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Dysminorrhea is pain caused by spasm of the uterine muscles and increased levels of prostaglandins. Pain before or during menstruation is characterized by one of the symptoms that women often experience during menstruation, namely pain in the lower abdomen. Lavender aromatherapy is an alternative treatment method using lavender fragrance containing linalyl acetate which has a relaxing effect on the nervous and muscle systems, while linalool has a relaxing and sedative effect so it is used to relieve menstrual cramps. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in class The data collection method uses the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) menstrual pain measurement questionnaire. The population in this study was 89 respondents and the sample was 20 respondents. The results showed that the average level of pain in female students before being given lavender aromatherapy was moderate pain, after being given lavender aromatherapy showed a mild level of pain, and the pain level before and after being given lavender aromatherapy had a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank T-test which states that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, it can be concluded that there is an effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in class XII female students at Mulya Husada Jagakarsa Health Vocational School in 2023.

Menstrual pain, also known as dysmenorrhea, is one of the menstrual disorders most often experienced by women. Dysmenorrhea is caused by pain during menstruation which is felt in the lower abdomen or Michael's square area. This pain can be felt before, during and the end of the menstrual cycle and can be colicky or continuous. The finger hold relaxation technique is a very simple and easy method for anyone to do in contact with the fingers and the flow of energy in our body so that it can provide a feeling of relaxation, comfort and reduce pain. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of finger-hold relaxation techniques on the scale of menstrual pain in young women at SMK Tunas Bangsa (DECES) majoring in nursing in 2023. The method used is quantitative research with a pre-experimental research design in the form of One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The sampling technique used in the research was the Stratified Random Sampling method with a total research sample of 36 female students. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test obtained results with a significant p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). The conclusion of the research is that the finger-hold relaxation technique has an effect on the scale of menstrual pain in young women at Tunas Bangsa Vocational School (DECES) majoring in nursing.  

Background: Sectio caesarea surgery often causes psychological problems in patients, namely fear which impacts on anxiety which can cause a decrease in conditions such as disorders of the reproductive organs, namely conditions in the uterus, disturbances in blood flow and the need for oxygenation and even discomfort or pain. Efforts to reduce the level of anxiety in patients who are about to undergo surgery must be handled by the anesthetist during the preoperative phase. The way to overcome this can use non-pharmacological techniques given anesthesia education using flipchart media. Research Objectives: To find out the effect of flipchart media anesthesia education on anxiety in pre-sectio caesarean section in patients with sectio caesarea at Ibnu Sina Hospital, Kab. Gresik. Research Methods: This type of research uses a quasi-experimental method with a pre-post test research design with a control group design. Respondents were given pretest and posttest treatment using the APAIS scale measurement. The sample in this study was 24 respondents in the intervention group and 24 respondents in the control group. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out in November - June 2023. Research Results: The results of data collection were processed using the Mann Whitney test. Results The Mann Whitney test yielded p=0.000 (p<0.05), so Ha was accepted. Conclusion: There is a significant effect between preoperative anesthesia education using flipchart media on the anxiety level of patients with pre-sectio caesarea

As age changes, without realizing it, elderly people will also experience physical, psychosocial and spiritual changes. One of these changes is cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal system disorders are a factor in chronic diseases and motor system disorders in the elderly such as rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid Arthritis is at risk of causing complications in the form of carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes numbness, tingling, pain or weakness. on the hands and wrists. This research uses a quantitative research design using a one group pre-post test (pre-experimental) method. A quantitative design is used because the data will be used to determine the influence between variables which are expressed using numbers or a numerical scale. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 respondents. Data analysis used paired t test t test. shows that from the results of the dependent t test or paired sample T-test, it can be seen that the average level of pain before and after doing ergonomic exercises is 1,650 and obtained P value = 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, meaning that there is an influence of ergonomic exercises on pain levels in elderly people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis at PSSW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung in 2023

Abdominal pain is the main symptom of acute abdomen which occurs suddenly and is non-specific. Pain management includes providing analgesic therapy and non-pharmacological therapy in the form of cognitive behavioral interventions such as relaxation techniques, slow deep breathing, music therapy and aroma therapy, imagery and biofeedback. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the slow deep breathing technique with lemon aroma therapy on reducing pain intensity in abdominal pain patients. This type of quasi-experimental quantitative research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were 42 patients with complaints of abdominal pain who were treated. Sampling used a total sampling technique so that a sample of 42 respondents was obtained. The data collection instrument uses the Numeric Ratting Scale. The data analysis technique used in this research is Paired t-Test. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of the slow deep breathing technique with lemon aroma therapy on reducing pain intensity in abdominal pain patients with a p value of 0.001 (<0.005). The average value of the pain scale before the intervention was on a scale of 6-8 with a standard deviation of 0.650, while the average value of the pain scale after the intervention was on a scale of 2-6 with a standard deviation of 0.504. The conclusion of the research is that there is an effect of the slow deep breathing technique with lemon aroma therapy on reducing pain intensity in abdominal pain.

Background: Health is something that is very important for human life. Health and lifestyle are influenced by developments over time. One example is the lack of consumption of foods with fiber to meet daily needs, which causes health problems, namely appendicitis. Appendicitis is a common cause of acute inflammation of the right lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity, which is treated by emergency abdominal surgery. The inflammatory process that occurs in the appendix increases intraluminal pressure which causes the pain to become more severe, generalized or periumbilical and move to the right lower quadrant. One way to deal with pain is by applying the effleurage technique (massage/touch therapy). The aim of this case study is to determine the reduction in pain scale in post-appendectomy patients after effleurage technique therapy (massage/touch therapy). The method used in this case study is case study design with a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, who were obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The results of the case study show that the average pain level of the two patients after being given effleurage technique therapy intervention (massage/touch therapy) for 3 days experienced a change from moderate pain to mild pain. The conclusion of this case study shows that there were changes that occurred after the effleurage technique (massage/touch therapy) was given to the 2 patients and they experienced a decrease in the pain scale.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal gentle yoga on reducing lower back pain in third-trimester pregnant women at PMB Midwife Aida Nospita S.Keb in Labuhan Deli District, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2023. The research method employed a quasi-experimental design with treatment and control groups. The study sample consisted of 30 third-trimester pregnant women divided into two groups: one receiving prenatal gentle yoga and the other serving as the control group without yoga intervention. Measurement of lower back pain was conducted before and after the intervention using a visual analog pain scale. The results indicated that prenatal gentle yoga significantly reduced lower back pain in third-trimester pregnant women compared to the control group. In conclusion, prenatal gentle yoga can be an effective alternative in alleviating lower back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.

Skin flap is a skin graft procedure that will repair damaged skin by removing the soft tissue underneath. Objective: to determine Physiotherapy management in the form of giving electro therapy (ultrasound and Infrared) and exercise. Methods: The research method includes a "case report" case study conducted on 1 male patient with a diagnosis of Stiffness wrist digiti 1-5 manus dextra hand function disorders, ec. Amputation of fingers manus dextra post flap). The measuring instruments used are using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain scale, Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability, Gonimeter to measure joint motion scope, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, mitline to measure odema segment circumference. Results: After 3 times of therapy, the patient's assessment results were obtained, namely a significant change in the level of joint scope of motion, muscle strength, skin integrity, motion pain in the wrist and fingers of the right hand, and functional ability. Conclusion: This case study shows that the administration of electrotepsy and exercises in the case of Skin Flap of the thumb of the hand, proved to be effective.

Back pain is an inconvenience found in pregnant women, especially trimester III pregnant women. Back pain becomes a common problem for pregnant women and could make them feel anxious, afraid, and stressed. The birthing ball and lavender aromatherapy combination is a non-pharmacological therapy and simple physical therapy with the ball. This research determined the combination of birthing ball and lavender aromatherapy combination toward the backpain of trimester III pregnant women at an Obstetrician Practice Erta Faulina Semarang. This pre-experimental research used a one-group-pretest post-test design. The population consisted of all trimester III pregnant women at OB Erna Faulina Semarang. The researchers took 36 samples with purposive sampling. The instruments were a questionnaire and pain observation sheet. Then, the researchers used the Wilcoxon statistic test. The result showed the pain scale before implementing the combination was 5, moderate pain; after the implementation of a combined birthing ball and lavender aromatherapy, the pain scale relieved into 2, mild pain. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value lower than < α (0,05). The result accepts Ha, indicating the influence of combined birthing ball and lavender aromatherapy on the back pain of trimester III pregnant women. The researcher recommends obstetricians provide the combined birthing ball and lavender aromatherapy for trimester III pregnant women with back pain. This research result could be a reference and insight for students of obstetrics and be an effective obstetric intervention to relieve the backpain of trimester III pregnant women.

The problem that most often arises in women giving birth normally is labor pain, this pain occurs due to uterine contractions, dilatation and effacement of the cervix, decreased presentation of the vagina and perineum. If this pain is allowed to persist, the mother feels uncomfortable, anxious, scared and worried, which will help the condition of the mother and fetus. One way to reduce pain is by doing endorphin massage therapy. The aim of this case study is to determine the adaptation of labor pain levels in primigravida mothers after endorphin massage therapy. The method used in this case study was designed using a case study approach with a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the case study show that the average pain level of the two patients after being given endorphin massage therapy intervention for ± 2 hours changed from severe pain to moderate pain and the patients looked more comfortable, calm and relaxed. The conclusion of this case study shows that there were changes that occurred after the endorphin massage therapy intervention was given to the two patients and the pain scale decreased so that the two patients were able to adapt to the pain they felt.

Unhealthy eating patterns can cause appendicitis and appendicitis can occur at any age, the way to overcome this is by carrying out surgery or an appendectomy. The consequences of this surgery can cause pain. One way to reduce pain is by using finger hold relaxation and hand massage techniques. The aim of this case study is to determine the reduction in pain scale in post-appendectomy patients after finger hold relaxation and hand massage therapy. The method used in this case study is case study design with a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the case study show that the average pain level of the two patients after being given finger hold relaxation and hand massage therapy intervention for 2 days experienced a change from moderate pain to mild pain. The conclusion of this case study shows that there were changes that occurred after the finger hold relaxation therapy intervention and hand massage using therapeutic oil were given to the two patients and they experienced a decrease in the pain scale.    

Background: Tonsillectomy is defined as a surgical procedure to completely remove the tonsils, including their capsules by dissection of the peritonsillar space between the tonsil capsule and the muscular wall. Purpose: This scientific paper is to provide an overview of the Management of Cold Compresses on Pain Intensity in Nursing Care of Chronic Tonsillitis with Tonsillectomy. Methods: The design of this research is descriptive analytic with case study method. The non-pharmacological implementation of Post Tonsillectomy is the Administration of Cold Compresses to Pain Intensity carried out at Bhayangkara M.Hasan Hospital Palembang from 08 May 2023 to 10 May 2023 and 16 May 2023 to 19 May 2023. The subjects of this study were 2 post tonsillectomy patients. Results: After giving cold compresses for 3 days, both patients experienced a decrease in pain scale. Pain scale Mr 'T' before giving cold compresses pain scale 4 after giving cold compresses pain scale 0. Meanwhile, pain scale Nn 'S' before giving cold compresses pain scale 5 after giving cold compresses pain scale 1. Conclusion: After Cold Compress was given to Post Tonsillectomy patients for 3 days, both patients experienced a decrease in pain scale. The intervention was successful.  

Postpartum mothers with HIV who have problems breastfeeding their babies are at risk of experiencing breast pain and swelling caused by milk dams. Breast care intervention is an important action for postpartum mothers with HIV who have problems breastfeeding. The aim of the intervention is to clean and improve blood circulation around the breasts, prevent breast swelling, and reduce discomfort in the breasts. This research method is a case study with pre-post intervention. The sample of this study was postpartum mothers with HIV on the first day. The measurement instrument uses a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) measuring instrument to measure the pain scale. Breast care intervention was carried out for 3 days when the patient was hospitalized 2-3 times/day and observations were made to find out complaints of pain and swelling in the breasts. The results showed that there was a decrease in the pain scale from a scale of 5 (moderate) to a scale of 2 (mild) after 3 days of intervention. In conclusion, breast care interventions are effective in reducing the discomfort of pain and swelling in the breasts of postpartum mothers with HIV who have problems breastfeeding.

Background: Gout arthritis (gout) is a disease that arises due to excessive blood uric acid levels, which causes excessive blood uric acid levels, namely the production of uric acid in the body more than its disposal, besides that the cause of excessive uric acid production in the body can occur due to genetic factors (congenital), food factors. Complaints of gout arthritis pain vary from mild, moderate to severe. One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be used to relieve gout arthritis pain is warm ginger compresses. This study aims to see the effect of warm ginger compresses on the gout arthritis pain scale. Methods: This research is a type of pre-experimental research, namely experimental research without a control group. The research was conducted with a one group pre-posttest design. Sampling using total sampling technique. Results: The results of the Friedman test showed a P value (0.000). The results of this study indicate that warm ginger compresses can reduce gout arthritis pain. Conclusion: There is a significant effect on the level of gout arthritis pain before and after the warm ginger compress intervention

Postpartum discomfort is a nursing problem that is often experienced by mothers in the postpartum period. One of them is caused by breast enggorgement. The symptoms experienced are pain and the mother's breasts harden making it difficult to breastfeed. Breast care intervention for problems of postpartum discomfort ‘caused by breast enggorgement. A case study that aims to describe the application of breast care to clients with nursing problems of postpartum discomfort with breast enggorgement. The number of respondents in this case study research amounted to 2 mothers post second day sectio caesaria surgery. Breast swelling assessment using the Six Point Self-rated Engorgement Scale (SPES) with a score of 1-6. In addition, breast care interventions used standard operating procedures and action observation forms. The results of the case study showed that both patients who performed breast care experienced a decrease in the ix Point Self-rated Engorgement Scale (SPES) score from 4 to 3, with breast criteria still enggogerment but pain level was reduced. Breast milk (ASI) becomes smooth and breastfeeding the baby becomes easier. The implementation of breast care can reduce pain and swelling in the breast.for mother wirh discomfort after birth.

Dysmenorrhea is a pain in the lower abdomen can spread to the lower back and legs. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in the world on average is very high up to (90%) while the severe painful dysmenorrhea are around 10-15%. In Indonesia the case of dysmenorrhea is around of 64.25%. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of giving red ginger decoction on dysmenorrhea in young women at Assalaam Vocational School, Manado. This research uses a pre-experimental quantitative method with one group pre and post test design. wWith non-probability sampling technique and purposive sampling method based on characteristics of the population by the criteria of the researcher's. The research instrument uses an observation sheet and a Standard Operating Procedure for measurement using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). The sample in this study takes 12 respondents. Using the Pairet T-Test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results of this study show there is an effect of giving red ginger decoction on dysmenorrhea in young women with a P-value = 0.000 < 0.05 The conclusion in this study is giving red ginger decoction on dysmenorrhea in young women at Assalaam Vocational School, Manado are affected. And advice to respondents to used red ginger as an additional reference for reducing pain during dysmenorrhea.

Background: Data obtained from the Palembang city health office that the incidence of head injuries in 2018 there were (16.15) patients. Head injury (trauma capitis) is a mechanical injury that directly or indirectly affects the head that results in head wounds, fractures of the bones of the skull, tearing of brain membranes, and damage to brain tissue, as well as resulting in neurological disorders. One of the nonpharmacological therapies that can be given to patients who experience pain in minor head injuries is music therapy. Objectives: to gain real experience and knowledge and to document the application of music therapy to pain scales in nursing care for minor head injuries. Methods: this type of scientific paper uses a descriptive method with a case study approach to explore the problem of nursing care in two patients with minor head injuries. Nursing care was carried out on two patients, which was carried out on June 15 to 17, 2022. Results: from music therapy actions to Mr. A and Mr. D with the first diagnosis of acute pain related to physical injury agents. The results of the evaluation of the first patient, Mr. A, found that the patient experienced a decrease in the pain scale to 3 (mild), before music therapy the pain scale was 5 (moderate), the pain problem was resolved, and the intervention was stopped. For the evaluation, the second patient, Mr. D, obtained a pain scale of 2 (mild), before music therapy the pain scale was 4 (moderate), the pain problem was resolved, and the intervention was stopped. Conclusion: the results of the nursing evaluation on Mr. A and Mr. D problems resolved the intervention was stopped. It can be concluded that music therapy can reduce pain in patients with mild head injuries.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem because it causes high rates of hospitalization and mortality. The clinical manifestations of ACS are that the patient feels pain and discomfort that is not specific in the chest and legs radiating to the neck, left shoulder and arms and back then accompanied by cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, weakness and dizziness and can faint which occurs suddenly with high intensity.  Objective: To find out the results of applying Thermotherapy therapy to relieve chest pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Moewardi Surakarta. Method: This type of research is a descriptive case study. The application was carried out on 2 patients selected by purposive sampling method with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thermotherapy is carried out for 10-20 minutes 1x/day for 3 days. The research instrument used SOP foot massage, hemodynamic status observation sheets, and informed consent. Results: After being given the application to both respondents for 1 time a day for 3 consecutive days, a decrease in the level of the chest pain scale was found in the patient Mr. S with a pain scale level before being carried out by Thermotherapy therapy, severe pain and after being carried out by Thermotherapy therapy for 1 time in 3 consecutive days to mild pain. Meanwhile, in the patient Mr. A with the level of pain scale before the Thermotherapy therapy is severe pain and after the Thermotherapy therapy is done for 1 time in 3 consecutive days it becomes mild pain. Conclusion: there is a reduction in the chest pain scale in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta after being given thermotherapy.

Gout Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the body. Onion compress is a current form the treatment of gout arthritis with no side effects. The aim of this research is a to determine the effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. The research conducted by using a pre-experimental (pre and post test design). The samples were 13 subjekts which taken using total sampling technique. Research instruments used observation sheet and SOP for measurement with the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). Analyzed data by using a Wilcoxon test with the significance level α = 0,01. The results of this research obtained a value p=0.002 (α≤0.05), which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so that can be concluded there were an effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. The conclusion of this research is that there is an effectivennes of shallot (Allium Cepa Var Aggregatum) compress on joint pain Gout Arhtritis patients at the Working Area, Public Health Center Tuminting Manado. Advice to subjekts who often experience gout arthritis pain is to treat it themselves by using shallot compresses.

Low back pain (NPB) Ischialgia is the pinching of the ischiadic nerve in the lower back region which causes the buttocks, thighs, lower legs and even feet to tingle, pain, sometimes causing weakness. Nerve mobilization is a manipulation technique by moving and stretching the nerve tissue to improve axonal transport so as to improve nerve conduction. Nerve mobilization can reduce the pressure in the nerve so that there is an increase in blood flow to the nerve, which can have a regenerating and healing effect on the injured nerve (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization is often used as a form of diagnosis and treatment in musculoskeletal conditions with nerve involvement (Butler, 1991). Nerve mobilization in the Lower Limb Tension Test (LLTT) is performed on the branching of the lumbosacral plexus such as the ishiadicus nerve, peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve. But here the author only discusses LLTT on the ishiadicus nerve, namely LLTT 1 which is associated with low back pain. The purpose of knowing the effect of manual nerve mobilization on pain reduction in Ischialgia patients after IR and TENS therapy at RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang. Method two group pre test and post test. The place of this research is in the physiotherapy clinic of KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital. Using Visual Analouge Scale (VAS) measuring instrument. The results were treated using the mann-Whtney test. With confidence interval (CI) (95%) The results revealed that there was a significant difference in pain between group 1 (p = 0.00) and group 2 (p = 0.00). But there was no significant difference between the two groups on pain improvement (p = 0.152), so there was no better treatment between the two groups. It is concluded that ULTT is useful in the treatment of LBP patients to reduce pain in two groups. The targeted output is publication in Sinta indexed national journals and IPR. The TKT target of the implementation of gamelan accompaniment gymnastics is at level 2.