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Agroforestry is also a form of sustainable agriculture model. Agroforestry systems are formed of three main components, namely forestry, agriculture, and livestock. The agrosilvopastura system is the combination of woody components (forestry) with agriculture (annuals) as well as livestock on the same land management unit. The priority order of the most important alternative options for sustainable agriculture includes strengthening farmer institutions, developing a cadre of farmers/farmer groups aware of sustainable agriculture, and increasing demonstration activities for sustainable agricultural technology. Financial analysis shows that all agroforestry systems are economically viable, and agrosilvopastura provides the most inputs compared to agrosilnikultur and silvopastura. Erosion that occurs on agroforestry land agroforestry, especially agrosilvoculture in the buffer zone of Southeast Aceh District is not harmful because it is smaller than the allowable erosion (<30.6 tons/ha/yr). The total biomass and carbon of stands in agroforestry systems with agrosilvopastura type of 103.17 and 46.74 tons per hectare, respectively, are similar to the total biomass and carbon of stands in mangrove forests. carbon in Rhizophora apiculata mangrove forest with a density of 463 trees per hectare, which were 169.46 (biomass) and 47.08 (carbon) tons per hectare, respectively. Agrosilvopastura systems can play a role in mitigating floods compared to monoculture farming systems for each hectare of land for every 1 hour of work.

Southeast Aceh Regency has a huge potential to bring its agricultural sector to a better level in all aspects. However, several obstacles still hinder the sustainability of agriculture in our country. Therefore, it is imperative to reform agricultural products by using technology for yield and efficiency in agriculture. Young people are the most competent in modernizing technology nowadays. Agricultural regeneration related to agricultural product reform is important to involve the elderly and the younger generation in improving productivity. However, there are problems with farmer regeneration caused by various reasons in the southeast Aceh district. The purpose of this study is to determine how farmer regeneration can impact agricultural products and modernize agriculture going forward. A descriptive qualitative research method was used along with a literature review strategy. In addition, secondary data sources such as books, journals and other references, previous research were also used to support the research. The data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are strategies aimed at parents and the younger generation of farmers must be carried out to encourage better regeneration of farmers. Regeneration of farmers to modernize agriculture can be done by providing agricultural education and training.

This study aims to describe Ecocriticism and Ecological Logic of Ama Nara Short Story by Silvester Petara Hurit. This study uses an ecocritic approach with a descriptive qualitative research method. The results of the Ecocriticism and Ecological Logic research of Ama Nara Short Story by Silvester Petara Hurit are as follows, (1) nature is the highest manifestation of Lamaholot society. The ecological logic that being modern in Ama Nara's view does not have to leave nature and ancestors. Ecocriticism of the attitude of the main character of the short story, Ama Nara who is not tempted by the modern lifestyle, (2) the attachment of farmers and nature. Ama Nara's ecological logic to protect the environment, continue to care for the fertility of the soil naturally, and that is actually much more valuable. Ecocriticism lies in Ama Nara's attitude to persist in choices, and (3) empowerment of natural resources. Ama Nara's ecological logic creates a local food barn (hoku) so that food needs are met. Ecocriticism lies in Ama Nara's attitude to remain consistent in maintaining traditional life by continuing to empower existing natural resources that make her family happy.

Sumenep Regency has a wealth of agribusiness superior commodities such as rice, corn, chili, onions, tobacco, coconut, and the livestock sector in the form of cattle and goats. This research aims to explore this potential and formulate an adaptive and sustainable agribusiness development strategy. The approach used involves field studies, primary and secondary data collection, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that obstacles such as low access to technology, inadequate infrastructure, and weak farmer institutions need to be answered with strategies to strengthen institutions, modernize technology, develop derivative products, and digitize the market. The implementation of this strategy is projected to be able to increase the productivity and welfare of farmers, as well as encourage sustainable regional economic growth.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

Clove is one of the plantation commodities that plays a significant role in the national economy, particularly as a raw material for the kretek cigarette industry, as well as the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing clove production in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. The independent variables used in this study include labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer, while clove production serves as the dependent variable. A quantitative approach was employed using a multiple linear regression analysis in the form of a power function. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 140 clove farmers as respondents. The results of the study indicate that labor, capital, harvested area, and fertilizer simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production in Bengkel Village. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on production. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the use of these production factors to improve clove yields in Bengkel Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of strengthening beef cattle farming through an integrated agribusiness subsystem approach at the Sebatur Tunggal Farmer Group in Muara Badak District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The background of this study is based on the importance of developing an integrated agribusiness system to increase the productivity and competitiveness of smallholder livestock farming, especially in the face of challenges such as feed availability, market access, and institutional and technological support. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, where data is collected through observation, in-depth interviews with members of farmer groups and related parties, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that each agribusiness subsystem—starting from the input subsystem (upstream), cultivation subsystem (on-farm), processing and marketing subsystem (downstream), to supporting subsystems such as institutions, capital, and technology—is still running partially and has not been optimally integrated. The main problems identified include limited access to quality feed, low application of efficient cultivation technology, limitations in processing livestock products, and weak marketing and partnership networks. In addition, the institutional capacity of farmer groups to manage businesses collectively still needs to be strengthened. The conclusion of this study states that the strategy for strengthening beef cattle farming businesses needs to be focused on developing an integrated agribusiness system with support from training, extension, access to inputs and markets, and cross-sector collaboration. The main recommendation is the need for policy interventions that encourage synergy between subsystems and empower farmers through a participatory and sustainable approach to create a resilient and competitive community farm.

Farmers in Kediri City still have low awareness of proper livestock waste management. It has also been reported that many local residents have complained about the pollution caused by livestock waste. Furthermore, the waste is often disposed of in makeshift dumping sites created by the farmers themselves, and some farmers even discharge livestock waste into the Brantas River. The purpose of this study was to analyze livestock farmers' participation and the factors influencing their involvement in the livestock waste processing program. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method, for sampling the population of farmers, it was obtained by the purposive sampling method, namely selecting respondents who participated in the beef cattle waste processing program in Kediri City. The main variables observed in this study were: motivation (X2), perception (X3), role of stakeholders (X4), participation (Y1), and sustainability (Y2). This research study employed a descriptive survey method. The questionnaires are the main tool in gathering data. The data analysis method involved statistical model testing using SEM SmartPLS. The results showed that livestock farmers' participation in the beef cattle waste processing program was influenced by motivation and perception variables. This is attributed to the minimal role played by stakeholders in livestock waste processing in Kediri City. Furthermore, higher levels of motivation and more positive perceptions are associated with greater participation, which in turn has a positive impact on sustainability.

The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and behavior of beef cattle farmers in Badas Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, based on demographic factors. The research was conducted in the Badas Subdistrict area. This study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach using survey methods. The variables investigated were the characteristics and behavior of beef cattle farmers based on demographics, including gender, age, years of farming experience, education level, primary occupation, number of family dependents, livestock ownership, livestock ownership status, animal feed, timing of cattle sales, and location of cattle sales. The findings revealed that in Badas Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, all cattle farmers were male (100%). Most farmers were aged 46–55 years (57.76%), and 38.09% had more than 10 years of farming experience. The majority had completed junior or senior high school. The main occupation of 69.04% of farmers was farming. Most farmers had 1–2 dependents (50%) and owned more than 3 cattle. Livestock ownership was predominantly personal (64.28%). All farmers used agricultural waste as animal feed. Cattle were sold based on urgent needs, and 61.90% of farmers sold their cattle through intermediaries (blantik).

To analyze the role of farmer groups in increasing the production of paddy farming in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this study was 19 people. Taken 10-15% or 20-25% or more of the population. The Farmer Group Role Assessment Score was measured using a Likert scale. Each criterion has a range as a limit, the respondent's answers to each variable can be classified, namely (1) High Category, (2) Medium Category, (1) Low Category. The role of the paddy farming group in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, obtained the results of the role of the farmer group "High" with an average of 2.60. The scores of the three indicators, namely the learning class with a score of 486 with an average of 2.56 high category, cooperation facilities with a score of 496 with an average of 2.61 high category and production units with a score of 502 with an average of 2.64 high category. The role of farmer groups is related to the income of rice farmers in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency. The results of the Chi-Square calculation above show that the calculated X2 value is 4.337, which is greater than the X2 table of 3.841 (4.33> 3.841). Because the calculated X2 is greater than the X2 table, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the role of farmer groups in increasing the income of rice farming businesses in Puundombi Village, Tongauna Utara District, Konawe Regency.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the study of Chili Pepper Farming and Farmer Income in Dawi-Dawi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. The sampling method used in this study was the census method. The census method is a method that takes one population group as a sample as a whole and uses a structured questionnaire as the main data collection tool to obtain specific information, where the respondents are all farmers who have been sampled in this study. so that the number of samples in this study was 10 people. To solve the research problem, namely by using a qualitative descriptive method. The agribusiness system of Chili Pepper farming production in Dawi-Dawi Village, Wonggeduku District consists of upstream to downstream subsystems. The upstream subsystem is the procurement of production facilities such as seeds, fertilizers, medicines, while the tools used are simple and modern tools, namely machetes, hoes, machetes, sprayers, sickles and chopping machines, all production facilities and tools are purchased at farmer shops and agricultural equipment stores. On-farm substem/cayenne pepper cultivation in Dawi-Dawi Village starts from land preparation, planting, fertilizing, weeding/replanting, pest control and harvesting. While the downstream/marketing subsystem, cayenne pepper farmers sell their production directly to middlemen at a price of Rp 55,000 per kilogram.

Milkfish farming in coastal ponds of Ujung Watu Village, Jepara, is highly influenced by the stability of water salinity levels. Significant fluctuations in salinity can interfere with the growth and health of fish, so an adaptive control system is needed. Research methods include field data collection, hardware and software design, and system testing in an active pond for 14 days (23-hour sampling), where data is extracted for 23 hours. The system uses a salinity sensor to detect water conditions, PLC to automatically control the brackish water pump, while wireless remote control uses IoT, in addition to controliing, IoT to send data to the Android-based monitoring platform. The test results show that this machine is able to maintain salinity levels within the optimal range of 10000-30000 ppm, and provide remote monitoring convenience to pond farmers. The monitoring system serves as a predictive for manual wireless control of electric pumps (IoT), while automatic control is controlled by PLC.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the income and feasibility of lowland rice farming. The study was conducted in Umbu Pabal Village, Umbu Ratu Nggay Barat District, Central Sumba Regency from May to June 2025. The research sample was 81 lowland rice farmers in Umbu Pabal Village. Data analysis used in this study includes income analysis and feasibility analysis of lowland rice farming. The results of the income analysis show that the average income of lowland rice farming in Umbu Pabal Village is IDR 31,548,817.37 per hectare. The results of the feasibility analysis of lowland rice farming in Umbu Pabal Village indicate that agricultural activities are feasible to implement.

Mbatakapidu Village has abundant natural resource potential, especially agricultural waste and local forages that have not been optimally utilized as animal feed. This Community Service. Program (PkM) aims to educate and empower the village community through counseling and training in making silage feed for goats, as a solution in providing quality feed in the area. The implementation method includes location surveys, making silage samples, technical training and direct assistance in the process of fermenting local forage into silage, and program evaluation carried out during March - May 2025. The results of the activities showed an increase in farmers' understanding and skills in processing local feed ingredients into silage, as well as growing awareness of the importance of feed technology in supporting sustainable local potential-based livestock productivity in Mbatakapidu Village.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was motivated by the limited understanding and skills of farmer groups in managing administrative systems, which are essential prerequisites for developing agribusiness partnerships. Farmer groups under the supervision of the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) of Dumai Timur District, Dumai City, have not yet implemented well-organized data recording and administrative management, resulting in low institutional readiness to establish agribusiness partnerships. This program aimed to apply administrative management practices to strengthen farmer group institutions and support the development of agribusiness partnerships. The methods used included extension activities through lectures, interactive discussions, and hands-on practice in preparing and managing farmer group administrative records. The results indicate an improvement in farmers’ understanding of the importance of administrative management in agribusiness partnerships, enhanced skills in organizing and maintaining administrative records, and the emergence of collective awareness of institutional governance. Furthermore, the program contributed to behavioral changes within farmer organizations, increased leadership roles among group administrators, and initiatives to develop more structured and sustainable agribusiness partnerships

Salenrang Village, Bontoa District, Maros Regency has quite large potential for cassava commodities, but its utilization is still limited. To increase the added value and independence of local food, training was conducted on making MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) flour for the local Women Farmers Group (KWT). The implementation method was in the form of education, demonstration, and direct practice. The results of the activity showed an increase in technical understanding by 80%, as well as the emergence of initiatives for developing household-scale businesses based on mocaf. This activity has proven effective in increasing the capacity, economic role, and entrepreneurial spirit of women in the village.

Technology is now increasingly advanced and developing rapidly. Almost every aspect of human life is now assisted by technology, especially computerized technology. This technology has penetrated almost all aspects of life and significantly increased efficiency in completing work. With the existence of computerized technology, many processes that were previously time-consuming and labor-intensive can now be done more quickly, easily, and efficiently. One example of the application of technology in everyday life is the design of a smart cupboard for storing shallots. This smart cupboard is designed to help shallot farmers and sellers store their agricultural products more efficiently. The working system of this tool is similar to the method of storing shallots in traditional huts, but with more sophisticated technology. This smart cupboard can regulate temperature and humidity automatically, which is very important to maintain the quality of shallots. The optimal temperature for storing shallots is between 25º - 30º C, with air humidity around 50% - 60%. If the temperature or humidity in the cupboard does not match the desired conditions, the system will automatically activate the lights and fans to return the temperature and humidity to the desired level. With this automated control system, shallots can be kept fresh for longer, reducing the damage that typically occurs to shallots due to unstable temperature or humidity. The advantage of this smart cabinet is that it can maintain the quality of shallots for a long time, even when stored in large quantities. This greatly assists farmers and traders in reducing losses due to perishable shallots and increasing the efficiency of shallot storage and distribution.  

This study attempts to understand how industrial development strategies are closely related to other economic sectors. Like building a house, industrialization is an important foundation country or region's economy, from relying on agriculture to focusing more on industry. Like an ecosystem, each sector needs and influences each other. Emphasizing the importance of cooperation between sectors, such as farmers who provide raw materials for the food industry, or technology companies that create innovations to increase industrial efficiency. In addition, economic diversification, namely developing various types of industries, is also important so that the economy does not rely too much on one sector. Through comparisons between countries, this study good economic Like an orchestra, each sector must play harmoniously to create a beautiful economic melody.

This research aims to develop liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from goat livestock waste and paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) conducted in Makale, Tana Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This study aims to determine the response of cucumber plants to the application of LOF derived from the combination of goat livestock waste and paitan plants. Goat livestock waste contains macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), while paitan plants are green organic materials rich in nutrients and easily decomposed. The combination of both is expected to naturally improve soil fertility and optimally support the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different LOF concentration treatments and five replications. Parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant. The LOF production process is carried out through fermentation for 21 days with a ratio of goat livestock waste and paitan of 3:1, and the addition of EM4 as a microorganism activator. This research also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF application on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves) and yield (number and weight of fruits) of cucumber plants, and compare it with treatments without LOF or with inorganic fertilizers. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for local farmers in developing organic fertilizers based on local resources that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable to increase agricultural productivity in the Tana Toraja region.

Horticultural commodities are an important component in the development of agriculture that continues to grow. In order to fulfill family nutrition, horticultural cultivation is one of the routine jobs of farmers in Kawangu Village, Pandawai District-East Sumba which is located in a coastal area with an altitude of 40 meters above sea level. The soil conditions that are more dominated by sand and rocks cause farmers in the location to experience obstacles in fulfilling organic fertilizers as an important input in the process of cultivating horticultural plants. This community service activity is expected to provide new knowledge about making solid organic fertilizers so that farmers can apply them to horticultural plants. Community service activities are carried out using the PRA (Participatory Rural Approach) method including observation, problem identification, counseling, making solid organic fertilizers, mentoring and evaluation. Through this activity, farmers have succeeded in making solid organic fertilizers using local materials available around the horticultural land and have been applied directly in the cultivation of horticultural plants. This community service has been successfully implemented independently by farmers by utilizing leaf litter and livestock manure around the horticultural land.