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Fluent reading ability level 2 has an important component, namely pronouncing reading clearly with the use of pauses, intonation and appropriate expressions with the aim of getting information from the reading material being read. Fluent reading ability level 2 is very important for children to master in order to understand reading with clear pronunciation of reading, accompanied by the use of appropriate intionation, pauses and expressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a person's fluent reading ability level 2 in terms of reading speed with the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. Five children were assessed in a reading test involving the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. This method was chosen to understand in depth the process and factors that influence reading fluency in certain individuals. The subjects of the study were one grade 2 student totaling 5 people. Data were collected through observation, interviews with students' parents. The results showed that there were 2 children who were able to read fluently and 3 children who still had difficulty in reading fluently.

This study aims to apply pop-up book media to human senses in IPAS learning to improve the learning interest of fourth grade students of MI Malik Ibrahim Jenggawah. The background of this study shows the low interest in learning of students which has a negative impact on their academic achievement. Students who are not interested in reading and rarely do so tend to have difficulty in understanding the subject matter. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collection includes observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative approach analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in students' learning interest after the application of pop-up book media. After the action was carried out, students were more enthusiastic, participated and understood. The study shows that the use of pop-up book media can create a pleasant and effective atmosphere in learning.    

Understanding the basic concept of multiplication is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the extent of understanding the concept of multiplication of whole numbers in third grade elementary school students. A strong understanding of the concept at the initial stage is very important as a basis for mastering subsequent materials. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of diagnostic tests. The test is designed to identify the level of understanding of third grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were third grade elementary school students. The results of the mini-research showed that some students had difficulty understanding story problems so that they considered them to be additions, errors when reading multiplication problems, and misconceptions that emerged in solving multiplication problems. Students had great difficulty making mathematical forms from story problems. These findings provide an important picture for teachers to design more effective learning and adjust their learning needs. Keywords: understanding concepts, mathematics learning, multiplication.

Fluent reading ability level 2 has an important component, namely pronouncing reading clearly with the use of pauses, intonation and appropriate expressions with the aim of getting information from the reading material being read. Fluent reading ability level 2 is very important for children to master in order to understand reading with clear pronunciation of reading, accompanied by the use of appropriate intionation, pauses and expressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a person's fluent reading ability level 2 in terms of reading speed with the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. Five children were assessed in a reading test involving the use of appropriate pauses, intonation and expressions. This method was chosen to understand in depth the process and factors that influence reading fluency in certain individuals. The subjects of the study were one grade 2 student totaling 5 people. Data were collected through observation, interviews with students' parents. The results showed that there were 2 children who were able to read fluently and 3 children who still had difficulty in reading fluently.

Deep learning (immersion learning) focuses on understanding concepts and developing critical thinking skills. However, 65% of elementary school teachers in partner schools still have difficulty implementing it. The purpose of this article is to identify innovative strategies to improve teacher skills through training 65 teachers from 8 elementary schools who are members of the teacher working group. The results of the training showed that 80% of teachers improved understanding, 70% reported increased interactive learning, and 60% used learning techniques. Continuous training and support in the use of technology are essential to enrich the learning experience for students. It is expected to inspire education policies at the elementary school level to optimize the implementation of deep learning in competency-based curriculum and improve the quality of education.

UMKM or the abbreviation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises is a business unit that is currently starting to be widely developed in the community as a major part of the economic program in Indonesia. Currently, the financial recording process on the part of UMKM is still not in accordance with the established standards. The problems faced are the difficulty in recording finances and the lack of knowledge in making financial reports. UMKM transaction data is still recorded manually or by hand, in addition, UMKM often experiences loss of transaction data. In an effort to improve the efficiency and standards of UMKM financial reports, an application is needed that can help UMKM in recording finances and making financial reports. This application aims to facilitate UMKM financial recording. The prototype method is used in designing the application, the use of this method facilitates iteration and initial testing involving input or feedback from users directly. The black box testing method is used to ensure that the functionality of the UMKM accounting application runs well. This study produces an Accounting Application that can facilitate UMKM in recording finances and making reports in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM).  

This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of PSPK 23 B students at Medan State University on atomic theory questions. With a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through multiple-choice tests filled out by 30 students. The results showed an average understanding of 75.33%, which is quite good. However, there was significant variation where some students mastered basic concepts (eg Dalton and Thomson's atomic models), while others had difficulty with abstract topics (eg Bohr's model and quantum mechanics). This finding is in line with previous studies on misconceptions in atomic structure. This study emphasizes the importance of innovative learning strategies, such as visual media and conceptual approaches, to improve student understanding. Periodic evaluation is needed to detect learning gaps and adjust teaching methods. The results of this study can be a basis for developing more effective chemistry education practices.

This study aims to design and implement a web-based outpatient registration information system at Regional General Hospital (RSUD) X to overcome issues arising from the manual registration system. The current manual registration system at RSUD X causes problems such as long queues, potential data entry errors, lost files, and difficulty in finding patient medical history. As a result, patient waiting times are longer, the administrative staff's workload increases, and the overall effectiveness of services decreases. The research method used is a qualitative one, which describes various processes in the system, from patient data input to the digital registration receipt output. The system design approach uses the waterfall method. Data collection was carried out through purposive sampling, while data gathering was done through interviews with registration officers, direct observation, and a documentation study in the medical records unit. The system is built with a combination of technologies, including PHP as a server-side programming language and MySQL as the database. The result is a web-based outpatient registration information system that can improve the efficiency and quality of hospital services. The advantages of this system include wide accessibility, time efficiency, and effective data management. This system is expected to reduce patient queues, improve the efficiency of the registration process, and simplify patient data management. However, the implementation of this system may face challenges such as limited resources and user skills. Solutions to overcome these challenges are effective resource allocation and user training. Overall, the web-based outpatient registration information system can be an effective solution to improve service quality at RSUD X.

This research aims to look at the conditions and situations in the learning process of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) at MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative method which explains descriptively about SKI learning in this research using direct observation and interview methods by coming to the research location and directly to the r esearch subjects so that data collection can be carried out more effectively. Researchers found one problem at MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City, namely students' learning difficulties which affected students' interest, motivation and learning success. From this research, it was found that what causes learning difficulties for students at Mts Negeri 2 Bengkulu City is related to differences in students with elementary school and SD IT/MI educational backgrounds before entering MTs Negeri 2 Bengkulu City.

Crystal guava farmers in Cikarawang Village, Bogor Regency, face challenges in accessing information related to proper cultivation techniques, from seedling to harvest. The lack of access to valid and easy-to-understand sources of information causes farmers to have difficulty in dealing with various cultivation problems, such as pests, diseases, and effective fertilization. In response to these problems, an innovation was developed in the form of a digital agricultural website containing a complete summary of material on crystal guava cultivation. This website is designed to be easily accessible to farmers and functions as a practical and efficient one-way information media. In addition, this website is also equipped with an online community feature through a discussion group connected to expert mentors in the field of crystal guava cultivation. This feature allows farmers to share experiences, discuss, and obtain direct guidance from experts. This innovation is expected to improve farmers' knowledge, skills, and independence in managing crystal guava cultivation sustainably.

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the Odd Semester Final Summative Questions for the Automotive Basic Engineering Subject for Class X SMK TKM Pertambangan Kebumen using the Anates V4 Application. The exam question data, answer keys, and all students' answers were collected through data collection documentation techniques. Furthermore, using the Anates version 4.02 program, item analysis will be carried out to assess the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, discriminatory power, and effectiveness of distractors. This research method is quantitative descriptive research, the data analyzed is not used to accept or reject the hypothesis; instead, the results of the analysis show a description of the observed symptoms, which are represented by numbers or coefficients between variables. The results showed that 95% of the odd semester final summative questions for the Automotive Basic Engineering subject for Class X SMK TKM Pertambangan Kebumen using the Anates V4 Application had validity, with 5% being invalid. For reliability, the questions had a reliability coefficient of 0.78, which indicated that it had a high coefficient. Furthermore, based on the level of difficulty, 2% were included in the easy category; 40% were included in the moderate category; 55% are in the difficult category; and 3% are in the very difficult category. In terms of discrimination power, 25% are in the good category; 57% are in the sufficient category; and 18% are in the poor category. All distractors function well on 90% of the questions.

The Kebun Soka Sari Women Farmers Group in Sukaraja Village is a group that empowers women in agriculture to support food security and the family economy. Its members are housewives around Griya Asoka who manage small farms in their yards. They develop pakcoy cultivation with a hydroponic system. The women farmer group not only provides healthy food, but also adapts to modern agricultural technology. They are active on social media and sell hydroponic pakcoy vegetables to supplement their income. The purpose of this journal is to determine the adoption of digital technology and introduce a website for marketing agricultural products. The research method used is quantitative method by distributing questionnaires. The questionnaire aims to determine the level of knowledge of farm women's groups and the use of digital in product marketing. The use of digital in product marketing in the Women Farmers Group has no difficulty in adopting digital technology. They have used digital applications to share activities and promote products. Their customers come from local residents and outside the village. They are also enthusiastic about the introduction of websites in product marketing.

This study aims to identify the difficulties faced by tenth-grade students in understanding enumeration rules and to find effective learning solutions. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with 33 tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan as subjects. The instruments used included a diagnostic test in the form of National Examination questions 7-11 on permutations and combinations, interviews with mathematics teachers, and classroom observations. The results showed that the majority of students (50%) were in the moderate understanding category, understanding the basic concepts but frequently making procedural errors. Thirty percent of students were in the low understanding category, having difficulty distinguishing between addition and multiplication rules and applying the concepts to word problems. The main obstacles identified included a lack of mastery of basic concepts, difficulty determining solution steps, a lack of varied practice questions, and limited interactive learning media. Recommended solutions include the use of visual media such as tree diagrams and tables, a contextual approach to everyday life problems, collaborative learning, and the provision of additional tutoring.

This research was conducted to describe the impact of fatherlessness on children's socio-emotional conditions. This topic was chosen because the presence of a father in a child's life has a very important role in shaping the child's socio-emotional aspects. However, the phenomenon of fatherlessness is increasing in society, whether due to divorce, problems in marriage, father's death, or fathers working outside the city. This research uses a systematic literature review to analyze data obtained from various sources. Based on the data findings, it can be seen that children who experience fatherlessness tend to have low self-confidence, have difficulty adapting to the social environment, and experience socio-emotional problems such as loneliness and loss. These impacts can be seen from various phases of development starting from early childhood, adolescence, even to early adulthood.

Puskesmas is one of the health services whose traffic is difficult to determine, because it cannot be predicted that people will get sick and need health services. The queuing system at the puskesmas is implemented through several stages, namely the first stage the patient goes to the counter to get a queue number, after that the patient will be called according to the serial number to be served. This has a big impact on patients who were previously queuing because they have to be willing to wait longer to get service. This queue system often causes various kinds of problems and patient dissatisfaction. The Queue Management System at the Sindangkerta Community Health Center has several problems, including long queue waiting times which tend to be detrimental to patients who will receive services. Long queues cause longer waiting times. The queue is not easily accessible to prospective patients, making it difficult to obtain a queue number. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques using direct observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data collection techniques, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the evaluation of the management of the queuing system at the Sindangkerta Community Health Center is quite good, but there are still problems, including long queue waiting times and difficulty for visitors to get a queue number.  

This study aims to describe how difficulties are experienced by students from each level. The type of research conducted is qualitative descriptive. The subject of the study is a grade VII student at MTs SA Al Murtadho Kedungwaru. There are two instruments used in this study, the main instruments, namely the researcher and the supporting instruments, namely the mathematical anxiety questionnaire, the learning difficulty question test, and the interview guidelines for learning difficulties. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that students who had low math anxiety tended to have difficulty solving problems that required variable determination. Students who have moderate learning difficulties tend to have difficulty in using principles and difficulties in solving problems that require the determination of variables. Students who experience high anxiety tend to experience all indicators of learning difficulties, ranging from difficulty in presenting concepts, difficulties in using principles, and difficulties in solving problems that require the determination of variables..

Based on the results of initial observations that have been carried out at SDN Pesanggrahan 01 Jakarta on August 29, 2023, it is stated that the reading ability of grade 1 students is still low, this is evidenced by the reading test conducted by the class 1A teacher at that time, namely there were 9 out of 23 students and class 1B there were 13 out of 23 students having difficulty in reading. Students find it difficult to understand the concept of letters and words, students also find it difficult to pronounce words and understand the content of reading. In its implementation, this study uses a type of experimental quantitative research through the provision of a special treatment / treatment in the experimental class. The type of True Experiment research was carried out with a Posttest only Group Design design. The sample in this study was taken using Probability sampling technique The results of the Normality Test using Kolmogorof-Smirnov showed that both data were normal. The results of the homogeneity test with a significance level of 0.05 or 5% after processing the data are significant. 0.471 <0.05 then the data is homogeneous. The results of the t-test in this study show that using an independent sample test with in the table it is known that the tcount value is 4.508, seen ttabel in the attached distribution is known ttabel = t0.5/2 (23+23-2) = t0.025 (44) = 1.1. then it is stated that tcount 4.508 > ttable 1.1 with a significance value of. 0.00 > 0.05. then ho is rejected ha is accepted so it can be concluded that there is an effect of picture word card media

This study is based on the importance of Mathematics Learning based on Computational Thinking in Asy-Syifa Islamic Schools, Jambi City, because some students at Asy-Syifa Islamic Schools, Jambi City have difficulty understanding the concept of learning mathematics, lack of practice, and even motivation factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the planning, implementation and evaluation of Mathematics Learning Based on Computational Thinking in the Era of Independent Learning Curriculum in class IV of Asy-Syifa Islamic School, Jambi City. To achieve these goals, the researcher used qualitative research with the method used Phenomenology. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The data source selected was snowball sampling using respondents from the principal, class IVA mathematics study teachers and class IV students. The data analysis techniques used in this study were data reduction, data presentation and data conclusions. The results of this study are 1) Planning of Mathematics Learning Based on Computational Thinking in the Era of Independent Learning Curriculum in grade IV of Asy-Syifa Islamic School, Jambi City includes Introduction to Computational Thinking, Determining learning objectives, Mathematics learning design based on Computational Thinking, Development of media or learning tools, Learning activities, Learning assessment and improvement. 2) Implementation of Mathematics Learning Based on Computational Thinking in the Era of Independent Learning Curriculum in grade IV of Asy-Syifa Islamic School, Jambi City includes Decomposition (Problem Deconstruction), Implementation of technology, Collaboration and Discussion and evaluation and reflection. 3) Evaluation of Mathematics Learning Based on Computational Thinking in the Era of Independent Learning Curriculum in grade IV of Asy-Syifa Islamic School, Jambi City includes Understanding the basic concept of Computational Thinking, Implementation in learning, Assessment of Computational Thinking skills, Learning outcomes and feedback from students and teachers.

The in dubio pro reo principle is a fundamental principle in criminal law that states that if there is doubt in the proof of a case, then the decision must be taken in favor of the defendant. The application of this principle is particularly crucial in rape and murder cases, where the legal consequences faced by the accused are severe. However, the use of this principle often causes debate because it can have an impact on the sense of justice for victims and society. This research uses a normative qualitative method with a normative juridical approach to analyze laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and court decisions related to the application of the in dubio pro reo principle. Data was collected through literature study by analyzing relevant court decisions. The results showed that the application of this principle is based on the negatief wettelijk evidentiary system, which requires a minimum of two valid pieces of evidence and the judge's conviction to impose a sentence. However, in practice, the difficulty of proof in rape and murder cases can lead to the defendant being acquitted despite indications of guilt. Therefore, the balance between the protection of the defendant's rights and justice for the victim must be considered in the application of this principle.

This research aims to analyze students' learning difficulties  in solving mathematical problems, especially in mixed arithmetic operations at the elementary school level. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which collects and analyzes relevant previous research. The research results show that most students have difficulty in understanding questions and doing arithmetic operations, especially in the arithmetic operations section (90% of students have difficulties). Common mistakes include errors in concepts, procedures, and operations, caused by lack of understanding, inaccuracy, and confusion in the order of processing questions. Internal factors such as attitude and motivation as well as external factors such as ineffective teaching methods also affect this difficulty. This research suggests solutions in the form of improving arithmetic exercises, improving the understanding of basic mathematical concepts, using relevant learning media, as well as guidance and remedial for students with difficulties. A creative learning approach is needed to overcome this challenge.