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Mental health is an important aspect that supports quality of life, including a state of well-being related to happiness, satisfaction, achievement, optimism, and dynamic hope according to life situations (Fitri, 2025; Herlina et al., 2024). Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by an inability to communicate, impaired perception of reality (illusions and hallucinations), and loss of self-confidence, included in the category of psychosis (Mardiana et al., 2024). The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to find out and implement psychiatric nursing care for Mr. R, with the main problem of sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations due to schizophrenia that are not detailed in the Hudowol Room of Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Mental Hospital, Central Java Province. The method used is a descriptive approach with a case study. The case review results showed that the client heard male and female voices saying negative things and often talked to himself. The problem tree identified sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations as the core problem, accompanied by self-care deficits, social isolation, and the risk of violent behavior. Interventions are designed based on implementation strategy guidelines for clients and families, implemented, and evaluated as documented evidence

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities and social skills, an inability to care for oneself, and potential brain function impairment. One of the consequences often observed in schizophrenia patients is social isolation, where the individual is unable to interact with others around them. This study aims to assess and provide psychiatric nursing care for Sdr. A, who is experiencing the primary issue of social isolation: withdrawal due to paranoid schizophrenia at the Gatotkaca ward of RSJD dr. Gondohutomo in Central Java Province. Initial assessment of the patient revealed that Sdr. A is experiencing social isolation, particularly withdrawal from their social environment. Four nursing problems were identified, including social isolation: withdrawal, low self-esteem, sensory perception disturbances such as hallucinations, and self-care deficits. A nursing care plan was developed based on the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard , Indonesian Nursing Service Standard, and Indonesian Nursing Information System , tailored to the patient's condition at the time. The care plan includes interventions to enhance social interaction, improve self-esteem, address sensory perception disturbances, and promote self-care abilities. The nursing implementation was carried out using a holistic approach involving psychosocial support and appropriate medical therapy based on the patient’s needs. It is expected that through this approach, the patient can reduce social isolation symptoms and improve their quality of life. This study emphasizes the important role of psychiatric nursing care in addressing social issues in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and how a structured nursing care plan can support patient recovery.

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has significant potential for the utilization of renewable energy, particularly wind energy in maritime areas with low wind speeds (3–6 m/s). This study aims to design and test a vertical Savonius wind turbine system equipped with a Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm as a power source for shipboard water heating systems. The research method applied is Research and Development (R&D), integrating several components such as a DC generator, full-wave bridge rectifier, INA219 current sensor, anemometer cup sensor, ESP32 microcontroller, and a monitoring interface utilizing Google Spreadsheet and a 20x4 LCD. The system was tested under two operating conditions: without MPPT and with MPPT. The experimental results show that the application of the MPPT algorithm successfully increased power output by up to 272.64% while maintaining voltage stability despite varying wind speeds. Nevertheless, the average output power of 2.605 W remained insufficient to meet water heating requirements within a short time. For example, charging a 12V 50Ah battery would require approximately 9.6 consecutive days of operation, highlighting the system’s limitations in high-demand scenarios. Despite these constraints, the findings demonstrate that the vertical Savonius wind turbine integrated with MPPT has strong potential as a clean and environmentally friendly alternative energy solution for maritime applications, particularly for small-scale onboard electrical loads. This study contributes to renewable energy utilization in the shipping sector and provides a foundation for further technological development and optimization.

Stable temperature regulation is essential in various industries to maintain product quality and energy efficiency. This study analyzed the water temperature regulation system using PID control through MATLAB simulation and the actual implementation using Thermocontrol and PT100 sensors. In the simulation, the PID control parameters used were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 240, and Kd = 60, while the tuning results in the actual implementation were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 0.5, and Kd = 1.2. The simulation results showed that the system could reach the setpoint faster (±330 seconds), but with a high overshoot (±20.8°C). In contrast, the actual implementation shows more stable performance, with a much lower overshoot (±0.8°C) and a time to the setpoint of about ±345 seconds. These differences in performance can be influenced by environmental factors and the physical characteristics of real systems that are not fully reflected in the simulation. Although the simulation provides faster results, the actual implementation is more adaptive to changing conditions and better able to maintain temperature stability. This research can provide important insights into the development of more effective and reliable temperature control systems for industrial applications, as well as demonstrate the importance of proper tuning in PID control systems to achieve optimal performance.

The maintenance of non-aviation defense equipment (main weapon system) is a critical aspect in maintaining operational readiness. However, the Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) system in Indonesia still faces limitations due to manual reporting, inefficiency in spare parts management, and the lack of integration of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach. This study aims to design and develop the Integrated Cavalry Monitoring and Maintenance System (ICMMS) based on a web application that integrates sensors, real-time data analytics, and LCC calculation. The prototyping method was used, involving design, development, integration, and testing phases on the Maung Tactical Vehicle and Anoa Armoured Personnel Carrier at PT Pindad. The results of the prototype implementation showed a significant increase in maintenance efficiency: damage reporting time decreased from ±3 hours to ±1 minute, critical component identification became 95% faster, and maintenance scheduling shifted from reactive to predictive. Additionally, the integration of the LCC algorithm allows for more accurate maintenance cost estimation, supporting technical and strategic decision-making. This study demonstrates that ICMMS based on LCC can be an innovative digital solution to enhance MRO effectiveness and operational readiness of non-aviation defense vehicles in Indonesia. It is expected that this system will improve the resilience and cost-effectiveness of managing Indonesia’s military vehicle fleet.

The use of medicinal plants as herbal beverages has long been a part of Indonesian culture. However, the less preferred taste and aroma are obstacles to consumer acceptance. Cat's Whiskers leaves (Orthosiphon aristatus) are known to contain bioactive compounds that act as antioxidants, while Key Lime leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) have a fresh aroma and functional properties that can enhance flavor and health benefits. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding Key Lime leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) on the chemical characteristics, sensory properties, and effectiveness of brewed Cat's Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) leaf beverages.Five formulations with varying concentrations of Key Lime leaves (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were tested based on the parameters of moisture content, ash content, pH, solubility, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic tests including color, aroma, taste, and texture. The results showed that the addition of Key Lime leaves significantly improved the chemical quality and sensory acceptability, with the best formulation obtained in treatment P4 (20% Key Lime leaves + 15g Cat's Whiskers), which provided an optimal balance between stability, nutritional content, and organoleptic quality. The addition of Key Lime leaves is recommended as an innovation in the development of functional herbal beverages based on Cat's Whiskers.

Clean water distribution in the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Kuwasen Lama Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, faces the challenge of unequal supply between highland and lowland areas. The main factors that affect these conditions include differences in topography, suboptimal piping network design, and unbalanced water pressure, especially during peak hours. This research proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology using the ESP32 module as a control center, which is integrated with the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and control of the system. The system is equipped with a water flow sensor, water level sensor, motorized valve, and booster pump to increase water pressure in high elevation areas. Two design schemes were tested, namely flow regulation using a motorized valve, and a combination of a motorized valve with a booster pump. The results of the simulation and implementation showed an increase in water pressure stability, equitable distribution, and a decrease in the frequency of supply disruptions. The system also allows for live monitoring of network conditions, facilitates technical decision-making, and improves operational efficiency. With an adaptive and community participation-based approach, this solution has the potential to become a model for PAMSIMAS clean water distribution management that is efficient, sustainable, and responsive to geographical challenges, while strengthening the resilience of clean water services in rural areas.

The spice industry faces significant challenges in maintaining product weight consistency as part of quality assurance and compliance with production standards. A case at PT X revealed that a newly installed filling machine produced deviations from the target weight of 50 grams, with hypothesis testing showing that out of 30 samples, 17 samples fell outside the  confidence interval. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes the development of a real-time data-driven Decision Support sistem (DSS) combined with statistical approaches. The methodology includes two-tailed hypothesis testing to detect weight deviations and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify dominant failure causes based on high Risk Priority Numbers (RPN), such as delayed machine calibration, operator error, and worn-out machine components. These findings serve as the foundation for designing the DSS architecture, which consists of sensor input modules, statistical data processing, risk mapping, and an automated corrective recommendation engine. The sistem is designed to enable early detection of deviations, accelerate response time to quality issues, and support data-driven decision-making on the production floor. The study concludes that a structured implementation of DSS can be an effective strategy to improve product weight consistency and enhance operational efficiency in spice manufacturing.  

Purple sweet potato yogurt is a form of local food innovation made from milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the addition of purple sweet potato paste to enhance flavor and color, thereby increasing consumer appeal. During fermentation, LAB require carbon derived from carbohydrates as an energy source for their metabolism and growth. Differences in carbon sources are expected to influence and produce distinct yogurt characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various carbon sources on the characteristics of purple sweet potato yogurt. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single treatment factor: the type of carbon source. Six treatments were tested, namely: no sugar (control), granulated sugar, palm sugar, sugarcane juice, coconut sugar, and honey. The results indicated that different carbon sources caused variations in total dissolved solids, total lactic acid bacteria, total titratable acidity, and total reducing sugars. Carbon sources significantly affected titratable acidity, reducing sugar content, total dissolved solids, color, taste, and the overall sensory evaluation of purple sweet potato yogurt. The yogurt produced exhibited titratable acidity values ranging from 1.69% to 1.86%, reducing sugar content from 1.11% to 1.46%, total LAB counts from 0.28 to 89.50 × 10¹0 CFU/g, and total dissolved solids from 10.25 to 17.75 °Brix. Sensory evaluation scores ranged as follows: color preference 2.83–4.26 (dislike to like), texture 3.43–3.76 (like), aroma 3.53–3.70 (like), taste 2.67–3.70 (dislike to like), and overall acceptability 3.43–3.90 (like).

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia resulting from the body's failure to synthesize insulin. Nutritional therapy is effective in controlling glucose levels by providing low glycemic index and high in antioxidant foods, including sweet potatoes and red beans. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of wheat flour replacement with composite flour consisting of sweet potato and red bean flour on anthocyanin content and the sensory preferences of muffins. A single-factor completely randomized approach was used in this experimental investigation. The treatment involved substituting wheat flour with a composite flour consisting of sweet potato and red bean flours, in the following ratios: 30:20:50 (F1), 30:35:35 (F2), 30:50:20 (F3), and 100:0:0 (F0, control). Anthocyanin content was analyzed using the differential pH method, while sensory preferences were evaluated by 30 semi-trained panelists using a hedonic scale test. The results showed that substituting wheat flour with composite flour high in sweet potato content increased anthocyanin levels. However, the substitution of wheat flour generally reduced the overall sensory preference for muffins. Despite this, formulations with a higher proportion of sweet potato flour improved the preference scores. In conclusion, the substitution of wheat flour with composite flour rich in sweet potato increased anthocyanin content and improved sensory preferences for color, aroma, and taste in muffins

Cassava tapai is a traditional Indonesian food product produced through the fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with the help of microorganisms, particularly the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This product not only has cultural and economic value but also contains bioactive compounds with health benefits, such as probiotics and fermentation metabolites. However, the quality of cassava tapai is significantly influenced by process factors, particularly incubation time. This study aimed to analyze microbial growth and changes in the chemical properties of cassava tapai with varying fermentation times. The study was conducted using an experimental design with fermentation times of 24, 48, and 72 hours at room temperature. The main parameters observed included the number of microbial colonies (cfu/g), pH changes, and alcohol content produced during the fermentation process. The results showed that microbial growth increased significantly, peaking at 48 hours, with the highest colony count compared to other treatments. After 72 hours, the number of colonies decreased, likely due to ethanol accumulation and decreased substrate availability, which reduced microbial activity. The pH value tended to decrease with increasing fermentation time, reflecting the formation of organic acids during the process. Meanwhile, the alcohol content showed an increasing trend from the beginning to the end of fermentation, although the growth rate was relatively slower at 72 hours. These findings confirm that varying incubation length significantly influences microbial dynamics and chemical changes in cassava tapai. The optimal fermentation time is around 48 hours, as this is the phase where the balance between microbial growth, alcohol formation, and sensory characteristics is maintained. The results of this study can serve as a basis for developing standards for cassava tapai production at both household and industrial scales, while also strengthening efforts to preserve traditional foods with a modern scientific approach.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a condition characterized by muscle or fascia pain, involving sensory, motor, or autonomic functions, linked to myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Motor symptoms can include muscle weakness, limited movement, and stiffness. Sensory symptoms may involve tenderness, referred pain, hyperalgesia, or allodynia, while autonomic symptoms include sweating, changes in skin temperature, and salivation. MPS occurs due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which worsens pain. Physical therapy is vital in improving movement and function, with Active Exercise Therapy being a recommended treatment. MPS affects 36% of 431 patients, with pain intensity often developing within a week, and in Indonesia, it reaches 40% within a year. MPS is more common in females than males. Active Exercise Therapy, which can be performed at home or work, is essential for preventing MPS. On July 31, 2025, a community service activity was held at RT VIII Tanjung Mas Village, Semarang Utara, with 29 participants. The event included blood pressure checks, blood sugar tests, BMI measurements, and counseling on the importance of exercise therapy to prevent muscle fatigue, particularly in the neck area. The therapy, focusing on improving tendon and ligament strength and muscle strength, helps maintain joint stability and increase the range of motion. Strength training includes isotonic exercises and progressive resistance training, tailored to each individual's needs. The event provided education on managing muscle pain and fatigue through targeted exercise routines and home programs. These initiatives emphasize muscle recovery, physical health, and overall wellness, ensuring participants can manage and prevent MPS effectively. The event highlighted the critical role of regular physical activity in improving quality of life and preventing long-term musculoskeletal pain.

Examinations in radiology installations have increased annually, resulting in a higher risk of radiation hazards to staff, particularly in interventional, conventional X-ray, and CT-Scan environments. Furthermore, not all hospitals are equipped with radiation survey meter monitoring devices. Therefore, an innovative radiation exposure monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was developed. This study aims to: (1) develop an IoT-based radiation exposure monitoring system, (2) evaluate the device’s performance, and (3) assess the effectiveness of the system. The research method used was research and development (R&D), which included preliminary information gathering, product planning and development, expert validation, device performance testing, effectiveness testing, and final outcomes. This system was developed for real-time radiation dose monitoring.  The product development involved a Geiger-Muller M4011, an ESP32 microcontroller, and a Node-Red web application. Performance testing of the IoT-based radiation exposure monitoring device and a standard survey meter in CT-Scan and conventional X-ray rooms used the T-Test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed p-values > 0.05, indicating no significant difference between the two devices. Effectiveness testing through pre-test and post-test questionnaires demonstrated improved usability—namely flexibility, operability, learnability, and understandability—with an N-Gain value of 78.95%, indicating effectiveness. In conclusion, the IoT-based radiation exposure monitoring system proved effective and feasible for real-time radiation dose monitoring in radiology installations, offering advantages in IoT-based data integration, ease of access, and structured data recording. In addition to performance testing, the system was evaluated in terms of its integration with hospital infrastructure. It was designed to provide real-time radiation dose monitoring, automatically updating the dose data and sending alerts when safe exposure levels are exceeded. The system also enables remote monitoring, making it easier for radiology departments to oversee radiation safety without the need for direct physical checks.

The study also emphasizes the growing role of technology in enhancing the travel experience for senior citizens. With the rapid digitalization of various industries, including the travel sector, the elderly population is increasingly using mobile applications to plan and book trips. However, older adults often face challenges in adapting to new technologies due to physical, cognitive, or sensory limitations. This study’s results underscore the importance of addressing these barriers in the design of travel applications for seniors. The ease of use and perceived usefulness of these applications are not just about functional features but also about how accessible and user-friendly the design is for older users. In addition to the perceived usefulness and ease of use, it is essential for developers to consider the specific needs and preferences of senior travelers, such as larger fonts, clear navigation, and easy-to-understand instructions. Ensuring that these features are incorporated can greatly enhance the adoption of travel applications among the elderly and improve their overall experience. The findings also suggest that fostering trust and confidence in technology among older users can increase their willingness to engage with digital platforms. Furthermore, future research could explore how other factors, such as social influence or experience with technology, interact with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness to further explain seniors’ behavioral intentions toward digital travel applications. By addressing these factors, developers can create more inclusive and accessible services that cater to an aging population. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, it is crucial to ensure that seniors are not left behind, and that they can enjoy the same convenience and benefits that digital travel services offer to younger generations.

This study aims to analyze the effect of grated carrot addition on muffin quality, including aspects of shape, color, aroma, texture, and taste. Muffins are a popular bakery product due to their soft texture and varied flavors, which can be enhanced by the addition of nutritious ingredients such as carrots. Carrots are rich in vitamin A, fiber, and beta-carotene which can improve the nutritional value as well as the sensory characteristics of muffins. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) and four treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% grated carrot substitution) with three replications. Sensory quality tests and hedonic tests were conducted with untrained panelists, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that muffins with 20% grated carrot substitution had the best scores in terms of shape and aroma, while 30% substitution produced the best color, texture, and taste in the sensory quality test. The hedonic test showed that 20% substitution was most preferred for shape and color, while 30% substitution was preferred for aroma, texture, and taste. Furthermore, the addition of grated carrots to muffins not only improves the organoleptic quality but also provides additional beneficial nutritional content, such as vitamin A and fiber. This study concluded that the addition of grated carrots can improve the overall quality of muffins and recommends using a 30% substitution for optimal results, as it can enhance the aroma, taste, and texture that consumers prefer without reducing the overall quality of the muffins.

Mochi-based food products are increasingly popular in Indonesia due to their chewy texture and distinctive sweet taste, making them a popular snack among various groups. As consumer interest in mochi increases, innovation in the production process is crucial, particularly in the selection of liquid ingredients as one of the main components. The use of different liquids has the potential to affect the organoleptic characteristics of mochi, such as color, aroma, texture, and taste, thereby increasing the product's appeal and selling value. This study aims to analyze the effect of the type of liquid used on the organoleptic quality of mochi. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach through an experimental method using a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The study sample consisted of 30 untrained panelists selected through a total sampling technique from among students of the Culinary Arts Study Program, Padang State University. The four types of liquids used for treatment were water, soy milk, coconut milk, and coconut water. Assessment was carried out using an organoleptic test with a 7-point hedonic scale, covering five aspects: color, aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test to determine the significance of differences between treatments. The results showed that mochi with coconut water scored the highest in color (5.88), texture (6.39), flavor (6.07), and overall acceptability (5.88), while the highest aroma was obtained from mochi with soy milk (6.50). Although statistical results showed no significant difference between treatments (p > 0.05), mochi with coconut water was subjectively preferred by panelists. Therefore, coconut water is recommended as an alternative liquid ingredient that has the potential to improve mochi sensory. Therefore, coconut water is recommended as an alternative liquid ingredient that has the potential to enhance the sensory qualities of mochi.

Wireless Medical Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are a key component of modern Healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) systems, enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of patients’ physiological parameters. These networks support timely medical intervention, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate remote healthcare delivery. However, due to the open and resource-constrained nature of WMSNs, they are highly susceptible to various security threats, particularly during the authentication phase. Existing authentication protocols have been found vulnerable to a range of attacks, including impersonation, session key disclosure, and gateway database compromise, which can lead to severe privacy breaches and potentially life-threatening situations. To address these issues, this paper proposes a secure and lightweight three-factor authentication protocol tailored for WMSNs in healthcare IoT environments. The proposed protocol integrates Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for strong public key-based security with minimal computational overhead, fuzzy extractors to securely handle biometric information and ensure resistance against biometric template compromise, and session-based randomness to achieve forward secrecy and prevent replay or key-compromise impersonation attacks. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol successfully mitigates prominent threats such as impersonation attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, session key leakage, and database compromise. In addition, the protocol ensures mutual authentication between the user, the gateway, and the sensor nodes, while maintaining data confidentiality and integrity. Performance evaluation indicates that the protocol offers significantly reduced computational cost and communication delay compared to existing schemes. Its low energy consumption and minimal storage requirements make it suitable for deployment in resource-constrained medical devices and large-scale IoT healthcare networks. The results highlight the protocol’s scalability, energy efficiency, and robustness, making it a practical and secure solution for safeguarding patient data and ensuring trustworthy communication in WMSNs-based healthcare IoT systems.

This study aims to investigate the sensory characteristics and nutritional content of macarons with the addition of kecombrang flower essential oil (Etlingera elatior). The research was conducted to determine the effects of various concentrations of kecombrang flower essential oil (3%, 5%, and 7%) on macaron quality. The sensory attributes evaluated included color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference, while nutritional analysis focused on key macronutrients such as carbohydrates, sugar, fat, protein, and ash content. The sensory evaluation utilized a single-factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test to compare the effects of the different concentrations of essential oil. The results indicated that the addition of 5% kecombrang essential oil yielded the most favorable sensory scores, with the highest ratings in color (4.20) and texture (4.29). Furthermore, aroma and taste were rated highly, confirming that this concentration enhanced the overall quality of the macarons. Although the likeability score did not show significant statistical differences between treatments, all treatments were generally categorized as “liked” by the panel. For the nutritional content analysis, the macaron sample with 5% essential oil was selected for testing through a proxy method. The results indicated that the macaron had a carbohydrate content of 46.31%, sugar content of 31.62%, fat content of 3.05%, protein content of 19.08%, and ash content of 0.14%. These findings are noteworthy, as the macaron with kecombrang flower essential oil showed lower carbohydrate and fat content compared to a typical macaron, while it exhibited higher protein content. These results suggest that macarons with kecombrang essential oil may offer a healthier alternative to conventional macarons, particularly for those seeking lower sugar and fat content in their diet.

The rapid development of the smart city concept encourages the need for energy management that is more efficient, sustainable and adaptive to the needs of modern urban communities. In this context, renewable energy is the main solution to reduce dependence on fossil energy sources that are limited and pollute the environment. This research aims to optimize the utilization of renewable energy in smart cities by integrating Big Data technology and Decision Support Systems (DSS). The approach used in this research is a case study and system modeling method, which involves collecting energy data from various sources such as IoT sensors, weather stations, and energy distribution systems in real-time. The data is then analyzed using Big Data Analytics techniques to identify energy consumption patterns, potential renewable energy production, and peak load predictions. Furthermore, a decision support system was designed to assist policy makers and city managers in determining optimal energy distribution and usage strategies based on the available data and simulations. The results show that the integration of Big Data and DSS is able to increase the efficiency of renewable energy utilization up to 25% compared to conventional systems. In addition, the system is also able to dynamically respond to changing conditions and provide more accurate and adaptive decision recommendations. These findings indicate that the synergy between data technology and decision support systems plays a strategic role in creating sustainable and environmentally sound smart cities.

Public Fuel Filling Stations (SPBU) are important facilities that provide various types of fuel such as gasoline, diesel, and Pertamax to meet the needs of motorized vehicles. The existence of SPBU greatly helps the public in obtaining fuel at a more economical price compared to purchasing retail. However, the transaction system at SPBU generally still uses conventional methods, such as cash payments or the use of debit/credit cards that have not been fully integrated with an efficient digital system. The use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has been implemented as a non-cash transaction method at several SPBUs, but this system still has various weaknesses, such as limited device compatibility and delays in transaction processing. This prompted the author to develop the concept of an independent SPBU based on modern technology that is more efficient and secure. The proposed innovation includes the use of contactless smart cards and coin acceptors for the payment system, allowing users to make self-service transactions without operator involvement. In addition, the author also added several supporting components such as proximity sensors, which function to detect the presence of vehicles or people around the SPBU area. These sensors can help in saving electrical energy by activating the system only when needed. Another component is a vibration sensor, which plays a crucial role in detecting excessive vibrations that could potentially cause leaks. If excessive vibration is detected, the system automatically closes the solenoid on the pump to prevent the risk of fire or damage. By integrating this technology, the autonomous gas station system is expected to improve operational efficiency, user convenience, and safety during the automatic refueling process. This development is expected to be an innovative solution for modernizing the gas station system in Indonesia.