Publication Search

This study examines the comparative profitability of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk before and during the boycott issue that emerged as part of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement in 2023. Profitability was selected as the focus because it is a key financial performance indicator that reflects the company’s ability to generate returns under changing social and economic pressures. The research aims to evaluate differences in financial performance using three indicators: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) across two periods, namely before the boycott (2021–2022) and during the boycott (2023–2024). Employing a quantitative descriptive-comparative approach, the study analyzed financial ratios and applied the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The findings reveal a decline in ROA from 30.20% (2021) and 29.29% (2022) to 28.81% (2023) and 20.99% (2024), as well as a drop in NPM from 14.56% and 13.02% to 12.49% and 9.59% during the boycott period. Conversely, ROE increased to 156.74% in 2024, largely driven by a sharper decline in equity compared to net profit. Nevertheless, statistical testing indicates no significant difference in profitability between the two periods. These results suggest that while profitability trends weakened, the boycott had no statistically significant impact, implying that investor and consumer responses were not strong or sustained enough to materially affect financial performance.

The rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia presents both an opportunity and a challenge in increasing company value amidst the dynamics of an increasingly digital and competitive capital market. This phenomenon demonstrates that strong operational performance does not always translate into high market value, making it crucial to identify internal factors that influence company value, particularly in the pharmaceutical subsector, which plays a strategic role in Indonesia.This research aims to analyze the effect of Working Capital Turnover, Cash Turnover, Liquidity, and Profit Growth on Company Value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021-2024 period. The research method used was quantitative with an explanatory approach. The sampling technique used total sampling, with a sample size of 10 companies. Secondary data, in the form of financial statements, were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.The results indicate that only Cash Turnover significantly impacts company value, with a negative effect, while Working Capital Turnover, Liquidity, and Profit Growth do not. These findings suggest that efficient working capital management and consistent profit growth play a crucial role in increasing the value of pharmaceutical companies. This research is expected to be a reference for management in strategic decision making and for academics for further research.  

The development of Islamic banking plays a crucial role in driving economic growth through the principles of fair finance. However, the performance of Islamic banks still faces challenges in maintaining stable profitability. Two key factors often cited as determinants of performance are risk management and customer satisfaction. On the one hand, effective risk management is necessary to control problem financing, while on the other hand, customer satisfaction fosters loyalty and funding stability. However, the existing literature tends to examine these two aspects separately, thus lacking a complete picture of their integrative relationship with profitability. This study, a systematic literature review (SLR), aims to analyze the relationship between risk management, customer satisfaction, and profitability of Islamic banks, as well as their implications for economic growth. The review process adopted the PRISMA 2020 protocol, encompassing academic publications from 2015–2025 from various databases. Article selection was conducted using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring that only relevant studies were further analyzed. The study's findings demonstrate two key pillars supporting Islamic banking performance: effective risk management—particularly in controlling problem financing—and a high level of customer satisfaction, which supports loyalty and the stability of third-party funds. However, the findings also indicate a methodological gap. The literature rarely develops models that examine the simultaneous influence of risk management and customer satisfaction on profitability. Furthermore, the limitations of qualitative research and the weaknesses of customer satisfaction measurement instruments hinder a more comprehensive understanding. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of developing a more integrative theory of Islamic banking performance. Future managerial strategies should emphasize the harmonization of risk management and service orientation, so that Islamic banks not only maintain profitability but also contribute more significantly to economic growth.

This study aims to analyze the influence of company characteristics, including Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, and Company Size, on Financial Performance. The population studied consists of companies in the F& B sector listed on the IDX during the period 2020-2024. The sample in this study was selected using the purposive sampling method. Out of the 24 companies listed in the sector, 3 companies were eliminated because they did not meet the established criteria, resulting in a final sample size of 21 companies. To test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, the multiple linear regression analysis technique was applied. The research results show that Company Size has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, while the Debt to Asset Ratio has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. On the other hand, the Current Ratio does not show a significant effect on financial performance. However, the Current Ratio does not appear to significantly affect financial performance. While it is a measure of liquidity, the results of this study suggest that liquidity alone does not guarantee profitability or financial success. It is possible that other factors, such as market conditions or management practices, may play a more dominant role in influencing financial performance. Overall, this research emphasizes the need for companies in the F&B sector to carefully manage their debt levels and consider the benefits of growing their company size to improve financial performance. Future studies could explore the role of other factors, such as operational efficiency and market conditions, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of what drives financial success in the industry.

This study aims to analyze and determine how managerial ownership, firm size, leverage, and capital structure affect financial performance in insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The study focused on 15 companies that met the sample criteria and were deemed representative of the Indonesian insurance industry during that period. The data used in this study were sourced from officially published company financial reports. Furthermore, the data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2018 and SPSS version 25 software to ensure accurate analysis results. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression, as it is considered appropriate for testing the influence of more than one independent variable on the dependent variable. This approach allows the researchers to identify whether each independent variable has a significant effect on financial performance when tested simultaneously. The results showed consistent findings across all variables. First, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This indicates that the higher the managerial ownership, the better the alignment of interests between managers and shareholders, leading to improved financial outcomes. Second, company size also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, meaning the larger the company, the better the performance. Furthermore, leverage has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This suggests that optimal use of debt can enhance company performance by providing additional resources for growth. Finally, capital structure also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, indicating that the right combination of debt and equity can increase company value. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of financial and managerial decisions in shaping the performance of insurance companies in Indonesia during the observed period.

A company's financial performance is one of the main indicators in assessing the health and sustainability of a business entity's operations. Evaluation of financial performance is crucial, especially for large companies operating in strategic sectors such as telecommunications. PT. XL, as a telecommunications company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, requires regular performance assessments to provide a clear picture of the effectiveness of its business strategy and its ability to generate profits. This study aims to analyze PT. XL's financial performance using a profitability ratio approach. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, utilizing secondary data sourced from the company's financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and other financial statements for the 2021–2023 period. The profitability ratios analyzed include Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Earnings Per Share (EPS). These five ratios were chosen because they are able to describe the company's ability to generate profits, both in terms of sales, total assets, and shareholder equity. The analysis results indicate that PT. XL's financial performance during the study period is still less than optimal. This is reflected in the profitability ratio, which is below the average standard for the Indonesian telecommunications industry. This condition indicates that the company has not been able to optimally manage its resources to generate competitive profits. This finding has important implications, namely the need to evaluate financial management strategies, operational cost efficiency, and improve service quality to increase company profitability in the future. Therefore, this study confirms that profitability ratio analysis is a crucial instrument for assessing a company's financial condition and serves as a basis for formulating performance improvement strategies.  

This study aims to analyze the business development strategy of Siecraft, a creative that transforms waste into environmentally friendly and marketable products. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and the distribution of questionnaires to 30 respondents. The analysis focuses on production, finance, marketing, and human resources, supported by a SWOT analysis. The results show that Siecraft’s main strengths lie in its unique products, use of waste materials, and social value. However, weaknesses remain in digital promotion and production management. The SWOT analysis places the business in Quadrant I (aggressive strategy). Development strategies are directed toward product innovation, improving digital promotion quality, and expanding partnerships to support business sustainability. However, despite these strengths, the business faces several challenges. The weaknesses identified include limited digital promotion efforts and inefficient production management. These areas require urgent attention to enhance overall business performance and market visibility. Furthermore, the SWOT analysis places Siecraft in Quadrant I, signifying an aggressive growth strategy. This suggests that the company should capitalize on its current strengths while addressing its weaknesses to achieve sustainable growth. The recommended development strategies include focusing on product innovation to keep up with market trends and customer demands. Improving the quality of digital marketing efforts is also crucial to expand its customer base and reach new markets. Additionally, expanding partnerships with other businesses and organizations can provide the necessary resources and networks to foster sustainability and long-term success. Overall, the business development strategy aims to strengthen Siecraft’s competitive edge and promote environmental consciousness while achieving financial success.

Banking is a key pillar of the financial system, playing a crucial role as an intermediary between those with excess funds and those in need of financing. In the context of post-pandemic economic recovery in the 2022–2024 period, bank sustainability and resilience, particularly in terms of profit-generating ability, are crucial aspects to consider. This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which capital structure and intermediation efficiency influence the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure in this study is proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while intermediation efficiency is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The profitability indicator used is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a bank's effectiveness in utilizing its assets to generate profits. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 111 banks for the 2022–2024 period. The analysis results show that simultaneously, CAR and LDR variables have a significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, both variables have been shown to contribute positively to increasing bank profitability. In other words, maintaining adequate capital and efficient credit management can strengthen overall financial performance. This finding offers strategic implications for bank management in formulating capital and liquidity management policies. Optimizing these two aspects not only impacts short-term profit achievement but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of banking profitability in the long term. Therefore, banks need to ensure a strong capital strategy coupled with efficient intermediation to be more resilient in facing future economic dynamics.

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital structure, liquidity, sales growth, and green accounting, assessed through environmental performance and environmental costs, on the profitability of companies. The research focuses on the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period, which represents one of the most dynamic and environmentally impactful industries in Indonesia. The sample consists of 30 companies selected using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined criteria, ensuring the representativeness and relevance of the data analyzed. The study employs multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 22.0 to test the hypotheses and measure the extent to which the independent variables contribute to profitability as the dependent variable. The findings reveal that liquidity and sales growth exert a positive and significant influence on profitability, indicating that firms with higher liquidity levels and stronger sales growth are better positioned to enhance their financial performance. In contrast, capital structure demonstrates a negative and significant effect, suggesting that higher levels of debt reduce profitability due to increased financial burdens. Similarly, green accounting, when assessed through environmental performance, also shows a negative and significant impact, implying that companies focusing on environmental initiatives may face higher costs that suppress short-term profitability. However, green accounting as measured by environmental costs does not show any significant effect on profitability, highlighting that disclosure or allocation of environmental costs alone may not directly translate into financial outcomes. Overall, the study concludes that capital structure, liquidity, sales growth, and green accounting—when measured through both environmental performance and costs—jointly influence the profitability of food and beverage companies on the IDX during the observed period.

This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership style, physical work environment, and intrinsic compensation on employee performance on CV. Nina Etik Garment Indonesia, a written batik industry operating in Mojokerto. The background of this research departs from the phenomenon of low employee productivity which is allegedly influenced by internal and external factors of the organization. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a census method for all permanent employees totaling 39 people. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) based on the SmartPLS 4.1.1.2 application. The results show that only the physical work environment has a significant effect on employee performance. This indicates that the factors of comfort, security, and the feasibility of work facilities have a dominant role in improving employee performance. In contrast, transformational leadership styles and intrinsic compensation have not been shown to have a significant impact. These findings provide an idea that the motivation of employees in the creative industry sector based on local culture such as written batik is more influenced by the real working conditions they face on a daily basis than by a leadership approach or non-financial reward alone. The practical implication of this research is the need for company management to prioritize improving the physical aspects of the work environment, such as lighting, ventilation, cleanliness, and ergonomic workspace layout. By creating a comfortable and supportive work environment, employee productivity and performance can be significantly improved. In addition, although there is no significant effect in this study, leadership style and intrinsic compensation still need to be considered in order to create a balance in the sustainable human resource management strategy and be able to support innovation, creativity, and competitiveness of the company.

This study the analyze the influence of financial performance as a predictor of stock price in the property and real estate sector listed on the IDX for the 2020-2024 period, using a sample consists of 12 property companies. The financial performance variables used in this study include ROE, EPS, CR, and TATO. The result of show that simultaneously,all four variables have a significant  effect on stock prices. Partially, only ROE, EPS, and TATO have a significant impact, while CR has no significant effect. The analysis methods include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and F Satatistical tests. The findings confirm that profitability, particularly (ROE and EPS) and asset efficiency (TATO), are the factors consideres  by investors when evaluating stocks in the property sector.  The analysis methods used in this study include descriptive statistics to summarize the data, classical assumption tests to ensure the validity of the regression model, multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between the financial performance variables and stock prices, and F-statistical tests to evaluate the overall significance of the model. The findings suggest that profitability, particularly ROE and EPS, and asset efficiency, represented by TATO, are the key factors considered by investors when evaluating stocks in the property sector.These results imply that investors in the property and real estate sector prioritize financial performance metrics that reflect the company's ability to generate returns and utilize its assets effectively. Specifically, ROE and EPS serve as crucial indicators of profitability and are closely monitored by market participants. On the other hand, CR, which measures the company's short-term liquidity, does not appear to have the same level of influence on stock prices.  

This study examines control activities in the delay in the return of Community Economic Empowerment (PEM) funds in Oeba Village, which is one of the policies of the Kupang City Government with interest-free funding assistance through the Community Empowerment Institution (LPM) of Oeba Village with the aim of developing productive businesses to increase the economic potential of the community. This study aims to determine the role of control activities in handling delays in the return of funds (PEM) and to determine the factors that cause the occurrence of arrears of funds (PEM) in Oeba Village, Kota Lama District. The type of data in this study is primary data obtained directly in the form of interviews with employees of the Community Empowerment Institution in Oeba Village. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study indicate that the delay in the return of funds (PEM) in Oeba Village is largely caused by weak supervision and performance reviews, in addition, inadequate human resource development and the absence of clear performance indicators hamper program evaluation. Factors causing PEM Fund arrears include business congestion, lack of understanding, minimal assistance to PEM fund recipients, poor financial management, and sanctions that are not strictly enforced

This study aims to evaluate the financial condition of four private banks, namely Bank Mega, Bank JTrust, Bank Danamon, and Bank Panin listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015 to 2024. The analysis uses the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) approach with a quantitative method, where the data source is derived from published annual financial statements. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling with the criteria of financial statements available for the last 10 years and the fluctuations in profits in the last three years. The bank's health assessment is carried out through four main aspects. First, the risk profile is measured using non-performing loan (NPL) ratios and liquidity levels through the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). Second, Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is evaluated based on regulatory compliance and transparency reporting. Third, profitability which includes the return on asset ratio (ROA) and net interest margin (Net Interest Margin / NIM). Fourth, the capital aspect is analyzed through the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The results of the study show that in general, the four banks are in a healthy condition, especially in terms of capital and governance, which reflects the bank's ability to meet the minimum capital requirements and maintain management practices in accordance with banking industry standards. However, significant differences were found in the risk and profitability aspects. Banks that have less than optimal risk management tend to experience an increase in NPLs, while banks that are more efficient in managing operational costs are able to maintain ROA and NIM at a more stable level. In addition, external factors such as global economic conditions, monetary policy, interest rates, and interbank competition also affect financial performance.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SAP accounting information system in supporting the implementation of the Independent Learning–Independent Campus (MBKM) Internship Program at PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk, Gedangan Unit. SAP, as an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, was adopted to replace the previous desktop-based system, which had significant limitations, such as restricted local access, dependence on additional licenses, and lower integration capabilities across departments. The main objective of this research is to determine how SAP contributes to improving organizational efficiency while simultaneously providing practical learning opportunities for students participating in the MBKM internship program. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation of company operations, semi-structured interviews with student interns and field supervisors, and analysis of company documentation. The findings indicate that the use of SAP has enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and speed in recording and reporting financial transactions. Through their internship, students engaged directly in business processes, particularly in handling purchase requisitions, reimbursement procedures, and asset management activities. This exposure enabled students to develop a deeper understanding of integrated financial systems and the workflow of a large-scale agribusiness corporation. Although several technical challenges were encountered, particularly in the form of temporary network disruptions, such issues did not substantially hinder the system’s overall performance. The availability of prompt technical support from the company’s IT team minimized potential negative impacts and ensured system continuity. Beyond improving corporate financial governance, SAP also offered valuable experiential learning for interns, bridging theoretical knowledge acquired in academic settings with real-world industrial applications. Overall, the study concludes that SAP functions not only as a strategic enterprise tool for the company but also as an effective educational medium that supports the success of the MBKM internship program.

Digital transformation in the public sector has become a strategic agenda to improve the efficiency, transparency, and quality of government services, including in regional revenue management. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital transformation in the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda: Badan Pendapatan Daerah) of East Java Province, especially in the Gresik Technical Implementation Unit (UPT: Unit Pelaksana Teknis), as well as its impact on administrative efficiency, transparency, and increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD: Pendapatan Asli Daerah). This study uses a non-empirical qualitative approach with a literature study method, which involves the analysis of secondary data from scientific journals, policy documents, government performance reports, and community digitalization indicators such as the Indonesian Digital Society Index (IMDI: Indeks Masyarakat Digital Indonesia). The results show that digital transformation through e-payment systems and web-based administration has significantly accelerated the service process, improved taxpayer compliance, and reduced revenue leakage. The receipt of PAD through digital channels increased by 60% in one year, while service efficiency increased by reducing administrative process time from three days to one day. The implementation of this digital transformation is also influenced by the readiness of infrastructure, apparatus competence, and community digital literacy, as described in the theoretical framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Dynamic Capabilities, and TOE Framework. Despite positive achievements, challenges such as digital skills gaps, resistance to change, and system security issues are still obstacles in optimizing digital transformation. This research makes a theoretical contribution to the development  of e-governance literature  and digital public policy practices at the local level. These findings also provide concrete recommendations for other regions to replicate good practices of digital transformation that have succeeded in improving regional financial performance. Thus, digital transformation is not only a technological instrument, but also a governance strategy that requires synergy between technology, organizations, and society

This study aims to predict the potential bankruptcy of PT Argo Pantes Tbk for the period 2014–2024 using the Zmijewski X-Score model. The research adopts a quantitative method based on secondary data obtained from the company’s published annual financial statements. The Zmijewski model was selected because of its effectiveness in assessing companies with unstable financial conditions and its ability to provide a more accurate reflection of financial distress compared to other models. The analysis process involved calculating the X-Score for each year within the observation period and interpreting the results according to the criteria of the model. The findings indicate that for the entire study period, the calculated X value was consistently greater than or equal to zero. This outcome signifies that the company is in a condition classified as potentially bankrupt. Furthermore, the model demonstrated 100% accuracy in describing the company’s actual financial situation, since PT Argo Pantes Tbk consistently recorded net losses throughout the period of analysis. These losses were not incidental but reflected a long-term pattern of weak financial performance, limited profitability, and declining competitiveness in the textile industry. The results highlight that PT Argo Pantes Tbk has been operating under severe financial distress for a prolonged period, with no indication of recovery during the years observed. The persistent losses and negative financial indicators reinforce the conclusion that the company is in an unhealthy condition. The study confirms the applicability and reliability of the Zmijewski X-Score as a bankruptcy prediction tool in the Indonesian context, particularly for firms experiencing prolonged instability. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into financial distress analysis and underscores the importance of early bankruptcy prediction models in supporting stakeholders, investors, and regulators in making informed decisions.

Human resources (HR) are a crucial component of any organization, playing a vital role in determining its development and success. One key aspect of HR management is employee performance, which reflects the quality and quantity of employee output in meeting company targets. This study focuses on PT REX Denpasar, a logistics company that experienced fluctuations in monthly revenue throughout 2023. This phenomenon indicates performance issues related to work quantity, delivery accuracy, and time efficiency. Several operational issues identified included variability in staff productivity, delays in delivery schedules, and inaccuracies in shipping data processing. To explore solutions to these challenges, the study examined the role of managerial leadership and financial incentives in improving employee performance, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This study covered all 40 employees of PT REX Denpasar, using a comprehensive enumeration sampling method. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and a review of organizational records. Analysis was conducted using a structural path modeling approach to examine the relationships between variables. The results showed that managerial leadership had a significant effect on job satisfaction, as did the financial incentives provided by the company. Furthermore, leadership quality and compensation systems have been shown to have a positive correlation with improved employee performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction was found to act as a substantial mediator, strengthening the influence of leadership and compensation on performance. Thus, improving leadership quality and improving compensation mechanisms not only have a direct impact but also an indirect impact through increased job satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and credit risk on the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018–2022. Profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), liquidity is proxied by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), while credit risk is measured using the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratio. The research employs a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis to test the partial and simultaneous influence of the independent variables on profitability. Data were obtained from the annual financial reports of banks published on the IDX, covering a five-year observation period. The results of the analysis show that credit risk, as measured by NPL, has a significant negative effect on bank profitability. This finding reflects that the higher the NPL ratio, the lower the bank’s ability to generate returns on assets, emphasizing the importance of effective credit quality management. In contrast, the liquidity level measured by LDR demonstrates a positive but statistically insignificant effect on ROA. This suggests that although liquidity plays a role in supporting banking operations, its direct impact on profitability is relatively weak when considered independently. However, when examined simultaneously, both credit risk and liquidity significantly affect bank profitability. These findings imply that effective credit risk management is a crucial determinant of financial performance in the banking sector. High levels of non-performing loans can erode bank profits, while optimal liquidity management supports operational efficiency, even if its impact is not strongly significant in isolation. From a managerial perspective, banks need to strengthen monitoring of loan quality, implement more prudent credit policies, and adopt sustainable liquidity strategies to enhance profitability. For regulators, the results highlight the importance of supervising asset quality and ensuring adequate liquidity management in the banking system. This study contributes to the literature on banking performance by providing empirical evidence on the interaction between credit risk, liquidity, and profitability in the Indonesian banking sector.

Sharia financing is a key instrument that Islamic banks must promote in channeling third-party funds. This aligns with the basic principles of Islamic banking, which emphasize fairness, partnership, and business sustainability. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how various Islamic financing schemes impact Islamic bank profitability. This study focuses on Bank Mega Syariah, using secondary data sourced from quarterly financial reports for the period 2017 to 2024. The financing variables analyzed include musyarakah, mudharabah, murabahah, and ijarah, while profitability is measured using relevant financial performance indicators. The analysis method used is a quantitative approach using regression techniques to examine the effect of each type of financing on bank profitability. The results show that musyarakah, mudharabah, and murabahah-based financing have a positive and significant impact on profitability, meaning that the higher the distribution of these three types of financing, the greater their contribution to increasing bank profits. These findings indicate that the business partnership model, profit-sharing system, and profit margin stipulated in the murabahah contract significantly contribute to maintaining profit growth. Conversely, ijarah financing did not significantly impact profitability. This may be due to the characteristics of ijarah, which tends to be oriented towards fixed assets or leases, resulting in a relatively limited contribution to increasing short-term profits. Overall, this study provides important implications for Islamic bank management to further optimize the proportion of musyarakah, mudharabah, and murabahah financing as a strategy to boost financial performance and maintain business continuity amidst the competitive Islamic banking industry.

This study aims to analyze the process of preparing operational budgets in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) of Pempek Love Palembang, which are engaged in the culinary sector typical of South Sumatra. Pempek Love Palembang is one of the business actors that plays a role in maintaining culinary traditions while contributing to the local economy. The research approach used is quantitative descriptive, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with business owners. Interviews are focused on operational activities that cover all stages of production to sales. The scope of analysis includes the preparation of various budget components, including sales budgets, production and inventory costs, raw material budgets, direct labor budgets, overhead costs, operational costs, cost of goods sold (COGS), and profit and loss budgets. Based on the findings, it is known that Pempek Love Palembang has not prepared a budget systematically and well documented. This is due to the limited knowledge of owners and employees about the concept of budget planning, so that the financial management process runs less than optimally. The absence of a structured budget makes it difficult to evaluate performance in a measurable manner and limits the ability of businesses to project profits accurately. This study confirms that the implementation of a good operational budget is not only beneficial for setting clear targets, but also serves as a cost control tool and a basis for strategic decision-making. With proper budget planning, MSMEs such as Pempek Love Palembang can increase efficiency, maintain financial stability, and expand business development opportunities in the future. The recommendation of this study is simple financial management training for MSME actors to be able to prepare budgets independently, accurately, and sustainably for more sustainable and stable business growth.