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The seriousness of the Indonesian government in paying attention to the environment is manifested in the existence of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management by regulating criminal liability for corporate legal subjects subject to criminal penalties. This is because many environmental crimes are committed by corporations and may also be carried out by corporate shareholders as policy controllers of a corporation. Against the background of environmental criminal acts which are often committed by corporations and even shareholders are also involved in these criminal acts, this article aims to provide an illustration that shareholders can also be given criminal sanctions. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The results of this research explain that corporations that commit environmental crimes are clearly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 so that criminal sanctions can be given to provide deterrence to corporate perpetrators, but for corporate shareholders involved it is not yet explicitly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. 2009 because they have not adopted the Piercing the corporate veil doctrine and the alter ego doctrine as in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in article 3 paragraph (2) which eliminates the immunity rights of shareholders so that they can be punished.

The poverty level in remote villages, especially Dendun Village, which is located on the coast of Bintan, is still quite high, because most coastal communities work as fishermen and have unstable incomes. The concrete effort made by the government is to implement the Village Fund Policy in the APBN. Village Fund allocations have been implemented since the 2015 APBN and are part of the Transfer Fund allocation. In 2023, the Village Fund (DD) allocation in Dendun Village will be IDR. 853,646,000.00. These Village Funds are used to finance the implementation of village government, implementation of village development, development of village communities, and empowerment of village communities. This research is qualitative in nature using secondary data obtained from the Dendun Village Head and Village Secretary, where there are five programs implemented in 2023 sourced from the Village Fund. The purpose of this writing is to find out what programs will be implemented from the Village Fund in 2023 and what impact they will have in alleviating poverty for the community in Dendun Village.

The government makes a program with the aim of prospering the community, one of these programs is the Family Hope Program, where the community receiving the assistance is called KPM, this study aims to answer about the effectiveness of the family hope program that has been made by the government, especially in East Tanjungpinang District. The research method uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, using the theory put forward by Sutrisno (2010) which includes program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, achievement of goals and real changes. The results of the research on the effectiveness of the Family Hope Program for Beneficiary Families in the East Tanjungpinang District of Tanjungpinang City seen from the target of the program policy are correct in accordance with the regulations made, because they follow the DTKS which will be identified in accordance with the data submitted, the timing of the implementation of PKH assistance has indeed been determined by the central government, when it will be disbursed, but overall it can be said that the timeliness of the distribution of assistance has not been maximized, because sometimes the assistance disbursed by the government can advance from the date set by the government. The overall goal of the program to improve the welfare of KPM can be said to be ineffective because the achievement of numbers in 2023 can be said to have not been achieved.  Because it is seen from the direct field that there are still many people who need assistance, and most likely if it is recorded in detail, it falls into the category of those entitled as KPM participants, seen from the real changes provided by the program, it has not been optimal, but it has been enough to help the KPM community with the assistance provided, it can be seen that there are several communities as KPM who are able to manage the assistance provided by PKH for entrepreneurship. The suggestions that can be submitted are, the government, especially the East Tanjungpinang District government and PKH supervisors to continue to strive to advance the community.

Paradigam base in frame support effort For create good system​ Social security lies in the commitment of the state within effort follow as well as For create system social security for society , so that you can protected from fundamental problems such as health and social protection of employment . An interesting fact , the existence and position of Indonesia as a developing country , of course need balanced internal state capabilities frame create protection social security for citizen . Law no. Constitution Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2011 concerning Organizing Bodies Social Security is a basic instrument in effort protection social in in the field of health and employment . Scope​ in guarantee social the in essence become hope in frame create system guarantee good social​ in accordance with mandate the country's constitution concrete instruct to the country for responsible  in frame protection limited every citizen . In study This aim For analyze policy protection guarantee social state with legislative regulatory approach .

This research evaluates an English for Business textbook written by Mary Ellen Guffey & Carolyn M. Seefer with a content analysis approach. This study focuses on exploring the structure, content, and learning features in textbooks to assess their suitability to learner needs and stated goals. The examination conducted to assess the textbooks in this research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using the Cunningsworth and Miekley checklist as its foundation. The assessment scale encompasses ratings ranging from 'very good' and 'good' to 'moderate' and 'poor'. The analysis revealed the textbook's effectiveness in facilitating learning through its structured layout, engaging examples, and interactive features. Additionally, contextualization in real business scenarios and sections that promote discussion increase its relevance and applicability. This study offers valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policy makers in selecting and developing ESP textbooks tailored to the specific needs of learners in the business field.

This research explores the impact of financial inclusion on the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2011-2021 period. Data analysis shows an increase in financial services account ownership from 20% to 52%, contributing to economic growth and a decrease in the unemployment rate. This study highlights the role of government policy in promoting access to financial and supporting services for MSMEs, which is crucial in developing local economies and social welfare. The implications of these findings recommend strengthening financial inclusion policies and increasing support for MSMEs to optimize economic growth and expand employment opportunities in Central Kalimantan.

From 2018–2022, this research will look at the IDX30 index companies listed on the Indonesian stock market to investigate how company size, debt policy, and dividend policy relate to one another, with Return On Assets acting as a moderating variable. Using secondary data culled from annual reports, this study applies quantitative research methodologies. Using a purposive selection technique, fifteen IDX30 businesses were selected as part of the research. The data is examined using moderated regression analysis in particular. This research shows that dividend policy is affected by company size and debt policy. Large corporations may see few changes to their dividend policies as a result of a limited return on assets. Also, return on assets can't mitigate how debt policy impacts dividend policy.

Trafficking is currently a serious and urgent global problem. Indonesia itself is also a barn of human trafficking victims, especially related to the labor migration of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) sent abroad. Many migrant workers are victims of exploitation and human rights violations due to human trafficking. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the protection of PMI rights through national and international legal frameworks. This research aims to analyze the legal framework for the protection of migrant workers as victims of human trafficking abroad. The method used is normative legal research by examining relevant national and international laws and regulations. The results show that Indonesia has a strong commitment through the ratification of various international legal instruments to protect migrant workers. However, law enforcement still faces various obstacles and there is a need for stronger cross-border cooperation. Therefore, a more comprehensive policy is needed to improve the protection of migrant workers.

Tegal Regency regional regulation Number 2 of 2018 concerning Village-Owned Enterprises is a regional policy in the context of increasing the potential of village resources. The hope is that this regional policy can be a solution for developing village potential, which in Tegal district has a lot of village development potential. As well as increasing the potential of village business capabilities. With Village-owned Enterprises, it is hoped that the business potential in Tegal Regency, which has a large number of small and medium businesses and a high entrepreneurial culture, will certainly be the main requirement if the regional government can seize this opportunity to improve and empower the business world in Tegal Regency to the maximum. This research is a Normative Juridical Research on issues relating to the Job Creation Law and Village-Owned Enterprises policies. This research aims to determine the implementation of Tegal regent's regulation number 2 of 2018 concerning village-owned enterprises as well as solutions to obstacles in its implementation., in This research uses a qualitative data analysis method, namely normative juridical which is presented descriptively. Regent's Regulation number 2 of 2018 created a main strategy, namely Tegal Regency's commitment to improving the ranking of all indicators in investment policy in a better direction, structural improvements for all indicators, implementing ease of doing business for all communities, especially micro, small and medium enterprises through village-owned enterprises.

This study explores areas that are important in supporting economic growth. By analyzing the key factors that influence economic development, this research provides an in-depth understanding of the aspects that need to be considered in efforts to improve a country's economic welfare. Through an examination of areas such as infrastructure, education, innovation, public policy, and the industrial sector, this study highlights the importance of cross-sector collaboration and holistic strategies in stimulating sustainable economic growth.

The development of technology and information has given rise to more and more startup businesses popping up. This is also accompanied by the existence of intellectual property as a startup business asset which is very important to be protected by law. Intellectual property can be in the form of copyrights, patents, trade secrets and trademarks owned by a startup business. This study aims to find out what legal protection for intellectual property will be in startup businesses, as well as the challenges and obstacles that startup businesses will face to protect their intellectual property. This research is normative with a qualitative approach to several startup business actors and legal policy makers who are involved in the legal protection of intellectual property in startup businesses. The results of the study show that legal protection of intellectual property in startup businesses can be done through registration of copyrights, patents, trademarks, and taking legal action against intellectual property violations. However, startup businesses experience problems in terms of costs and time to register intellectual property rights as well as a lack of legal awareness and knowledge of intellectual property protection. Therefore, there is a need for more intensive outreach and education about intellectual property law protection in startup businesses.

The aim of this research is to determine the level of importance of fiscal policy in supporting sustainable development and maintaining the stability of the Indonesian economy. The definition of fiscal policy is a series of actions taken by the government to maintain the stability of state expenditure and income with the aim of encouraging healthy economic growth. where in carrying out these actions the instruments used include: taxes, spending, public bonds and budget allocations. The research method used is a literature study of articles, journals and documents relevant to fiscal policy starting from taxation, APBN public bonds and budget allocations.. The data used is data from two previous researchers and financial projection data originating from credible government publications. The results obtained show that the important role of fiscal policy in supporting sustainable development is the government's right to regulate state revenues and expenditures in order to maintain the stability of the country's economy.

This research aims to analyze the influence of Matteo Salvini's idiosyncratic factors in the output of anti-migrant policies, so called Salvini Decree in Italy after the winning of the 2018 general election. According to Matteo Salvini, the migrant issue is a threat to Italy's national identity. The authors analyze by using the idiosyncratic concept of leaders in the foreign policy output adopted by a country.. The findings in this research indicate that there is an influence of Matteo Salvini's perception and personality which has an impact on the foreign policy adopted by Italy in 2018. Aggressive foreign policy and excluding international law from the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) regarding migrant issues is an indication of the perception elite in breaking through political boundaries. His high level of nationalism and ability to control events and be actively involved in policy making allows Salvini to act dominantly and tends to delegate less power to maintain his power through the anti-refugee terms promoted by Salvini.

This article is to review and analyze the forms of violation of originality rights in the context of video works and the efforts made by content creators if their originality rights are violated. this research identifies forms of Copyright infringement, especially related to reuploads without attribution or watermarks, as well as actions that can be taken by content creators in response to such violations, The research method used is a normative legal approach with a focus on analyzing primary and secondary legal materials through literature study. The results show that violations of originality rights often occur in various forms, such as unauthorized use, reproduction without significant changes, and unauthorized modification of original works. However, the main challenges in enforcing originality rights are the difficulty in identifying infringements in a timely manner and the cost and time involved in the enforcement process. cooperation between digital platforms, policymakers, and the creator community is needed to create a fairer and more supportive environment for creators to maintain the integrity of their original works and more effective efforts are needed to support video content creators to protect their originality rights in this digital era.

This research aims to examine internal conflict management in organizations through narrative analysis of crisis communication. Qualitative methods were used to understand the causes of conflict, crisis management strategies, leadership roles, the impact of conflict, communication techniques used, and policies and procedures implemented in the organization. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results revealed that internal conflicts are often caused by differences in interests, lack of effective communication, and organizational change. Effective crisis management strategies involve open communication, mediation, and a proactive approach. Responsive and thoughtful leadership plays a key role in conflict resolution. Poorly managed conflict negatively impacts productivity, employee morale, and team collaboration, and damages the organization's image. Communication techniques such as collaborative approaches and assertive communication are essential in managing crises.  The practical implications of these findings are the need for the development of clear conflict resolution policies, conflict management training, promotion of open communication, and periodic evaluation of policy effectiveness. With a comprehensive approach, organizations can improve work dynamics and strengthen teamwork.

Sikka Regency is an area with superior tourism potential but the contribution of the tourism sector does not have a significant influence on economic growth, this is due to the low contribution of the creative economy in supporting the tourism sector which is influenced by less attractive and competitive creative economy products, lack of promotion and branding, lack of collaboration and partnership between tourism actors and creative economy actors and lack of support from the government and related institutions. To overcome these problems, the proposed solution is the existence of regulations as a strong legal foundation and framework for policies and programs that support the creative economy in Sikka Regency. The writing of this Policy Paper aims to enable the creative economy to contribute more to the development of the tourism sector in Sikka Regency and increase regional economic growth as well as policy recommendations to overcome the low contribution of the creative economy to support tourism in Sikka Regency. The method used in this paper is problem tree analysis involving literature study, field observation and in-depth interviews with tourism and creative economy actors. The recommended policy option is a Sikka Regent Regulation on Creative Economy that can provide a legal framework and programs that support the development of the creative economy sector in Sikka Regency.

This article explores the challenges of developing effective cybercrime legislation in the era of rapid digital transformation. By analyzing current laws across various jurisdictions, the study identifies gaps in legal frameworks that cybercriminals exploit, such as issues related to jurisdiction, anonymity, and cross-border crime. Findings indicate that, while several nations have made strides in strengthening cybercrime laws, a cohesive international approach and consistent policy updates are essential to keep pace with the evolving nature of cyber threats. The paper advocates for enhanced international collaboration, cross-border enforcement mechanisms, and adaptable legal frameworks that can respond to future digital transformations.

The stochastic SEIR model offers an innovative approach to understanding the spread of infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis, in limited populations. This study adopts a stochastic model to capture random variability in individual interactions, often overlooked in deterministic models. The population is divided into four main categories: Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Infected (I), and Recovered (R), with transitions between categories determined by probabilities based on epidemiological parameters. Through simulations, the model demonstrates its capability to depict more realistic patterns of disease spread, including fluctuations in case numbers and epidemic duration. The findings indicate that stochastic variability plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission, especially in small populations or when the number of individual contacts is limited. The stochastic SEIR model can serve as an effective tool for policymakers to evaluate various intervention strategies, such as vaccination, transmission control, and treatment, as well as to design public health policies that are data-driven and adaptive to epidemiological uncertainties.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key driver of economic growth in many developing regions, but its effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa has been mixed. This paper examines the dynamics of FDI in the region, exploring both the challenges and opportunities it presents for economic development. The research identifies factors such as political instability, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory barriers that hinder FDI inflows, as well as the potential benefits such as technology transfer, employment, and market expansion. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the FDI climate in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The shift towards sustainable development has become a central concern in global economic strategies. This paper assesses the role of green investment in fostering economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability in developing economies. By analyzing investments in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-friendly technologies, the study evaluates the potential for green investments to stimulate job creation, enhance economic resilience, and reduce environmental degradation. The paper also explores policy frameworks that could incentivize green investments and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.