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Analyzing the impact of PBV, DER, and PER on stock prices, including the influence of PBV and DER on PER, and the intervening role of PER in the PBV and DER dynamics, this study involves nine pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, utilizing SmartPLS software. Findings indicate PBV significantly affects stock prices, whereas DER and PER show negligible impact. Both PBV and DER do not influence PER, and PER refrains from intervening in the interplay between PBV and DER concerning stock prices. Despite investor assessments prioritizing book value over indebtedness, the EPS-represented stock acquisition holds minimal influence on investor decisions, leading to PER's inconspicuous impact on stock prices. Contributions of DER and PER to stock values, implications of PBV and DER on PER, and PER's intervening role in the PBV-DER dyad have relatively small effects on stock prices. Consequently, the hypotheses, except for PBV's distinctive influence on stock valuations, are rejected in this intricate analysis.

This research explores the evaluation of financial performance in banking companies through financial ratio analysis and case studies. Analyzing three banks – BNI, BRI, and Bank Mandiri – reveals variations in stock prices, financial efficiency, and net profit performance. The conclusion is that BNI's stock is undervalued, BRI's is overvalued, and Bank Mandiri's situation is mixed. Although debt ratios are safe, both ROA and ROE fall below standards. However, operational efficiency is reflected in a healthy NPM. This study provides in-depth insights into the complexity of banking companies' performance.

The research aims to detail the factors influencing the budget of construction projects and analyze their impact on national development. This study is expected to contribute valuable insights for government decision-makers, project planners, and relevant stakeholders. Consequently, collaborative efforts can be undertaken to enhance budget management efficiency, ensure the smooth progress of construction projects, and support sustainable growth and overall national development. The research employs a literature review methodology, involving activities related to data collection from existing literature, reading and note-taking, as well as organizing research materials. The findings highlight that, in nation-building, the size and complexity of construction projects play a crucial role in determining their impact on national development. Large-scale infrastructure projects have the potential to improve connectivity, provide better access to communities, and support economic growth. However, challenges such as risk management, regulations, and fluctuations in building material prices require a holistic approach in planning, implementation, and management

According to the Central Statistics Agency for 2019-2021, the harvested area and area of ​​corn plants according to districts/cities, corn production comes from five districts, namely Bualemo district, Gorontalo district, Pohuwato district, Bone Bolango district, North Gorontalo district and Gorontalo city with a total of 377 432.00 ha in 2019, 304 945.00 ha in 2020, and 334 945.00 ha in 2021. By the end of 2022 it is predicted that 340,500 hectares or 27.38 percent of the entire Gorontalo land area will be planted with hybrid corn with a total harvest estimated at 1.61 million tons. This research uses qualitative methods, with primary data sources and secondary data. Corn productivity affects the net income of corn farmers apart from the selling price, where low productivity causes minimal harvest results, so the farmer's income is also low. Apart from that, fluctuations in corn prices are also an obstacle in increasing net income, when corn prices are high farmers get bigger profits. However, when the price of corn falls, farmers' income will also decrease. To increase the competitiveness of corn commodities in Gorontalo Province, it is necessary to invest in improving agricultural technology, opening wider market access, and providing greater government policy support. In this way, corn commodities in Gorontalo Province can become more competitive in both local and international markets.

This research was conducted to analyze the mechanism for distributing commissions for sales of consignment goods to snack business actors in Sidodadi Village, Sekampung, East Lampung. Research was conducted on two cassava cracker making home industries, namely the Pelangi Cassava Cracker Home Industry and the Satria Cassava Cracker Home Industry which implemented a consignment sales system. Data was obtained through interviews with business owners. The research results show that there are differences in basic prices and commissions between the two home industries which are influenced by several factors. The recording system for consignment sales has not been fully implemented. It was concluded that the commission distribution mechanism had been carried out based on an agreement, but consignment accounting records had not been implemented completely.

Fuel oil (BBM) is a commodity whose price is determined by the state. It has been approximately 3 months since fuel oil prices experienced an increase due to the increasing burden of energy subsidies. This has had a significant impact on almost all Indonesian people, which has also been exacerbated by the impact after the pandemic. Based on this case, this article was written with the aim of providing more in-depth information regarding the impact of the swelling burden of energy subsidies which influenced the increase in fuel prices after the pandemic event due to Covid-19 in Indonesia. The literature review research method was used in this research by identifying and evaluating the results of research and ideas that had previously been produced by other researchers. The results of the research found that the increase in the subsidy burden had an effect on the increase in fuel oil (BBM) prices which then had an impact on the prices of goods and services which also increased following the increase in fuel oil (BBM) prices.    

Fuel oil (BBM) is a commodity whose price is determined by the state. It has been approximately 3 months since fuel oil prices experienced an increase due to the increasing burden of energy subsidies. This has had a significant impact on almost all Indonesian people, which has also been exacerbated by the impact after the pandemic. Based on this case, this article was written with the aim of providing more in-depth information regarding the impact of the swelling burden of energy subsidies which influenced the increase in fuel prices after the pandemic event due to Covid-19 in Indonesia. The literature review research method was used in this research by identifying and evaluating the results of research and ideas that had previously been produced by other researchers. The results of the research found that the increase in the subsidy burden had an effect on the increase in fuel oil (BBM) prices which then had an impact on the prices of goods and services which also increased following the increase in fuel oil (BBM) prices.    

The war between Ukraine and Russia has had a big influence on the world, especially from a political perspective. Russia's invasion of Ukraine on Thursday, February 24 2022 stems from internal conflict between the two countries. Due to this incident, Russia received criticism from the international community, including Indonesia. The United States condemned the invasion and imposed economic sanctions on Russia. These sanctions take the form of stopping the operations of Russian-owned financial institutions in the United States, freezing all investment assets and property of individuals close to the Russian President, as well as restrictions on Russian debt transactions. After being hit by economic sanctions, Russia was also subject to a crude oil embargo by the European Union and the United States. The war that occurred influenced the increase in oil prices due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, causing new challenges in the global economy. This research uses library research. Library research is research whose main object is literature (library) which utilizes sources from literature to obtain research data, so that library research limits its activities to literary materials related to the research object. The research results show that the war between Russia and Ukraine has had various negative impacts that threaten all sectors, especially the economy in terms of global trade. As is known, these two countries are the largest suppliers of various main commodities such as wheat, fertilizer, natural gas and oil. Where these commodities are really needed by international consumers. Russia and Ukraine have a significant market share of the supply of oil, gas and other commodities, so the invasion has increased the prices of these commodities. The direct impact of rising commodity prices affects economic growth in the countries involved. This means that the economy in Southeast Asia will be affected by the war that is taking place. Continued conflict could have drastic effects in Southeast Asia. The impact of the Russian and Ukrainian wars has an impact on the Southeast Asian economy and will be more detrimental than the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic. This is because it is related to the global economy in essential areas.

This research aims to conduct research on the company PT Triputra Agro Persada Tbk (TAPG) regarding analysis of the treatment of exchange rate differences and foreign currency transactions. PT TAPG Tbk is involved in complex foreign currency transactions, including the treatment of exchange rate differences that affect the company's financial condition. This study used qualitative research methods. The method applied in collecting information and data in this research is literature study, which involves analysis of journals and books as well as related references to support the research being carried out. This research uses the PT TAPG Tbk Q1 2023 Financial Report as well as a news article from Beritasatu.com entitled “Jaga Arus kas, Triputra Agro Percepat Pembayaran Utang” as data sources. The results of this research indicate that PT TAPG Tbk can minimize the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates and provide further understanding of the complex relationship between currency exchange rates and CPO selling prices as well as risk management in company operations.

This research was conducted to observe the effect of gold prices, world oil prices and palm oil prices as commodity prices on the movement of stock prices in Indonesia from 2019 to 2022. The research method used is a quantitative method, using secondary data. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis technique. The research data is in the form of time series data, namely monthly data from January 2019 to December 2022. The total data is 48 for each variable. The conclusion of this study is that the price of gold has no significant effect on the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG). World oil prices have a significant effect on the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG). The price of Palm Oil has a significant effect on the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG). The results of this study are to prove that gold price movements cannot be used as an indication of stock prices on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Movements in world oil prices and palm oil prices can indicate stock prices on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The above conditions apply for the long term.

The stock exchange is the market where trading in stocks, bonds and other financial instruments takes place. The stock exchange is a place where companies can issue shares to obtain funds from investors, and investors can buy shares as a form of company ownership and benefit from changes in share prices. This study aims to measure how significant the influence of Profitability, Leverage and productivity is in determining bond ratings in manufacturing companies in 2020-2022. The sample in this study is a manufacturing company that issues bonds and is rated by PEFINDO (Indonesian Rating Agency), uses the rupiah currency in presenting the company's financial statements, and publishes complete audited financial statements. The data source used comes from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely www.idx.co.id and the bond rating database accessed from PTPEFINDO (www.pefindo.com). The conclusion of this study is that profitability has a positive effect on bond ratings, leverage has a negative effect on bond ratings and productivity has no effect on bond ratings.   Keywords: Profitabilitas, Obligasi, Leverage, Produktifitas

This study aims to determine the effect of the marketing mix on consumer decisions at kesu t-shirt distribution in North Toraja. The research data was obtained by using a questionnaire, documentation and direct observation on the kesu t-shirt distribution. The research method used in this research is quantitative research with a total sample of 57 people. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression with statistical calculation tools using SPSS version 26. The results of this study obtained the equation Y = 4.172 + 0.105X1 + 0.222X2 + 0.215X3 + 0.095X4. Products influence consumer decisions. Prices affect consumer decisions. Promotion influences consumer decisions. Place influences consumer decisions. Products, prices, promotions, places influence consumer decisions at kesu t-shirt distributions. The determination result (R2) of 0.822 or 82.2% means that the dependent variable namely consumer decision (Y) can be explained by the independent variables product (X1), price (X2), promotion (X3), place (X4). While the remaining 17.8% is explained by other variables outside the variables used.    

The definition of price is the value of goods which is determined or expressed in terms of money or the amount of money or other equivalent means of exchange, which must be paid for goods or services, at a certain time and in a certain market. The price level attached to the product describes the quality of the product. Meanwhile, price discrimination is a term used in international trade, referred to as a trade practice carried out by exporters by selling every commodity on the international market at a price that is less than the appropriate value or can be said to be lower than the price of the goods in their own country, which is considered unfair because can damage the market and harm competing producers in the importing country. Among the activities of entrepreneurs that usually do not favor competition is price discrimination. This situation describes a situation where sellers provide different prices for their products with the same quality and quantity to two or more sellers, or provide unequal prices to buyers or consumers in the form of inappropriate inventory, or take action by setting a pricing strategy. to gain advantages for more profitable consumers.

Oligopoly is a form of market structure where there are a few producers or dominate the market for a particular product or service. In an oligopoly, there are a few large companies that control most of the supply of goods or services, thus having the ability to influence prices and control competition. In an oligopoly market, each company will position itself as part of the market game. This certainly needs to be done because the profits they get are very dependent on their competing companies. Every policy taken by one company will greatly influence other companies so that competition will become increasingly fierce in terms of price and quality.

Indonesia's economic growth continues to increase and reaches inflation levels. As has happened in the last 2 years, there has been a quite drastic increase in inflation from 2021 of 1.56% and 2022 of 4.21%. This resulted in a decrease in rising inflation. Inflation is the impact of increasing or decreasing economic growth in a country. With increasing economic growth from trade activities or increased buying and selling along with increasing supply of businesses or producers, it can result in an increase in more buyers or consumers to shop, resulting in an increase in the prices of some good products or services market goods. One way to anticipate increasing inflation policies is that the government must control interest rates. Policies in this case must be made by the monetary authority in Indonesia, Bank Indonesia.

This research aims to determine the simultaneous and partial influence of product quality, brand image and price perception on interest in buying bear brand milk among the people of Kutoarjo Village. The research methodology used is a quantitative approach with data collection methods using questionnaires. The population in this study was the people of Kutoarjo Village and the sample determined using probability sampling using proportional sampling obtained 317 respondents for people who had never bought Bear brand milk. Then the data was obtained using multiple linear analysis. The results of the research show that product quality (X1), brand image (X2), price perception (X3) partially have a positive and significant effect on interest in buying bear brand milk. Simultaneously product quality, brand image and price perception influence interest in buying bear brand milk. amounting to 33.8%.

Entering the era of globalization, the advancement of innovation and competition in the business world is getting tougher. The capital market is the best way to maintain its reality in the business world. In Indonesia, there is capital market called the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In general, the value of the company is described by the development of the company’s share price in the capital market. The higher the stock price of a company, the higher the value of the company. Before investing their funds, investors perform a ratio analysis on the company’s ability to generate profits. This study aims to determine the effect of Return On Equity, return on aset, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Current Ratio on Stock prices on the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)for the 2015-2019 period, either simultaneously, partially, or dominantly. This study uses quantitative research methods. The research sample was 29 LQ45 manufacturing companies which were obtained by using a sampling technique,namely pusposive sampling. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that partially the  Return On Equity, Return On Aset, dan Current Ratio variables had an effect, while the Debt to Equity Ratio variable had no effect on stock prices in manufacturing companies LQ45 Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Simultaneously, the  Return On Equity, return on aset, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Current Ratio variables have a significant effect on stock prices with an f table value of 2,43 and a significant level of 0,000 less than 0,05.

The large number of institutions in the English village of Pare means that The Benefit English Course institution must market its English language course institution services well. Promotion via Instagram social media can develop business and have an attractive influence on prospective new students. Decisions regarding prices will also determine the success of the course institution. Not only that, Word of Mouth also plays a big role in forming an effective marketing communication strategy for The Benefit English Course institution. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is an influence that Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2), and Word of Mouth (X3) have on students' decisions to choose The Benefit English Course (Y) course institution simultaneously. This research method used was quantitative using a sample of 139 students at The Benefit English Course during February - July 2022. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression analysis test with the equation Y = 3.683 + 0.230 X1 + 0.355 X2 + 0.301 Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2), and Word Of Mouth (X3) have a positive relationship with purchasing decisions (Y). The results of the t test and F test also show that the significance value of the Social Media Instagram (X1), Price Perception (X2) and Word of Mouth (X3) variables is smaller than 0.050 and the R square value is 0.924 so it can be concluded that the Social Media Instagram variable ( X1), Price Perception (X2) and Word of Mouth (X3) have a significant influence on the Purchasing Decision (Y) Students of the Benefit English Course Course Institution and have an influence of 70.7%.    

This research aims to find out how marketing strategies can increase MSME income at SUA Snack Tembung. And what are the opportunities and obstacles for marketing strategies to increase MSME income at SUA Snack Tembung. This type of research is qualitative research. In this research the author takes a descriptive approach or strategy, namely describing or depicting an object, as well as a phenomenon in a social setting and expressed in the form of writing and sentences or it can also be interpreted as telling the situation of the research according to the facts and phenomena that actually occur using words and sentences or narrative. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers in the field, researchers can conclude that the marketing strategy used by SUA Snack to increase income is through promotions on social media, various discounts offered, attractive packaging, affordable prices and available in various flavors. As for the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that later emerged in SUA Snack in the marketing strategy carried out to increase income, the author carried out a SWOT analysis based on the results of interviews and observations in the field, namely Strengths such as good taste, affordable prices, friendly sellers and polite, attractive packaging, has many flavor variants, then Weaknesses: social media promotion is less than optimal, stock of goods is not large enough, and location is less strategic. Opportunities (Opportunities) in the culinary industry are popular with all groups, basreng and macaroni foods are currently viral, the taste is unique and addictive, can be enjoyed at any time and the last is Threat (Threat) such as the large number of food businesses appearing, high competitiveness, the perspective of some basreng people and Macaroni is neither healthy nor nutritious

The aim of this research is to find out how the basic price of furniture production is determined and constrained by Islamic economics in Taman Rajo District. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with primary and secondary data types. The data collection technique in this research uses observation, interview and documentation techniques, while for data analysis the researcher uses domain, textonomic and componential analysis. The results of the research explain that determining the basic price of furniture production according to Islamic economics in Taman Rajo District is carried out using several methods, including furniture business actors in Taman Rajo District determining or calculating the cost of raw materials used to produce furniture products. Business actors calculate labor costs which are calculated based on the results of the products produced and business actors calculate overhead costs which are costs incurred apart from raw material costs and labor costs in the production process. Obstacles in determining the basic price of furniture production according to Islamic Economics in Taman Rajo District include limited business capital which has an impact on determining production prices because the supply of raw materials is less affordable due to limited business capital for furniture business owners. Apart from that, the obstacle in determining the cost of production is that the strategic market target has not been achieved because the marketing strategy implemented by the business owner has not been maximized so that determining the cost of production is still based on the number of customers who order furniture products.