broadening their market reach. Hoka Hoka Bento (HokBen) is one of the companies that consistently implements this strategy. This study aims to identify potential locations for new HokBen outlets in Depok City by utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. Several parameters were considered, including proximity to commercial and entertainment centers, competitors, educational facilities, public facilities, road networks, population density, banking services, hotels, offices, residential areas, hospitals, existing stores, and places of worship. The analysis was conducted using Euclidean Distance, Buffering, Reclassification, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority weights of each criterion. These weights were then integrated through the Weighted Overlay technique to produce a location suitability map. The findings reveal that the most influential factors are commercial and entertainment buildings (0.101), road networks (0.099), and educational facilities (0.092). The resulting suitability map highlights potential areas across Depok City, particularly in zones close to community activity centers. The results demonstrate that GIS-based multicriteria analysis is effective for mapping location suitability and identifying strategic zones for expansion. Therefore, this research contributes to supporting the company’s strategic decision-making through data-driven approaches while also enriching the academic field of business geography and urban planning. In addition, the outcomes can be applied as a reference model for other fast-food chains or retail industries planning spatially optimized expansion strategies in highly competitive urban environments.

Indonesia is a country with high lightning strike intensity, making lightning protection systems critically important, especially for public infrastructure such as Light Rail Transit (LRT). This research aims to analyze the lightning protection system implemented in the Jakarta LRT Phase 1B Project, particularly in the station areas and railway lines. The methods used include field observation, literature study, interviews, and technical analysis using the rolling sphere method, protective angle method, and mesh method to determine the coverage of protected areas. In addition, an evaluation of the grounding system was conducted to ensure the safe discharge of lightning currents into the earth. The analysis results show that the lightning protection system applied complies with PUIPP and IEC 62305-1 standards and is capable of protecting signaling and telecommunication equipment from lightning risks. The combination of the three protection methods provides comprehensive coverage for LRT structures. The grounding system design also meets the standard resistance requirement (< 5 Ohms), ensuring operational safety and protecting critical equipment. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of integrating lightning protection with other safety systems such as fire protection and electrical surge protection, as lightning can cause cascading failures that disrupt railway operations. Proper maintenance and periodic testing of grounding resistance are also necessary to ensure long-term reliability. In addition, the Faraday cage principle applied to train cars contributes to passenger safety by preventing lightning currents from penetrating the cabin interior. This research is expected to serve as a reference for developing lightning protection systems in similar infrastructure projects, especially in regions with high lightning density. By applying international standards and comprehensive protection methods, the Jakarta LRT demonstrates how modern urban transportation can operate safely despite extreme weather risks.

Desa Kareo, Serang Regency, faces environmental challenges due to the dominance of industrial activities, resulting in a lack of green spaces and increased air temperatures. This situation prompted the implementation of a greening program as a form of community service to support the improvement of the village's environmental quality. The program was carried out using a participatory approach, involving residents in identifying critical land areas, planting seedlings (BIVIT), and post-planting maintenance. Greening efforts focused on open lands, roadside areas, and public facilities that were previously barren. The results showed an improvement in the visual comfort of the environment, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in preserving the plants. These findings confirm that locally collaborative greening initiatives have significant potential to restore environmental quality, especially in areas heavily impacted by industrial activities. Reforestation efforts focused on previously barren open spaces, roadsides, and public facilities. These previously unproductive lands now serve as green spaces that provide ecological benefits, such as carbon sequestration and improved air quality. Furthermore, tree planting has a positive impact on lowering local temperatures, a crucial issue given the increasing temperature levels associated with urbanization and industrial activity. The reforestation program demonstrated significant improvements in environmental visual comfort, a reduction in barren areas, and increased community participation in caring for the planted plants. The community members involved in the program demonstrated a sense of ownership of their environment and a commitment to maintaining the sustainability of the planted plants. These findings confirm that reforestation initiatives involving local collaboration have significant potential to restore environmental quality, particularly in areas impacted by industrial activity. With this program, it is hoped that the quality of life of the Kareo Village community will improve as the ecological balance in the area is maintained.

In the digital era, the internet has become a primary necessity for people in both urban and rural areas, driving the development of wireless networks such as Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) that connect nodes in a multi-hop, self-organizing manner. WMNs offer advantages including flexibility, resilience, automatic configuration, self-healing capabilities, and cost efficiency, making them suitable for various sectors, including industry, residential areas, offices, and education. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review on wireless networks and Mesh topology. Descriptive analysis is conducted to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and operational mechanisms of Mesh topology. The findings indicate that implementing Mesh topology in wireless networks provides reliable, flexible, and fault-tolerant connectivity, as each node can function as both a router and a data transmitter/receiver. Although installation is complex and requires numerous cables or ports, Mesh topology remains an effective solution to the limitations of conventional wired and wireless networks. Its advantages in redundancy, security, and scalability make Mesh topology a viable primary choice for the development of modern networks.

Traditional markets play a central role in the local economic system and the social life of communities, particularly in Medan City. However, the dynamics of urbanization, competition from modern retail, and changes in consumer behavior have posed significant challenges to their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the strategic location of traditional markets and their economic performance using a mixed-methods approach and spatial analysis. The research focuses on six traditional markets in Medan City: Petisah Market, Sukaramai Market, Beruang Market, Ikan Lama Market, Sei Sikambing Market, and Pringgan Market. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively and correlationally, while qualitative data were gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews to interpret the socio-spatial context of each market. The key variables include accessibility, commodity diversity, and environmental comfort, which are linked to economic performance indicators such as visitor numbers, buyer loyalty, and sales stability. The results show that Petisah, Pringgan, and Ikan Lama Markets scored highest in these variables and demonstrated better economic performance. Correlation analysis identified commodity diversity as the most influential factor on economic performance, followed by environmental quality and accessibility. To strengthen the analysis, a SWOT model was also applied to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by traditional markets. This analysis reveals that the primary strengths of the markets lie in their location and social interaction, while the main challenges stem from a lack of modern management and pressure from digital markets. This study recommends development strategies based on local advantages, infrastructure modernization, market information digitalization, and cultural promotion as steps to sustainably enhance the competitiveness of traditional markets amid urban spatial changes.

Sidewalks are a crucial element of urban infrastructure that support pedestrian mobility. However, on Jalan Dr. Mansyur, Medan Selayang, sidewalk conditions present various problems, such as damaged surfaces, a lack of accessibility facilities, and the presence of street vendors occupying the lanes. This study aims to analyze the impact of sidewalk quality on pedestrian activity by examining three main factors: the physical condition of the sidewalk, environmental safety, and accessibility. Using a mixed methods approach, the sample for the quantitative approach was taken using a stratified random sampling method with a total of 150 respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software, while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that sidewalk accessibility had the strongest relationship with pedestrian activity (correlation coefficient 0.72), followed by the physical condition of the sidewalk (0.68) and environmental safety (0.55). Minimal accessibility factors, such as the lack of special lanes for the disabled, proved to be the main obstacle to pedestrian activity. In addition, the damaged physical condition of the sidewalk and the use of sidewalks for activities that are not in accordance with their function further reduce user comfort. Based on these findings, key recommendations include physical improvements to sidewalks with regard to the principles of universal accessibility, including the addition of dedicated lanes for the disabled, repair of damaged surfaces, and reconfiguration of spaces to discourage use by street vendors. The government needs to ensure adequate street lighting to improve user safety. The public is expected to maintain the function of sidewalks by utilizing them according to their intended purpose, while future researchers are advised to explore the impact of sidewalk improvements on broader social and economic aspects, as well as consider the integration of technology in sidewalk design and management. The conclusion of this study is the need for collaborative action between the government, the community, and other relevant parties to create inclusive sidewalk infrastructure that supports active mobility.

Background: Stroke is a health condition that significantly impacts quality of life and causes physical and mental disability, as well as death, in both productive and elderly individuals. The loss of bodily functions in stroke patients can hinder productivity and reduce the fulfillment of ADL (Activities of Daily Living). Dependence in ADL is the inability to perform all or some activities and the need for assistance from others. The high incidence of stroke in patients and its role as a leading cause of disability makes it difficult for stroke patients to perform daily activities, causing mental and emotional disturbances, reducing productivity and quality of life. The loss of independence and mobility in stroke patients necessitates family support, as they play a crucial role in the care and rehabilitation of their loved ones. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and the fulfillment of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. Methods: This study employed a correlational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. A purposive sampling technique was used for the sample, employing 89 respondents. Data analysis used the Spearman rank sum. Results: The Spearman rank sum analysis yielded a ρ value of 0.000, less than 0.05, and an r value of 0.827 (very strong). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a very strong relationship between family support and the fulfillment of daily needs (ADL) in stroke patients at Sunan Kalijaga Regional General Hospital, Demak.

Waste management has become an increasingly complex environmental issue, particularly in urban areas and densely populated settlements. The lack of public awareness in disposing of waste properly has caused numerous negative impacts, including soil and water pollution, flooding due to clogged drainage systems, reduced environmental aesthetics, and the spread of infectious diseases. These conditions indicate that the waste problem is not merely a technical issue of collection and disposal, but also strongly related to people’s behavior and environmental awareness. Therefore, a simple, practical, and effective approach is required to encourage behavioral change in daily life. One alternative solution is through visual education by using waste signboards that display educational and persuasive messages. These signboards are installed in strategic locations to serve as direct reminders for residents to care more about environmental cleanliness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste education signboards in improving community understanding and discipline in waste disposal practices. The methods applied included counseling sessions, participatory discussions with residents, designing communicative and attractive signboards, and installing them in high-traffic areas such as main roads, schools, worship places, and public spaces. The results of the activity indicated an increase in public knowledge regarding the impacts of waste, active participation in maintaining cleanliness, and a significant reduction in littering behavior around the areas where the signboards were installed. Furthermore, residents gave positive feedback and expressed their willingness to expand the initiative by adding more signboards in other locations as part of sustainable action. In conclusion, educational signboards proved to be an effective, low-cost, and practical medium to raise community awareness. Beyond delivering environmental messages, the signboards also helped strengthen collective commitment among residents to create a clean, healthy, and sustainable living environment.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that is currently a major public health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of DM continues to increase from year to year, not only in urban areas but also increasingly found in rural areas. One factor contributing to the high number of DM cases is a lack of public awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the continued presence of many undiagnosed cases, resulting in delayed treatment. Therefore, early detection efforts and health education that can reach the community at the community level are needed. This community service program was designed to conduct random blood sugar screenings while increasing the knowledge of residents of RW 15 Kalibaru regarding the prevention and control of DM. The activity was carried out on August 24, 2025, involving 21 participants, most of whom were from adults to the elderly. The activity method consisted of two main stages: checking blood sugar levels using a glucometer and a health education session on a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, and the importance of regular physical activity. The results of the activity showed that the indicators of success were well achieved. This was indicated by the orderly implementation of the examinations, a high level of participation from residents, and increased awareness of the dangers of DM among participants. From the examination results, most participants had normal blood sugar levels, but several people were found with blood sugar levels above the normal limit who required medical follow-up.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

This study aims to examine the influence of product quality, price, and promotion on consumer purchase decisions of Compass shoes through the Shopee application in South Jakarta. The research was motivated by the rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia, particularly among urban consumers who are digitally literate and highly responsive to marketing stimuli. A total of 100 respondents were selected using a non-probability sampling method with an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires measured on a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The findings reveal that product quality, price, and promotion each have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Product quality was identified as a key determinant that enhances consumer trust through durability, comfort, and authentic design, while price competitiveness supports perceived fairness and affordability in a highly competitive digital marketplace. Promotion emerged as the strongest factor, demonstrating the effectiveness of creative digital campaigns, influencer collaborations, and flash sale programs in stimulating consumer interest and driving purchases. These results highlight the importance of integrating product excellence with strategic pricing and innovative promotional activities to influence purchase behavior, especially among Gen Z and millennial consumers. From a theoretical perspective, this study enriches the literature on digital marketing and consumer behavior in the context of local brands competing in online marketplaces. Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for Compass and other local SMEs to formulate effective marketing strategies that align with consumer expectations and strengthen competitiveness in the dynamic e-commerce ecosystem.

Urban riverbank areas are strategic spaces that hold ecological, social, cultural, and economic significance. In Pematang Siantar City, the Bah Bolon River has the potential to be developed as a sustainable urban ecotourism corridor. However, its current condition is marked by environmental degradation, infrastructure limitations, and poor spatial utilization. This study aims to identify development strategies that integrate environmental conservation, community-based tourism, and urban revitalization through placemaking and sustainable planning. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach focusing on the Bah Bolon River area in Pematang Siantar City. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, documentation review, and literature studies. The analysis involved descriptive mapping, SWOT analysis, community preference surveys, and land suitability assessments. Findings revealed that three key river segments—RINDAM I/BB area, Jalan Diponegoro–Jalan Jenderal Sudirman corridor, and the Quan Im Temple zone—exhibit varying levels of potential for ecotourism, cultural heritage, and public green space development. Key issues include pollution, informal land use, weak coordination, and insufficient infrastructure. Development opportunities include white-water rafting, thematic parks, spiritual reflection gardens, and creative economic zones. The study proposes an integrated riverbank development strategy, encompassing spatial zoning, ecological restoration, tourism infrastructure, community empowerment, and regional branding. It recommends the establishment of a multi-sector management agency, master planning, and cross-stakeholder collaboration to transform Bah Bolon River into a sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban corridor.

A 60-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of numbness in both legs, which had been experienced for the past two years and had worsened over the last three months. This complaint was accompanied by persistent fatigue, even without engaging in strenuous physical activity. In addition, the patient reported frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia), and excessive thirst that had occurred for the past five years. The patient denied symptoms such as fever or disturbances in bowel movements. Regarding his medical history, the patient regularly consumed Glimepiride as part of his treatment for diabetes mellitus. Primary data were obtained through auto-anamnesis and physical examination during a home visit. During the visit, the family physician also completed the family folder and patient records to comprehensively document the patient’s health condition. Case assessment was carried out based on an initial holistic diagnosis, followed by continuous monitoring and final evaluation using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The interventions provided included health education for the patient and his family regarding the causes and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. The physician also emphasized lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a balanced diet, engaging in light but regular physical activity, and maintaining adherence to prescribed medication. Furthermore, the patient was educated on the long-term management of diabetes mellitus and the importance of regular medical check-ups. The family physician also explained the potential complications that could arise, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, so that the patient would be more compliant with treatment and preventive efforts. This comprehensive approach was expected to improve the patient’s quality of life while preventing further disease progression.

Mikrotrans Jaklingko is one of the public transportation modes managed by PT Transjakarta and is designed as an alternative solution to meet the daily mobility needs of urban communities. Unlike conventional public minibuses (angkot), the Mikrotrans service operates with stricter regulations, such as fixed routes, designated stops, and more orderly service management. The program aims to encourage people to shift from using private vehicles to public transportation while improving user comfort and satisfaction in the Jakarta metropolitan area. This study specifically analyzes the influence of service quality and facilities on user satisfaction with the Mikrotrans Jaklingko service. The research employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through field observations and questionnaires distributed to 100 active Mikrotrans users. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS through a series of tests, including validity, reliability, classical assumption testing, coefficient analysis, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing using both t-tests and F-tests. The findings reveal that service quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction. Furthermore, the available facilities, such as vehicle comfort, safety, and the adequacy of supporting infrastructure, also have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction levels. Simultaneously, both independent variables contribute significantly to enhancing user satisfaction. These results highlight that improving service quality and facilities should be a strategic priority to ensure greater comfort for the public when using Mikrotrans. Ultimately, these improvements will strengthen government efforts to encourage a transition from private vehicles to public transportation in Jakarta, thereby supporting sustainable urban mobility.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis require effective and adaptive coping mechanisms to manage both the physical and psychological stress experienced during treatment. Inadequate or maladaptive coping strategies may result in physiological disturbances and heightened emotional distress, ultimately reducing the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to analyze the relationship between coping mechanisms and anxiety levels among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. A total of 35 respondents were recruited using purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria, including diagnosis of CKD and ongoing hemodialysis treatment. The study was conducted in the hemodialysis unit of RSUI Harapan Anda, Tegal, in 2025. Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires, while statistical analysis utilized the Pearson Chi-Square test. Results indicated a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), confirming a statistically significant association between coping mechanisms and anxiety levels. Patients who employed adaptive coping strategies demonstrated lower levels of anxiety, whereas those relying on maladaptive strategies experienced heightened anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of targeted nursing interventions that focus on strengthening adaptive coping skills to reduce psychological burden. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for comprehensive patient education and structured psychosocial support programs to promote resilience, improve coping capacity, and enhance overall psychological well-being in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

Menopause is a natural biological transition that often presents with health issues such as anxiety, sleep disturbances, and mood changes, which may negatively affect women’s quality of life. With the growing number of women entering menopause worldwide, including in Indonesia, effective interventions are needed to help them adapt positively. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of psychoeducation on anxiety levels among premenopausal women in the working area of the Jaboi Community Health Center, Sabang City. A quantitative quasi-experimental pre–post design without a control group was employed. The study involved 60 premenopausal women selected through purposive random sampling from a population of 146. The intervention, conducted from May 16 to June 10, 2025, consisted of structured psychoeducational sessions designed to increase knowledge and coping abilities related to menopause. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results showed that the mean anxiety score decreased significantly from 20.13 (moderate category) before the intervention to 18.17 after the intervention (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that psychoeducation effectively reduces anxiety and enhances preparedness among premenopausal women. It is therefore recommended that routine psychoeducational counseling be integrated into primary healthcare services as a promotive effort to support women in facing menopause in a healthier and more confident manner.

Development study of the planning strategy of the Lumpue Beach tourism area located in Parepare City, South Sulawesi. The main focus of the study is to identify existing attractions, infrastructure conditions, and apply development planning strategies with a SWOT approach. Lumpue Beach is a coastal area that has interesting ecological and aesthetic values, but has not been exploited as a tourist destination. The approach used in this study is qualitative descriptive, which is complemented by quantitative data obtained through surveys, interviews, secondary as well as primary data from the concerned institutions. The analysis shows that Lumpue Beach has great potential with its ecological, natural beauty, local culture, and easy access. Its notable weaknesses include: lack of supporting facilities, environmental cleanliness, and absence of government and private sector coordination to plan the development of the area. As for the opportunity for increased interest in marine tourism, as a strategic area of Parepare City, there is also the support of local tourism agencies, such as Pokdarwis. Then the threats that must be addressed, including: environmental pollution and exploitation of areas there is no coordination of government and private parties. of this study include the sustainable and integrated development of Pipda and the urban spatial plan of Parepare, the improvement of facilities and infrastructure, the involvement of local communities, as well as the promotion of Panatai Tourism destination through digital platforms. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the City government and stakeholders in planning sustainable Lumpue Beach tourism area development strategies integrated with Parepare municipal regulations.

Craniotomy is a medical procedure to open the skull in order to repair and assess damage to the brain, which can cause fever due to thermoregulatory disturbances in the central nervous system. Monitoring the body temperature of post-craniotomy patients is crucial, as hyperthermia can increase the risk of complications. One non-pharmacological therapy to reduce fever is the use of ice gel compresses. This study aims to compare the effect of ice gel compress placement between the chest and armpit on body temperature changes in post-craniotomy patients in the ICU of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This research uses a pre-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design, involving 22 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets, and statistical analysis was performed using the Paired Samples Test. The analysis results showed that the p-value for the chest was 0.867 (p > 0.05) and for the armpit was 0.199 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant difference in body temperature before and after the ice gel compress at both locations in relation to the body temperature changes of post-craniotomy patients. In conclusion, the application of ice gel compresses to the chest and armpit locations did not show a significant effect on reducing body temperature in post-craniotomy patients.

Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban development, playing a crucial role in supporting ecological balance, providing shade, producing oxygen, and absorbing pollution. It also serves as a social and cultural space for the community. The neighborhood park located along the banks of the Deli River on Ileng Street, Medan Marelan District, represents a concrete example of this issue. The current condition of Ileng Park reflects a decline in its quality as a green open space. This study aims to identify existing problems in terms of the park's physical condition, functionality, and user activities. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in a case study framework, with data collected from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis is conducted using a rationalistic site analysis method. The findings indicate that the community perceives a need for the revitalization of the park to enhance comfort, attractiveness, and the implementation of the Islamic Garden Concept, which is considered appropriate for restoring the park’s function as a green open space.

Elderly individuals are a group vulnerable to sleep disorders, with over 50% of them reporting a decline in sleep quality. Sleep disturbances in the elderly can affect their quality of life, which in turn impacts their physical and mental health. One non-pharmacological intervention considered safe, simple, and effective for improving sleep quality in the elderly is foot soaking in warm water. This study aims to evaluate the effect of foot soaking in warm water on the sleep quality of elderly individuals in the working area of Slawi Health Center. The research design used was pre-experimental with a one-group pre-test post-test design. A total of 34 elderly participants were selected using total sampling technique. The intervention consisted of soaking feet in warm water at a temperature of 37°C–39°C for 10 minutes before sleep, conducted for three consecutive days. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using Paired Sample T-test for normally distributed data. The results showed that the average sleep quality score before the intervention was 10.12, which decreased to 7.85 after the intervention. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean scores before and after the intervention with a significance value of 0.0001. This indicates that foot soaking in warm water significantly impacts the improvement of sleep quality in the elderly. This intervention can be recommended as an effective, practical, and easy-to-implement independent nursing action to improve sleep quality in the elderly. Based on these findings, foot soaking in warm water can be a good option to improve sleep quality in the elderly, especially in community healthcare services.