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Earnings management is a deliberate strategy based on multidimensional considerations. The impact of earnings management practices is not necessarily positive, so mitigation measures are necessary to mitigate any negative impacts. This article aims to observe and analyze research developments regarding the role of the Board of Directors (BOD) in reducing discretionary accruals in Islamic banking. This article uses a qualitative literature study approach by analyzing articles from previous studies based on criteria that include article quality and research focus. Analysis of the answers to the research questions is conducted based on the results of empirical research in previous studies. Based on the analysis, a review of previous articles provides a strong argument that the role of the Board of Directors (BOD) plays a significant and complex role in influencing earnings management practices in the Islamic banking sector. The effectiveness of the BOD is not universal, but is highly dependent on its specific attributes, including competence, size, and activeness. It has been proven that competence is the attribute that plays the most role in reducing discretionary accruals. Meanwhile, characteristics such as board size and activeness show mixed results, indicating that mere physical and administrative presence is not enough without being balanced with substantive expertise, independence, and effective board work dynamics. This complexity is exacerbated by inconsistent findings and limited scope of studies on accrual techniques. Therefore, strengthening governance in Islamic banking must focus on improving the quality of human resources on the board of directors, especially in terms of technical expertise in finance and accounting. There is an academic gap for future research by exploring moderating variables, real manipulation techniques, and the dynamics of interactions between governance elements in the dual structure that characterizes Islamic banking

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how the operational budget planning process is applied to the Mebel Serba Usaha (Mebel Serba Usaha) business, which falls into the micro, small, and medium-sized business category. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, collecting data through direct interviews and observing business activities. The obtained data was then examined to determine costs. Furthermore, sales records over the past four years were evaluated for their use. The analysis revealed that Mebel Serba Usaha has never created an operational budget. This situation makes it difficult for the company to manage its finances, which ultimately impacts performance and profitability. The study shows that an operational budget is a crucial tool for more targeted financial management. Operational budget planning helps companies develop long-term business plans and organize and monitor expenses. The results of this study also emphasize that the absence of a budget tends to make companies lack a clear reference point for determining sales targets and controlling production costs. With structured budget planning, companies can more easily identify spending priorities, estimate cash flow, and assess the efficiency of resource use. Furthermore, implementing an operational budget can improve managerial discipline because every financial decision is based on careful planning, not just on immediate needs. Another benefit is increased transparency in fund management, thereby minimizing the risk of waste or misallocation of costs. Therefore, this study provides a practical contribution in the form of recommendations on the importance of implementing an operational budget for micro, small, and medium enterprises, particularly in maintaining sustainability and increasing competitiveness amidst increasingly fierce business competition.This research is expected to be a reference for other MSMEs in developing a more effective and sustainable financial system.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Gross Profit Margin (GPM) and Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITR) on profit growth at PT Gudang Garam Tbk during the period 2014–2024. The research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and utilizes multiple linear regression analysis. Data were gathered from financial report documentation and a literature study. The F-test results indicate that GPM and ITR, when considered together, have no significant effect on profit growth, with an F-statistic value of 1.065, which is lower than the F-table value of 5.318, and a significance value of 0.389 > 0.05. Furthermore, the t-test results reveal that GPM (t-statistic 1.122; p = 0.295) and ITR (t-statistic 0.160; p = 0.877) do not have a significant partial effect on profit growth, as the significance values of both variables are higher than 0.05. The findings suggest that GPM and ITR are not the primary factors influencing the company's profit growth. Therefore, it is recommended that external factors such as market conditions, industry trends, and economic variables should be considered more carefully in managerial decision-making. This study contributes to the understanding of financial performance analysis, providing insights for both academics and practitioners in the field of corporate finance.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial technology, risk tolerance, return expectation, and financial literacy on student investment decisions, with a specific focus on students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Budi Luhur University, Jakarta. The increasing growth of young investors in Indonesia, particularly from Generation Z, emphasizes the urgency of understanding the behavioral and technological factors that shape their financial decision-making. The research employed a quantitative approach using purposive sampling by distributing online questionnaires to 100 executive class students, calculated using Slovin’s formula. Data collection was supported by literature reviews and documentation, while analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Excel 2019. The results reveal that financial technology, return expectation, and financial literacy each have a positive and significant effect on student investment decisions. In contrast, risk tolerance shows a significant negative effect, suggesting that higher risk tolerance does not necessarily translate into better decision-making among students. These findings highlight the complex interplay of behavioral and cognitive factors in shaping investment choices. The study contributes to the field of behavioral finance and provides practical implications for financial education, suggesting the need for stronger integration of financial literacy programs and responsible fintech usage among young investors. In conclusion, enhancing financial knowledge and aligning return expectations are critical strategies to improve rational investment behavior in the digital era.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, but often face challenges in effective financial management. often face challenges in effective financial management. This research This study aims to analyse the application of management accounting in increasing turnover, net profit, and cash management in Labang Iced Tea Pot MSMEs in Bangkalan Regency, East Java. Bangkalan Regency, East Java. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. documentation. The results showed that the application of management accounting helps Labang Iced Tea Poci in determining the optimal selling price, managing cash flow, and increasing the efficiency of operational costs. cash flow, and improve operational cost efficiency. By analysing the break-even point, budget management, and recording break-even analysis, budget management, and systematic financial recording, this MSME is able to increase net profit to Rp 254,000 per day on the able to increase net profit up to IDR 254,000 per day at certain pricing strategies. pricing strategy. In addition, structured cash management allows the business to maintain liquidity and avoid deficits. maintain liquidity and avoid operational deficits. This research concluded that management accounting plays an important role in improving financial performance and support the sustainability of MSME businesses. The implementation of management accounting not only improves the efficiency of financial management, but also serves as a foundation for better strategic decision-making. the foundation for better strategic decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the influence of job satisfaction and productivity on hybrid work performance at PT Asuransi Jiwa Generali Indonesia, especially in the Finance department. The method used is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques through questionnaires and documentation. The research sample amounted to 66 respondents. There are three main variables: X1 (Job Satisfaction), X2 (Productivity), and Y (Work Performance). The results of the analysis showed that partially, job satisfaction had a significant effect on work performance, as evidenced by a probability value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a Thcal value of 5.437 > Ttable 1.99834. Productivity also showed a partially significant influence on work performance, with a probability value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a Thcount of 4.213 > Ttable 1.99834. Simultaneously, job satisfaction and productivity have a significant effect on work performance, as shown by the results of the F test with a probability value of 0.000 < 0.05 and Fcal 998.377 > Ftable 3.14. These findings confirm that increasing job satisfaction and productivity simultaneously can drive more optimal work performance in a hybrid work system. The practical implication of this research is the need for a managerial strategy that focuses on improving employee well-being and work efficiency to support organizational performance on a sustainable basis.

Community service (PKM) is one of the pillars of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, aimed at improving the quality of life of society through the transfer of knowledge and technology. This study focuses on the strategic role of PKM in addressing the low literacy levels in Indonesia, an issue that directly impacts social-economic welfare. Based on literature studies, this article analyzes the relationship between PKM, literacy, and welfare, as well as identifying effective implementation methods. The analysis results show that PKM is not only limited to formal education but must also be solution-oriented, participatory, and sustainable. Relevant PKM programs, such as the establishment of reading gardens, digital training for MSMEs, and financial education, have proven effective in enhancing community literacy. Improving literacy, including digital and financial literacy, is an essential tool for empowering communities to access information, develop skills, and make informed decisions. Digital literacy, for instance, opens access to vast information, while financial literacy helps communities manage their finances wisely, ultimately increasing their economic competitiveness. Through a participatory approach, PKM can also encourage communities to be more actively involved in decision-making processes related to their welfare. Through PKM programs, academics can bridge the knowledge and skills gap in society, contributing to the reduction of poverty and inequality. Thus, literacy not only functions to enhance individual capacity but also serves as a bridge to better welfare, covering economic, social, and health aspects. Solution-oriented and sustainable PKM programs can be the key to creating a more prosperous and independent society.

This study aims to examine the effect of leadership style and workload on employee productivity in the Finance and Risk Management Directorate of PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. The research was conducted from February to July 2025 with 31 employee respondents. The study employed a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires and analyzing it using multiple linear regression. The research sought to understand how leadership style and workload influence the productivity of employees within this specific department. The results indicate that, partially, leadership style and workload have no significant effect on employee productivity, with significance values greater than 0.05. This suggests that individual leadership styles and workloads, when considered separately, may not have a strong direct impact on productivity. However, when analyzed simultaneously, both variables significantly influence employee productivity, with a significance value of less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination reveals that leadership style and workload contribute 16.3% to employee productivity, indicating that while these factors play a role, the majority of the variation in productivity (83.7%) is due to other factors not explored in this study. These findings highlight the need for the company to consider a holistic approach to human resource management, focusing not only on leadership style and workload but also on other variables that could further enhance employee productivity. This research provides valuable input for improving organizational strategies

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, profitability, capital structure, and asset structure on firm value in the food and beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019–2023 period. This causal research employs secondary data obtained from annual reports and applies purposive sampling, resulting in 13 companies with a total of 65 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted after passing classical assumption tests. The findings indicate that profitability and capital structure have a significant positive effect on firm value, while asset structure has a substantial adverse effect. Firm size shows no significant impact on firm value. These results suggest that efficiency has a greater influence on firm value in resource utilization and financial structure management than the size of assets owned. This study contributes to the corporate finance literature, particularly in the context of Indonesia’s food and beverage industry. It provides practical implications for managers and investors in making informed investment decisions.

This Community Partnership Program (PKM) was implemented to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Balang Baru Subdistrict, Tamalate District, Makassar City, particularly in financial management. The main problems faced by local MSME actors include low financial literacy and the absence of systematic and sustainable financial recording practices, which hinder optimal business performance evaluation. Through this program, a team from Universitas Negeri Makassar designed and carried out training and mentoring activities focused on the use of digital financial recording systems that are user-friendly for MSME actors. The activities included the preparation of training materials on basic financial management, hands-on practice in preparing simple financial statements, the use of digital bookkeeping applications, and an evaluation of their implementation. The training was conducted intensively over three days using interactive and practical methods. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in managing business finances, recording transactions in an organized manner, and preparing financial reports that could be used for basic business analysis. Moreover, the program encouraged MSME actors to become more independent in making data-driven business decisions. This initiative is expected to have a long-term impact in promoting professionalism among MSMEs and serve as a replicable model for community empowerment through improved financial literacy.

This study aims to compare the results of student living cost estimates over a four-year study period using two approaches in financial mathematics, namely the discrete model and the continuous model. The background of the study is based on the need for students to manage their personal finances effectively amidst rising living costs due to inflation. The discrete model is used to predict expenses at certain time intervals, while the continuous model assumes that changes in the value of money occur continuously at all times. This study uses a quantitative descriptive-comparative method with controlled simulations on 100 student data with variations in monthly living costs between Rp2,000,000–Rp4,000,000 and a random inflation rate of 0%–20%. The data were analyzed using discrete and continuous growth formulas, then a Paired Sample t-Test was performed to determine significant differences between the two models. The results show that both models produce very similar living cost estimates with an average difference of only about 1–3% of the total four-year costs. The continuous model produces slightly higher results than the discrete model due to its exponential and continuous nature of calculations. However, the statistical test results showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two. Practically, both approaches can be used equally in student financial planning, with the discrete model being more appropriate for short-term projections and the continuous model being more appropriate for long-term projections.

This study examines the integration of Maqasid al-Sharia the objectives of Islamic law into contemporary sustainable development frameworks, focusing on how Islamic ethical principles can guide social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Maqasid al-Sharia traditionally aims to preserve five core elements: religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth, all of which contribute to human well being. The research explores how these principles can be adapted to address modern challenges such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, highlighting the potential of Maqasid al-Sharia to align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key Islamic principles, including justice (ʿadl), public welfare (maṣlaḥah), and ecological stewardship (khilafah), provide a moral framework for sustainable development, ensuring that economic growth is achieved alongside social justice and environmental preservation. The study also examines the role of Islamic finance, particularly tools like Sukuk, Zakat, and Waqf, in promoting sustainability by funding social welfare projects and supporting environmental initiatives. By comparing Maqasid al-Sharia with secular sustainability models, the research underscores the importance of integrating ethical and spiritual accountability into sustainability efforts. While secular models often prioritize economic growth, Islamic sustainability frameworks emphasize the interconnectedness of human development, social justice, and ecological balance, offering a more holistic approach. The findings suggest that integrating Maqasid al-Sharia into policy and development frameworks can provide a comprehensive, ethically grounded approach to addressing global sustainability challenges. Future research should focus on empirical studies to assess the practical application of Maqasid al-Sharia in real world sustainable development projects and policy making, particularly in Muslim majority societies.

The development of Islamic banking plays a crucial role in driving economic growth through the principles of fair finance. However, the performance of Islamic banks still faces challenges in maintaining stable profitability. Two key factors often cited as determinants of performance are risk management and customer satisfaction. On the one hand, effective risk management is necessary to control problem financing, while on the other hand, customer satisfaction fosters loyalty and funding stability. However, the existing literature tends to examine these two aspects separately, thus lacking a complete picture of their integrative relationship with profitability. This study, a systematic literature review (SLR), aims to analyze the relationship between risk management, customer satisfaction, and profitability of Islamic banks, as well as their implications for economic growth. The review process adopted the PRISMA 2020 protocol, encompassing academic publications from 2015–2025 from various databases. Article selection was conducted using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring that only relevant studies were further analyzed. The study's findings demonstrate two key pillars supporting Islamic banking performance: effective risk management—particularly in controlling problem financing—and a high level of customer satisfaction, which supports loyalty and the stability of third-party funds. However, the findings also indicate a methodological gap. The literature rarely develops models that examine the simultaneous influence of risk management and customer satisfaction on profitability. Furthermore, the limitations of qualitative research and the weaknesses of customer satisfaction measurement instruments hinder a more comprehensive understanding. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of developing a more integrative theory of Islamic banking performance. Future managerial strategies should emphasize the harmonization of risk management and service orientation, so that Islamic banks not only maintain profitability but also contribute more significantly to economic growth.

This study addresses common problems in start-up businesses: lack of financial management and low presentation of financial statements due to limited human resources. With a conceptual qualitative research (CQR) approach, the research integrates accounting theory and business life cycle theory to design a process for presenting relevant financial statements for business actors who run individual operations. The main findings point to two things: first, the need for resources that understand finance is an inevitability that can be met through education, training, and induction observation; Second, the synthesis of accounting theory and business life cycle maps the conceptual area for the report presentation model that is tailored to the conditions of the beginner business. The proposed model covers the scope of management ranging from recording transactions on the cash mutation book, journaling to reveal the double impact of transactions, to grouping account balances on the ledger to produce relevant information. This process differs from the conventional accounting cycle in that it starts from the cashier function combined with the accounting function, thus reducing the need for separate specialists. The combination of cashier and accountant functions in one practical and relevant accounting flow for individual businesses, allows business owners to supervise their financial performance and position through simple but informative reports.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and national food security. Conventional financing is often poorly suited to the unique characteristics of the agricultural sector, prompting the exploration of more adaptive alternatives. Islamic banking, with its principles of fairness and risk-sharing, offers innovative financing solutions. One such contract with significant potential but underutilized is the Salam contract, a purchase-and-sell contract where payment is made upfront and goods are delivered at a later date. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Salam contract in depth, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation in the Islamic agricultural sector, and formulate strategies for optimizing its application. Using a qualitative descriptive research method based on literature review and comparative analysis, this article finds that the Salam contract offers an effective financing solution for farmers' working capital needs, price risk mitigation for farmers, and supply security for buyers. Key challenges include the risk of crop failure, quality risk, moral hazard risk, and limited supporting infrastructure and market understanding. Optimizing the Salam contract can be achieved through the development of innovative contract models, strengthening risk management through takaful instrumentation, utilizing digital technology, improving Islamic financial literacy, and collaboration between stakeholders. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for Islamic financial institutions, farmers, and policymakers to create a more inclusive and sustainable Islamic agricultural financing ecosystem. With the right approach, the Salam contract has the potential to become a key instrument in Islamic agricultural financing. Its widespread implementation can drive the transformation of the agricultural sector toward a more productive and equitable direction. Sustainable efforts are needed to ensure its effective implementation in the field.

Assistance funds from the APBN through the West Sumba Regency APBD can be allocated to funds through the Village Financial System application. This financial system has been widely used by all village offices. However, the budget is used by the reports reported to the financial system. The purpose of the researcher is to assess the level of satisfaction with the utilization and documentation of financial resources. This study is conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to relevant respondents. Based primarily on the responses gathered from the questionnaires, the researcher employs the SPSS software as a tool for statistical data analysis. The results of the test found that all test results were valid, namely for reliable test values of 0.789, 0.779, and 0.805 through Cronbach Alpha. 

Financial stability plays a vital role in determining an individual’s overall well-being, and saving is considered one of the most fundamental practices for managing personal finances and preparing for future uncertainties. In many developing regions, the level of savings among employees remains relatively low, making it crucial to understand the factors that encourage or hinder saving behavior. This study aims to examine the influence of financial inclusion, lifestyle, and financial planning on the saving behavior of private sector employees in Jombang Regency, Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative approach by distributing structured questionnaires to 100 respondents who met the eligibility criteria. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique to ensure that only employees with sufficient financial exposure and employment stability were included. The instrument used a Likert-scale to measure perceptions and behaviors, and the data collected were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with the assistance of SmartPLS version 3 software. The findings reveal that financial inclusion, lifestyle, and financial planning each exert a significant and positive effect on saving behavior. Employees who have greater access to financial services and products are more likely to engage in consistent saving practices. Likewise, individuals who adopt a prudent lifestyle and maintain effective financial planning demonstrate stronger saving discipline. These results underscore the importance of integrating financial literacy and planning strategies with broader financial inclusion programs. In conclusion, promoting financial inclusion, encouraging simple and sustainable lifestyle choices, and strengthening financial planning skills can collectively enhance saving behavior among employees. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and employers seeking to foster long-term financial resilience and economic security for the workforce.

Public Financial Management (PFM) is a critical element of good governance, transparency, and accountability, with direct implications for education and youth development. Despite its significance, research on PFM in these sectors remains fragmented, limiting a holistic understanding of its impact. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize existing scholarship on PFM in education and youth affairs, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search across Scopus and Web of Science identified peer-reviewed studies addressing financial governance, budgeting practices, accountability mechanisms, and financial literacy programs. The findings reveal that effective PFM contributes to improved educational outcomes by enhancing financial literacy, ensuring timely budget disbursement, promoting student savings, and enabling equitable access to financial education. Conversely, persistent challenges such as delays in fund allocation, weak accountability, and disparities in program implementation continue to hinder progress. The review also highlights the broader implications of SLRs in advancing curriculum innovation, guiding evidence-based policymaking, and strengthening accountability frameworks in education finance. This study contributes to both theory and practice by offering an integrated synthesis of PFM in education and youth affairs, identifying critical research gaps, and providing recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The results underscore the importance of embedding financial literacy into school curricula, adopting performance-based budgeting, and fostering collaboration between researchers and policymakers. Ultimately, strengthening PFM in education not only enhances institutional efficiency but also equips youth with the financial skills and opportunities required for sustainable social and economic development The findings from this review contribute to the ongoing discourse on PFM by offering an integrated synthesis of current knowledge. The study not only uncovers critical research gaps but also provides actionable recommendations for both policymakers and practitioners.

This study was conducted to explore in depth how ethical pressure, ethical orientation, and religiosity influence earnings management practices, while also examining whether religiosity plays a role as a moderating variable in this relationship. Using a quantitative, survey-based approach, this study involved 109 respondents with professional backgrounds and experience in accounting and finance, thus deemed relevant in understanding the phenomenon of earnings management from a practitioner's perspective. The data analysis technique used was Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which is considered appropriate for examining relationships between latent variables with high complexity. The results show that ethical pressure has a positive and significant influence on earnings management practices, meaning that the greater the ethical pressure a person feels, the higher the tendency to engage in such practices. Conversely, ethical orientation shows a negative and significant influence, so that individuals with a strong ethical orientation tend to reject this manipulative practice. Religiosity is also shown to have a significant negative influence, so that the higher a person's level of religiosity, the lower their tendency to engage in earnings management. Furthermore, moderation analysis found that religiosity strengthens the influence of ethical orientation in suppressing earnings management practices, meaning that individuals who are both religious and have a high ethical orientation are more consistent in maintaining their integrity. However, the role of religiosity was not proven to be significant in moderating the relationship between ethical pressure and earnings management practices, indicating that although religiosity can shape ethical attitudes, it is not sufficient to mitigate the impact of strong external pressures. These findings imply the importance of strengthening ethical values ​​and religiosity in accounting education and practice to prevent opportunistic behavior that is detrimental to related parties.

This study aims to explore the implementation of the 12-Year Compulsory Learning policy in Kaimana Regency, West Papua, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities faced by the Finance Section of the Education, Youth, and Sports Office in managing the education budget. This study also examines how budget management and allocation of education funds can improve access and quality of education in the area, as well as the role of coordination between local governments, schools, and communities. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used in this study to collect data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results of the study show that despite efforts to improve performance-based budget management, limited infrastructure and human resources remain the main challenges in the implementation of education policies. Weak coordination between stakeholders, as well as active community involvement, are important factors influencing the success of the 12-Year Compulsory Learning policy. This study recommends increasing the capacity of human resources, allocating more equitable budgets, and strengthening collaboration between local governments, schools, and communities to increase the effectiveness of these policies. Thus, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the implementation of education policies in remote areas and proposes practical solutions to address existing challenges. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in education budget management as an effort to build public trust and ensure that available funds are truly used to support improvements in education quality. In the context of Kaimana Regency, which faces geographical challenges and limited access, a participatory oversight mechanism involving the community and independent oversight institutions is key to ensuring that budget allocations are not only on target but also capable of driving real change on the ground.