Publication Search

This research discusses the comparison of Mandarin curriculum in six ASEAN member countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Mandarin is increasingly considered strategic in the ASEAN region as economic, educational and cultural ties with China increase. However, teaching approaches and curriculum policies in each country show significant variations. This research uses the literature review method to analyze the policies, curriculum structure, teaching methods, and challenges faced in each country. The results show that Singapore and Malaysia have the most structured and responsive approaches, while countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines still face various barriers in the provision of learning infrastructure and teaching staff. This study recommends the importance of regional collaboration in the development of curriculum standards, teacher training, and the development of contextualized teaching materials so that the quality of Chinese language learning in the ASEAN region can be improved equally.

Understanding the legal system before the arrival of Islam is essential to trace the social, cultural, and spiritual transformation of society, especially Arab. The pre-Islamic legal system, known as the Jahiliyah legal sistem, reflects the social reality of the time and is the main comparison for the radical changes brought by Islam. This study aims to provide an explanation of the forms of law, their characteristics, and sources of law that applied in the pre-Islamic period (Jahiliyah) before the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This study uses a qualitative approach with a historical descriptive method. Based on the results of an in-depth study of the pre-Islamic legal sistem (Jahiliyah), it can be concluded that the law in the pre-Islamic period was unstructured, particularistic, and heavily influenced by customary power and tribal dominance.

This article examines various factors that determine the success and competitiveness of cooperatives in Indonesia from the perspective of economic management education. The analysis draws upon recent empirical studies, theoretical reviews, and case-based comparisons published in the past five years. Findings reveal that institutional governance, member participation, digital innovation, cooperative education, and capital structure are key determinants of cooperative performance. Educational efforts in management, especially in vocational and community-based settings, significantly influence the sustainability and competitiveness of cooperatives in the modern economy.

The crime of defamation in the digital era has become an increasingly complex phenomenon along with the rapid development of information technology. This study aims to analyze the problem of criminal defamation from the perspective of Hadith At-Tirmidzi Number 1894 and Article 27A of the ITE Law. The main focus of the study is on the dynamics of criminal defamation in the context of information and media ethics, the role of hoax news that contributes to the rampant criminal defamation cases, and legal analysis related to both sources. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with normative analysis of Islamic legal doctrine and positive legal provisions. The results of the study show that Hadith At-Tirmidzi Number 1894 emphasizes the importance of honesty and prohibits lying as part of moral ethics in Islam. Meanwhile, Article 27A of the ITE Law acts as a legal instrument to address criminal defamation violations in the digital realm. A comparison of these two sources shows that although Islamic law and positive law have similarities in maintaining individual honor, the resolution mechanisms are different. Therefore, this study recommends preventive measures such as increasing digital literacy and legal education to reduce the risk of defamation and increase public awareness of the ethics of communicating in cyberspace

This research aims to: 1) to know the condition of students in memorizing the Qur'an using translated and non translated Al-Qur'an at PPTQ Al-Asy'ariyyah Kalibeber Wonosobo; 2) to know the effectiveness of the method of memorizing translated and non translated Al-Qur'an at PPTQ Al-Asy'ariyyah Kalibeber Wonosobo; 3) to know the factors that influence the effectiveness of the method of memorizing Al-Qur'an using translated and non translated Al-Qur'an at PPTQ Al-Asy'ariyyah Kalibeber Wonosobo. This thesis uses a comparative descriptive qualitative research approach.  Where researchers understand phenomena or events through an in-depth description of the data collected in the form of words not numbers. And comparing in depth (qualitative) about a phenomenon, with the aim of identifying similarities and differences, as well as understanding the context and meaning behind it. The data collection technique uses observation, interviews, and documentation.  The data analysis techniques used in comparative descriptive qualitative analysis are data selection, data classification, data interpretation and the final step of comparison, where researchers compare the speed level of memorizing the Qur'an with the use of different Qur'ans but using the same method. The results showed that: 1) the condition of students who memorize using the translated Al-Qur'an tends to have a better understanding of the meaning of the verse, but the memorization process is slower because it takes time to understand the meaning of the verse. Students who memorize using the non-translated Al-Qur'an are faster in memorizing because they only focus on the lafadz and the rhythm of the reading. 2) the effectiveness of memorization methods using translated and non-translated Al-Qur'an at PPTQ Al-Asy'ariyyah. In terms of speed, memorizing using the non-translated Al-Qur'an is superior because students only focus on repeating the lafadz. The durability of memorization in both methods is strongly influenced by the consistency of murojaah. Understanding the meaning is better owned by students who memorize using the translated Al-Qur'an. 3) factors that influence the effectiveness of memorization, namely motivation, intelligence, psychological conditions, support from parents and ustadzah, learning environment, as well as time management and discipline are very influential on the success and effectiveness of students' memorization.

Background: Patient satisfaction is a form of feeling happy or disappointed with the service received after the patient compares it with what is expected. In the era of digitalization, telemedicine has an impact on health services, especially patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine the use of telemedicine on increasing patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. Research methods: Systematic review using PRISMA guidelines and the PICO model, Population = patients who use telemedicine; Intervention = telemedicine; Comparison = not using telemedicine; Outcome = patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. Articles were collected through Google Scholar, Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan (JMK), Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia (JKKI), Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Kesehatan (JPTK), Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia (JII), and Jurnal Komunikasi which focus on Indonesia. Keywords use: patient satisfaction, health services, telemedicine, Indonesia. A total of 6 articles met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review. Results: 6 articles out of 119 articles were studied for systematic review. Six articles did not find a significant difference in patient satisfaction between telemedicine and face-to-face meetings. There are several factors that influence patient satisfaction, including: most are female, productive age, college educated, and work as private employees. Conclusion: Telemedicine services have been shown to increase patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. This shows that the more telemedicine services used, the higher the level of patient satisfaction. However, further research is needed to analyze how effective the use of telemedicine is on patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia.

This study conducts an in-depth examination of the structural gaps in mental health policies within conflict-affected countries in the Middle East region, employing a systematic meta-synthesis approach to analyze 87 primary studies published between 2015 and 2024. Findings reveal that only 23.4% of these countries possess mental health policies that can be classified as comprehensive. In comparison, the average budget allocation for this sector accounts for merely 2.1% of total national health expenditures. In terms of affected populations, the prevalence of mental disorders is alarmingly high, recorded at 41.3% among refugees and 37.8% among residents living amidst protracted conflict. Through logistic regression analysis, a highly significant correlational relationship was identified between conflict intensity and the severity of mental disorders (r = 0.78; p < 0.001), underscoring the systemic link between structural violence and collective psychosocial vulnerability. Furthermore, meta-regression successfully identified the five most dominant policy gaps: deficits in service infrastructure (76.5%), shortages of the professional workforce (68.2%), dysfunctions in referral systems (64.7%), limitations in funding (59.3%), and lack of intersectoral service integration (52.8%). This research not only extends the conceptual framework and empirical findings previously advanced by Sihombing et al. (2025) and Akhtar et al. (2021) concerning the mental health impacts of conflict but also innovatively articulates region-specific patterns and identifies contextual moderator variables that influence policy implementation effectiveness. Thus, this study's methodological and conceptual novelty lies in formulating an evaluative framework grounded in empirical evidence, which integratively combines socio-political indicators with clinical mental health parameters, offering a comprehensive approach to assess and reform public policy in conflict-affected areas of the Middle East.

Employee performance represents the ability to fulfill tasks and responsibilities according to organizational standards. At UPTD Puskesmas Kosambi, the evaluation of Non-Civil Servant (Non-ASN) healthcare workers is still done manually and tends to be subjective, primarily based on attendance. This study aims to address the issue by developing a decision support system using the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) method. A descriptive-applied approach and the waterfall development model were employed. Five evaluation criteria were used: attendance (25%), service quality (35%), report timeliness (20%), patient complaints (10%), and lateness (10%). Data from 20 Non-ASN healthcare workers in April 2025 were analyzed, with Anis Julianti achieving the highest MOORA score of 0.3839. The system underwent validation through black-box testing and user acceptance testing (UAT), both confirming its accuracy and usability. The findings were compared with previous studies. Harningsih et al. (2024) used the MOORA method for promotion evaluations at the North Sumatra Provincial Inspectorate Office and recorded a top score of 0.3616. Dewi Yohana br Ginting et al. (2024) applied the method at a beauty clinic and found a top score of 0.3747. These comparisons indicate that the MOORA results in this study fall within a consistent and valid range. The developed decision support system is expected to enhance the objectivity, transparency, and accountability of performance evaluations for Non-ASN employees in primary healthcare services, offering a more comprehensive alternative to manual assessment methods.

This study aims to determine whether the free expression method will have a significant impact on the relief printing skills of class XI students of SMA Swasta Tunas Bangsa Kwala Begumit. This study compares the demonstration method with the free expression method for high printing practice materials. Data were collected using a high printing practice test using plant materials. The data that had been collected were then analyzed using statistical analysis in the form of data normality tests using the Liliefors method, followed by homogeneity tests using the Bartlett method, then for comparison tests using the t-test. The results of the study proved that there was a significant increase in students' high printing skills. This was evidenced by the experimental class t-test value obtained that  = 10.90 with a price of  1.6753 with dk 52 and a real level of 0.05, then 10.90 1.6753 was obtained and there was an increase of 20% with a comparison of the average post-test value between the experimental class (85.93) > control class (74.96). This shows a significant increase in students' skills in high printing practice using plant materials

The stability profile of suspension formulations is a critical factor in determining the shelf life, efficacy, and safety of pharmaceutical products. This review compares the stability of suspensions based on natural extracts and those formulated with synthetic chemicals. The objective is to explore the physicochemical behavior of both types, with attention to sedimentation rate, particle size distribution, viscosity, and pH variation over time. This literature-based analysis employs a comparative method using previously published experimental data on various suspension formulations. The findings indicate that while synthetic-based suspensions often demonstrate superior stability due to controlled formulation variables, natural extract-based suspensions can achieve acceptable stability through the use of proper suspending agents and preservation techniques. The implication of this comparison is to provide formulators with a balanced perspective when choosing between natural and synthetic ingredients for suspension development, especially in the context of clean-label and green pharmacy trends.

This study reviews the comparison between two popular methods in capital budgeting analysis, namely Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PP), applied in the investment decision-making process at PT Pertamina (Persero). As a state-owned company in the energy sector that runs various important projects, Pertamina needs to evaluate investment feasibility efficiently. IRR is used to assess the effectiveness of long-term investments by taking into account all cash flows as well as the time value of money, while PP emphasizes more on how quickly the initial capital can be returned. This article uses a literature study method with a descriptive-qualitative approach to explore the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results of the discussion show that IRR provides a more precise picture of long-term investment returns, while PP is useful for identifying projects that quickly return capital. Nonetheless, the use of each method alone is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, it is recommended that Pertamina integrate IRR and PP with other approaches such as Net Present Value (NPV) and sensitivity analysis to support more comprehensive and strategic investment decisions.

The purpose of this research is to get the optimum condition of temperature and ideal ratio biopellet made from shell and kernel of rubber seed by using screw oil press machine according to Indonesian National Standards (SNI 8021-2014) which include heating value, ash content, moisture content, volatile matter, and density of biopellet. Comparison of the basic ingredients shell and kernel of rubber seed in this research include 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60 with varying temperature 200ᵒC and 150ᵒC. The results of the research it is known that the best composition of biopellet is a sample at temperature 200ᵒC, and ratio of shell and kernel of rubber seed 80:20 with calorific value of 5,083.4919 cal/g, moisture content of 4,00%, density 1.6322 gr/ cm3, ash content 1.9802%, volatile matter 77.1881%, and fixed carbon 16.8317%. The calorific value and the proximate analysis have fulfilled the SNI 8021:2014.

This study aims to identify teacher strategies in regulating the emotions of children with moderate Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at SLB PGRI Kamal. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) approach, it was found that teacher strategies include firm verbal communication, light physical touch such as patting the shoulder, short and clear instructions, short study sessions with breaks, and diversion through light tasks. This strategy has been proven effective in reducing emotional outbursts and increasing children's focus in class. The success of implementing the strategy is highly dependent on teacher readiness, collaboration with parents, and support from the school environment.

Patient satisfaction is a form of feeling happy or disappointed with the service received after the patient compares it with what is expected. In the era of digitalization, telemedicine has an impact on health services, especially patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine the use of telemedicine on increasing patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. Systematic review using PRISMA guidelines and the PICO model, Population = patients who use telemedicine; Intervention = telemedicine; Comparison = not using telemedicine; Outcome = patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. Articles were collected through Google Scholar, Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan (JMK), Jurnal Kebijakan Kesehatan Indonesia (JKKI), Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Kesehatan (JPTK), Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia (JII), and Jurnal Komunikasi which focus on Indonesia. Keywords use: patient satisfaction, health services, telemedicine, Indonesia. A total of 6 articles met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review. 6 articles out of 119 articles were studied for systematic review. Six articles did not find a significant difference in patient satisfaction between telemedicine and face-to-face meetings. There are several factors that influence patient satisfaction, including: most are female, productive age, college educated, and work as private employees. Telemedicine services have been shown to increase patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia. This shows that the more telemedicine services used, the higher the level of patient satisfaction. However, further research is needed to analyze how effective the use of telemedicine is on patient satisfaction in health services in Indonesia.

One of the special aspects of Intellectual Property (IP) is Economic Rights, namely the right to obtain economic benefits from intellectual property. The creation of economic value shows that IP is one of the objects of trade that plays an important role in the development of a nation. As part of Intellectual Property, Geographical Indications are a trading tool that can provide benefits for producers, consumers, and the community in identifying products and providing quality assurance, avoiding fraudulent practices, helping the development of local producers, and supporting the preservation of nature and traditional knowledge. To carry out optimal IPR protection, a comparison needs to be made with practices that have been running so far, in this case a comparison will be made with practices in Malaysia. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data from various sources. This research will use a conceptual/theoretical approach and a comparative approach. This research will determine the country's strategy to protect intellectual property in Indonesia and Malaysia and determine an effective model in protecting Geographical Indications. Thus, this research produces a deep understanding of the protection of Geographical Indications, highlighting the successes and challenges in increasing success related to intellectual property.

This abstract analyzes the urgency of criminal law policy in tackling the rapidly evolving transnational cybercrime. The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has created increasingly complex, cross-border, and difficult-to-detect cybercrime modus operandi. Indonesia, as part of the global community, faces serious challenges in formulating and implementing effective regulations to combat these crimes. This research aims to identify the challenges of criminal law in Indonesia in dealing with transnational cybercrime and to formulate adaptive strategies to strengthen the existing legal framework. Normative-empirical research methods are employed with a case study approach, legislative analysis, and international legal comparison. The findings indicate that the harmonization of national laws with international standards, enhancement of law enforcement capacity, and strengthening of inter-state cooperation are key. Innovation in criminal law approaches is also needed, focusing not only on prosecution but also on prevention and recovery of losses. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive reform in criminal law policy, encompassing substantive, procedural, and institutional aspects, to create a system responsive to the dynamics of transnational cybercrime.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of PT PP (Persero) Tbk over the period from 2020 to 2023. The assessment was conducted by analyzing several key financial ratios, including profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activity ratios. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements. The analysis revealed a decline in the company’s profitability, as indicated by a downward trend in the Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) ratios. The company's liquidity remained relatively stable but was still below the ideal standard, particularly in the quick ratio, indicating a need for improvement in the management of liquid assets. The solvency analysis revealed a high dependency on debt, which could increase financial risk if not properly managed. Meanwhile, the activity ratios showed a decrease in operational efficiency in utilizing assets to generate revenue. These findings support the hypothesis that PT PP (Persero) Tbk is facing challenges in maintaining financial health, particularly in balancing growth with sustainable performance. This study has limitations, including a data scope restricted to financial ratios and the absence of consideration for external factors such as macroeconomic conditions and industry comparisons. Future research is recommended to adopt a more comprehensive and integrative approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods, in order to gain deeper insights into financial decision-making processes and the company’s strategic direction.  

Personal data protection is a crucial issue in the digital era, which is characterized by the processing and widespread dissemination of information on the internet. In this context, the different legal approaches between Indonesia and the United States raise questions regarding the effectiveness and scope of privacy protection in each country. The focus of this research is to analyze the legal systems applicable in both countries to identify the strengths, weaknesses, and potential for cross-system policy adoption. Using a normative juridical method and a comparative law approach, analysis is conducted on key regulations such as Law No. 27 of 2022 in Indonesia as well as various sectoral regulations in the United States. The findings show that Indonesia has integrated regulations but faces challenges in implementation, while the United States has more established enforcement despite its sectoral and fragmented nature. The synthesis of these two approaches emphasizes the importance of finding a balance between regulatory comprehensiveness and enforcement effectiveness. In conclusion, efforts to strengthen personal data protection in Indonesia can be directed towards strengthening institutions and oversight, while the United States can draw lessons from its centralized regulatory model to improve consistency of protection across sectors.

This study seeks to identify and prioritize the factors influencing employee job satisfaction at PT. Tirta Perkasa Sejahtera using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research integrates both literature review and expert judgment to determine factors such as work environment, interpersonal relationships, compensation systems, career development, and work-life balance. AHP was used to analyze pairwise comparison matrices to establish the relative weight of each criterion. The results showed that compensation and career development were the most influential factors, followed by work-life balance, work environment, and interpersonal relationships. The study provides a quantitative basis for management to enhance employee satisfaction and improve organizational performance.

This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.