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The Garryaceae family is referred to as one of the Cornaceae groups or dicotyledonous plants. Garrya is an evergreen shrub or small tree that bears male flowers. Garraceae is also a shrub that contains alkaloids. Aucuba japonica or what is often referred to as Japanese Laurel is a shrub with unique colored leaves that have spots. Research on the Garryaceae family is still rare, therefore researchers conducted research on the Garryaceae family, especially on the Aucuba japonica species. This research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of the leaves and stems of Aucuba japonica in the Cibiru District area, Bandung City, especially at the Biological Gardens of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. This analysis was carried out using exploration methods and literature studies related to Aucuba japonica. The research results showed that there were 37 Aucuba japonica species in the biological garden area of ​​UIN Sunang Gunung Djati Bandung. The characteristic shape of the leaves is oval or elliptical with tapered or blunt tips. The edges of the leaves have a serrated or curved shape with wavy edges. The base of the leaves is round or tapered. The arrangement of the leaves has pinnate veins that branch and spread throughout the leaf blade. the flesh of the leaves is thick and leathery. The surface of the leaves is shiny and smooth, while the stem has woody characteristics (lignosus), the surface of the stem is rough and has a hard texture. Aucuba japonica stems have sympodial branching.

This research was motivated by the students' perceived low ability in learning to write response texts. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in learning to write response texts to fiction reading.  Actions were taken by implementing the mobile legend online game hero story text media in learning to write response texts for fiction reading. This research used a Class Action Research (PTK) design which was carried out over 2 cycles. The subjects in this research were students in class VII-I of SMPN 4 Madiun for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 32 students, consisting of 16 male students and 16 female students. The data in the research were taken through response text writing skills tests and learning observations. The data obtained was then analyzed using comparative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results showed that the ability to write response texts to fiction reading increased. This is proven by the increase in student learning outcomes from the pre-cycle stage to the second cycle stage. The percentage of students' learning completeness increased successively, namely 33%; 56%; and 83%. The average score obtained by students also increases with each lesson. The average increase in students' grades sequentially in each cycle is 51.25; 65.3; and 80.7

This research aims to utilize Canva learning media to improve learning outcomes for class VII C SMPN 4 Madiun on response text material. This research is a Class Action research (PTK) showing the effectiveness of the Canva media in improving students' learning completion results in the Pre-Cycle, Cycle I and Cycle II phases. It was found that student learning outcomes in diagnostic assessments only reached 3% and 9% increased to 90% when the application of Canva media was combined with a content differentiation and product differentiation approach. The data collection technique uses document analysis in the form of learning results of class VII C students at SMPN 4 Madiun which went through a validity test by the Indonesian language subject teacher. So the use of Canva learning media in response text material has been proven to improve student learning outcomes.

This research aims to explore the hermeneutical thought patterns of the Koran; Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature analysis. The research results show that the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method developed by Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin is a development of various previous interpretive theories with no genuinely new elements. The proposed methodology must be more thorough, and the solutions and proposals are still general and ambiguous. Criticism of classical ulama's thinking is more dominant, and the absence of the word "Hermeneutical Tafsir of the Koran" shows that this method is impractical and can only be applied in a limited way. The implication is that this hermeneutics is unsuitable for studying the Koran because it can cause confusion and doubt. This approach is based on an attitude of skepticism and relativism, which places the Koranic text on par with other texts, resulting in uncertainty in meaning and interpretation that is relative and temporary. The use of the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method can result in the deconstruction of Islamic laws in the Koran and disrupt the structure of Islamic epistemology.

The location where the research was carried out was SMA Negeri 8 Medan, which is on Jl. Pandau Hulu II, Sampali No. 23 Medan City District, Medan Area, North Sumatra, 20233 This study was carried out in June 2024. Through descriptive research, this study examines students' writing abilities in procedure text material. 34 SMA Negeri 8 Medan class XI students participated in this research. According to the findings of this study, the procedure text's content received an average score of 26.32 out of 100, placing it in the Good category at 75.21 percent. The number then was 825 for the procedural text structure aspect, with an excellent percentage of 80.88 percent and an average score of 24.26. The number is 1001 for the semantic part of procedural texts with a typical score of 29.44 and an excellent level of 84.12%. 2. According to KKM 75, the ability to write procedural texts is demonstrated by the fact that 27 students (79.41 percent) have completed the Indonesian Language KKM and 7 students (20.59 percent) have not completed the Indonesian Language KKM. 3. In view of the examination of achievement rates, the capacity to compose methodology texts of 16 understudies (47.06%) was in the excellent class, trailed by 15 understudies (44.12%) in the great class, 3 individuals (8.82%) in the great class. moderate, 0 understudies (0%), and 0 understudies (0%) in the unfortunate class.

This study aims to identify the length of storage and consumer acceptance of complementary foods, namely chili sauce matah which has been given a percentage of mayonnaise as much as 10%, 20% and 30%. And this fusion food chili sauce is called mayo-matah. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. This research was conducted at Kitcheroo Café. The samples of this study were 4 Culinary Education Expert Panelists and 30 Kitcheroo Cafe Customers using the data statistical analysis method, namely the Friedman test. The Friedmen test is used because the data in this study are categorical and it is more appropriate to use non-parametric statistical tests. seen all aspects (lemongrass aroma, citrus leaf aroma, creamy texture, acidity level and spiciness level) and aspects of the level of preference for consumer acceptance. The results of the validation test stated that there was an influence on the creamy texture aspect and the level of spiciness in the mayo-matah sauce which was given a percentage of mayonnaise as much as 10%, 20%, and 30%.    

Folklore is not only part of a region's cultural heritage, but also carries moral messages that are valuable for character education. One of the folk tales that is rich in artistic values ​​and character education is the legend of Patih Sampun from Pemalang Regency. This article aims to explore and analyze the artistic, cultural and character education values ​​contained in these folk tales. The research method used is analysis of the Patih Sampun folklore text based on aspects of narrative art, character traits and the moral message conveyed. The results of the analysis show that Patih Sampun's folklore contains various artistic values, such as the use of distinctive language, depictions of nature and local culture, as well as interesting plot developments. Apart from that, Patih Sampun's character as the main character shows qualities such as courage, wisdom and loyalty, which is a good example for character formation for the younger generation. The meaning implied in this article includes the importance of using folklore as a learning resource to educate children's character. By understanding the values ​​of art and character education contained in the Patih Sampun folklore, educators can integrate the story into the character education curriculum at school. This will help strengthen local cultural identity and shape strong character and integrity in future generations.

The application of the VARK (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic) model in classroom management is a strategy that can offer a more inclusive and effective approach to increasing student achievement. This research aims to explore how the use of the VARK model can improve students' learning experiences and academic performance. The research method used is a literature study, involving analysis of various relevant sources regarding the VARK concept and its application in education. The research results show that by understanding various learning preferences, educators can design learning experiences that better suit students' individual needs. Through the application of various learning strategies, such as the use of pictures and diagrams for visual students, group discussions for auditory students, reading and writing assignments for students who prefer to learn through text, as well as practical activities or experiments for kinesthetic students, students can be more involved in learning and gain a deeper understanding. This research also emphasizes the importance of flexibility in teaching, adapting to changes in student learning preferences, and evaluating the effectiveness of the learning strategies used. Although the VARK model has the advantage of providing guidance for inclusive teaching, it is important to remember that students' learning preferences may change and that various factors also influence their academic performance.

Constitution comes from the English Contitution, or the Dutch Contitute, which means basic law. The meaning of constitution in constitutional practice can generally mean that first it is broader than basic law because the meaning of basic law only includes written constitutions in cases still there is an unwritten constitution that is not included in the constitution. Both have the same meaning as the constitution because they only contain written rules. The role of the constitution and the 1945 Constitution in the context of the modern era. The constitution is a document that regulates the structure of government, individual rights, and the relationship between the government and the people. The 1945 Constitution as the Indonesian constitution has a long history and has undergone various changes in adapting to current developments. This article will also discuss the implications of the 1945 Constitution in facing modern challenges such as technology, human rights and globalization. Constitutional research methodology involves a multidisciplinary approach that combines legal, historical, and sociopolitical perspectives. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of constitutional principles and their implications in modern times. The study of constitutional law often involves analysis of legal texts, historical context, legal interpretation, and social impact to gain a holistic view of constitutional provisions and their application.

The purpose of this study is to 1) find out the values of character education in the novel "ordinary people" by Andrea Hirata 2) find out the relevance of the character education value of the novel "ordinary people" in the learning of short stories. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. Data collection in this study uses a literature technique with content analysis. Some of the steps to collect data in the novel Ordinary People, 1) The researcher reads the novel as a whole carefully, 2) Records or marks words and sentences related to the formulation of the problem, such as the structure of the novel, as well as sentences that show the values of character education, and 3) Identifies the values of character education contained in this novel. The results of this research found 5 values of character educators, namely honesty, discipline, hard work, independence, and democracy. From the results of the above analysis, 10 analysis data were found. The results of this study can be relevant to the learning of short story texts contained in KD 3.5 Identifying the elements that build literary works in short story texts that are read or heard and can affect the formation of student character in accordance with the strengthening of the Pancasila student profile that applies to the Independent curriculum.      

The purpose of this study is to 1) find out the values of character education in the novel "ordinary people" by Andrea Hirata 2) find out the relevance of the character education value of the novel "ordinary people" in the learning of short stories. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. Data collection in this study uses a literature technique with content analysis. Some of the steps to collect data in the novel Ordinary People, 1) The researcher reads the novel as a whole carefully, 2) Records or marks words and sentences related to the formulation of the problem, such as the structure of the novel, as well as sentences that show the values of character education, and 3) Identifies the values of character education contained in this novel. The results of this research found 5 values of character educators, namely honesty, discipline, hard work, independence, and democracy. From the results of the above analysis, 10 analysis data were found. The results of this study can be relevant to the learning of short story texts contained in KD 3.5 Identifying the elements that build literary works in short story texts that are read or heard and can affect the formation of student character in accordance with the strengthening of the Pancasila student profile that applies to the Independent curriculum.      

Corn and cattle are the main commodities in dry land farming in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with corn as a food source and cattle as a source of income. This province has vast dry land potential, namely 1,734,488 H, but its utilization is still less than optimal. The Cattle Harvest Corn Planting Program (TJPS) was launched to increase corn production, cattle population and farmer welfare.This research analyzes the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP) in Manusak Village, Kupang Regency, and the factors that influence it, as well as examining government policies in supporting the efficiency of the corn-cattle farming system. Qualitative methods through interviews, observations and text analysis are used to understand farmers' experiences in farming.The results show that the NTP in the Gacinda and Leselik farmer groups is different: Gacinda has a higher NTP than Leselik, which is caused by differences in corn production costs and yields. In conclusion, corn productivity and costs incurred affect farmer welfare, with high expenditures potentially reducing NTP.  

This research aims to explore the utilization of Metaverse technology within the framework of Hadith teachings and the Indonesian Law No.1 of 2024. Through a qualitative approach and content analysis of relevant texts, this study identifies key intersections between Islamic principles, legal stipulations, and the digital realm. Initial findings suggest that careful application of Metaverse technology can enhance various aspects of life while adhering to Islamic teachings and legal requirements. This study contributes to the ongoing conversation about the role of emerging technologies within religious and legal contexts

In the digital era, universities play an important role in developing policies and technology to ensure students' academic integrity. This research aims to explore and analyze holistically the contribution and effectiveness of universities in maintaining academic integrity in the digital era. The research method used is a literature review with a semi-systematic review approach, which is then expanded with bibliometric analysis using the VOSViewer tool. Of the 115 papers identified in the bibliometric analysis with the keyword “college plagiarism”, it was found that the term “plagiarism” was often associated with “student”, “college”, “academic”, and “plagiarism”. Key relevant terms include “training”, “locus of control”, “rabin-karp”, “text mining”, “hash”, “levenshtein distance algorithm”, “similarity”, and “publication”. Universities should conduct training and strengthen students' locus of control to instill integrity values. The concept of “similarity” in plagiarism detection helps maintain the originality of academic work, while “rabin-karp” and “text mining” technologies are used to recognize plagiarized text and find suspicious patterns. The “hash” concept and “Levenshtein distance algorithm” are important in maintaining academic integrity, and “publication” ensures research meets academic integrity standards. Universities leaders are responsible for preventing plagiarism by implementing code of ethics and promoting awareness and understanding within the entire academic community.

A person's reading comprehension ability is obtained from the learning process and perseverance. This research was conducted because of the need for a more in-depth analysis of students' reading comprehension abilities when learning Indonesian. This research aims to: 1) Analyze students' reading comprehension abilities; (2) Barriers faced by students in reading comprehension.  This research is qualitative research using the case study method. Data collection techniques include observation, reading comprehension tests, and interviews. Analysis techniques include reduction, data presentation, and validation. The results of the research show that: (1) The reading comprehension abilities of fifth grade elementary school students are different. (2) Some of the obstacles faced by students include limited vocabulary, difficulty in understanding the context or background of the text, difficulty in connecting new information with existing knowledge and difficulty in analyzing information and deducing the meaning of the text. (3) There are two factors that cause difficulties in reading comprehension, namely internal factors (within the student) namely interest in reading and external factors (outside the student) namely the family environment and the school environment..

The instructional design with a problem-solving approach is essential for enhancing students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in secondary education. The aim of this research is to develop an effective and measurable learning process that can improve students' HOTS through a problem-solving approach, with a particular focus on the topic of integrals, which students often find challenging. The research method used in this study is Instructional Design Development, which integrates student needs analysis, clear learning objectives, and the application of innovative and relevant instructional strategies. This research involves a comprehensive analysis of various theories and best practices in problem-based learning, as well as evaluating its effectiveness through classroom trials. The sources of information evaluated include academic journals, textbooks, and previous research reports, providing diversity and validity of data for analysis. This analysis includes the definition of HOTS, HOTS indicators investigated, and the strategies and methods commonly used in problem-solving learning. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how instructional design with problem-solving can enhance students' HOTS, particularly in understanding and mastering integral material. The results of this research are expected to significantly contribute to the development of more effective and efficient learning strategies, focusing on developing students' critical and creative thinking skills in education.

The Millennium or Millennium in a Biblical perspective is the period of Christ's reign on earth referred to in the book of Revelation. This article will discuss in depth the Biblical view of the Millennial Kingdom, including theological interpretation, implications for Christians, and relevance in the context of eschatology. Through analysis of Biblical texts, especially the book of Revelation, this article seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of this concept.

A Thesis English Education Department the Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, stkip us Kutacane.The aim of the research was to find out the ability and difficulty in writing narrative text. Writing test and Questionnaire were used as the instrument of collecting data. The subject of this research were the X of SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane Academic Year 2023/2024. The method of this research was descriptive research. Writing test and questionnaire were used as the instrument of collecting data. the subject of this research were X of SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane .The result in this test was good and the mean score was (43.45). The second meeting the researcher explain again about questionnairebefore giving the questionnaire test, the result of the questionnaire of the students got (44.54) showed the students of X of SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane were easy to writing narrative text.

Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence Crimes has become a significant milestone in the effort to combat sexual violence, especially against women, in Indonesia. In this context, this article explores the impact and implications of the law, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. Through qualitative analysis of various sources of information, including the text of the law, official reports, and related literature, this article provides a comprehensive understanding of how the law affects the protection of victims of sexual violence. The results of the analysis indicate that Law No. 12 of 2022 has increased public awareness, strengthened victim protection, and marked a cultural shift towards sexual violence.

This abstract discusses the role of Abu Hurairah's hadith in the context of handling bullying, as well as the relevance of Article 76c of 2014 in modern legal efforts. This research aims to explore the Islamic understanding of hurtful behavior and the way modern law deals with similar cases. Through a text and literature analysis approach, this study dissects Abu Hurairah's views on abusive treatment and its implications in society. Furthermore, legal analysis on Article 76c of 2014 is explored to understand the legal response to bullying. The results demonstrate the complexity of blending religious views with modern law in addressing rapidly changing social issues. The suggestions from this study highlight the need for inter-religious exchange and intrigue in defining successful arrangements in addressing the issue of oppression, incorporating instructive, legal, and social viewpoints.