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A skill in women's entrepreneurship is needed because it can increase income in the Jember Regency area. Women who have skills tend to be more able to start and run their businesses well. With good skills, it is also more possible for women to be more flexible in facing an economic challenge. A business also needs the right marketing strategy and in accordance with the target market to be targeted. This strategy is useful for facing challenges or obstacles that exist in a women's entrepreneurship. This study aims to determine the influence of women's entrepreneurial skills in increasing income in Jember Regency using Tony Barnett's theory of social movements. In this study, the research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study show that women's entrepreneurial skills in increasing income are still very effective to be carried out because these skills are useful for attracting the attention of customers to be interested in buying the products that have been offered. It needs to be improved in terms of promoting the products offered so that the social media owned is more crowded and the products are better known by many people, especially among students.  

Teachers rarely apply Ice Breaking, where the teacher only provides ice breaking by looking at the students' condition, if it is not conducive then the teacher plays a game or an activity in between lessons. During the ice breaking, some students were not focused, there were students who were sleepy and even fell asleep in class. This research uses a qualitative approach. With data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The key informant was the Islamic Religious Education teacher and the supporting informants were class VIII students and the school principal. Data analysis in this research involves data reduction, data display, and then conclusions. Based on the research results, it was found: The research results showed that the first application of ice breaking in learning Islamic religious education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Panti Pasaman Regency was that the teacher only provided ice breaking depending on the condition of the students. The types of ice breaking used by teachers include stories, games, counting, singing (sholawat). The two obstacles faced by teachers when implementing ice breaking are students playing around, students who don't understand, are nosy with friends, like to talk to friends, students who are lazy to follow the movements, and indeed difficult to manage who like to do whatever they want and lack of concentration in students' learning because they only Focus only on the ice breaking moment. However, teachers can overcome these obstacles so that students generally focus more on learning.

Sexual violence is an incident that cannot be separated from women and children. The rise in incidents of sexual violence against women and children in the city of Kupang is a fluctuating phenomenon. The Kupang City Police PPA Unit noted that, in 2021 there were 42 cases of violence against women and children, in 2022 it decreased to 39 cases, and increased in 202 to 42 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children, and determine the obstacles to solving criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Kupang City, as well as efforts to overcome them. This research uses empirical juridical methods, with the type of data used being primary data based on the results of interviews and documentation, as well as secondary data used to complement primary data. The results of this research show that (1) The factors causing sexual violence behavior are sexual desire, lack of sex education, social and environmental factors, and misuse of technology. (2) Obstacles experienced in resolving cases of sexual violence include insufficient evidence, individual factors, and the perpetrator running away. (3) The countermeasures that have been carried out are in the form of preemptive, preventive and repressive measures.

Established since 1916, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is the oldest factory of Pematangsiantar. This study is aimed to determine what strategy are used by PT. Pabrik Es Siantar in maintaining the existence of ‘Cap Badak’ products; to know the strategy implementation, evaluation; and also its obstacles. Afterwards, this study analyzes the alternative strategy that possibly recommended to PT. Pabrik Es Siantar for supporting the existing strategy. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative, using case study. Data were collected by interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were qualitative-descriptive analysis of Miles and Huberman and also SWOT Analysis using SWOT Matrix, IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, and then matching the alternative strategies obtained on SWOT Diagram. The results showed that in maintaining the existence of Cap Badak products, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar uses Defense Strategy. The strategy implementation and evaluation has been done properly without changing any standards. The obstacles is they still using their conventional machines because the owner does not intend to regenerate the machines, and the production becomes less and hampered because many bottles are not returned to the factory yet. Furthermore, based on IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, and SWOT Diagram, the results showed that PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is in Quadrant I, where the company’s position is very profitable and supports aggressive strategies. Based on SWOT Matrix Analysis, PT. Pabrik Es Siantar is recommended to launch Cap Badak products in plastic bottle packaging immediately, do promotion after regenerating machines, educate consumers about the importance of returning bottles on time, purchase orders bottles more often, and change the family management system into a more professional system.

The economic sector is currently experiencing rapid development, including the informal business sector that aims to fulfil the needs of life. Street vendors (PKL) are included in this sector with small capital and businesses that are private or group, utilising the crowd. Along with economic development, competition among street vendors is getting tighter, including in the Wirabraja canteen field, Bukittinggi, the majority of which are engaged in the culinary sector and children's entertainment. This study aims to determine the strategies to increase income and the obstacles faced by street vendors using Business Model Canvas (BMC) analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that Wirabraja canteen field vendors already know the strategy of increasing income and overcoming natural obstacles such as weather by bringing their own equipment. Income generation strategies are analysed through two important elements of BMC, namely Customer Segments and Customer Relationships.

This research aims to find out the legal rules regarding the parentage of stepchildren in the distribution of inheritance according to the Civil Code and the Compilation of Islamic Law and to find out the legal consequences of having stepchildren inherit from their stepparents in Kualalumpur Village, Kec. Paguyaman. This research uses the Normative/Empirical Juridical type of research. The results of this research found that the position of stepchildren in inheritance distribution according to the Civil Code and KHI is that stepchildren are not classified as heirs of their stepparents, stepchildren can only inherit from their biological parents even if they were brought to their biological parents' most recent marriage. Under Islamic law, stepchildren can inherit their stepparents' inheritance by means of a will. The Impact of Position Law on Stepchildren Inheriting From Their Stepparents in Kuala Lumpur Village, District. Paguyaman is: Stepchildren do not inherit from their stepparents, stepchildren become an obstacle which results in a reduction in their stepparent's share, stepchildren can only be given a compulsory will.  

To produce employees who have good quality and have a professional attitude, it is necessary to carry out good management, in order to increase the company's economic resources. Previously reported by RSUP Dr. Sitanala has a leader with a leadership style where all provisions are based on the leadership's provisions, optimizing public stigma regarding leprosy-oriented services that have not reached the expected target, a lack of visits which has an impact on the remuneration system being less than optimal, performance indicator values ​​that have not reached the target, lack of Community satisfaction is still relatively high in the community satisfaction index survey. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of leadership style and remuneration systems on improving employee performance at RSUP Dr. Sitanala Tangerang with work culture as an intervening variable. Research method the research design used was a survey with an explanatory causality approach. The population used is all employees who have the status of Civil Servants (PNS) at RSUP Dr. Sitanala, numbering 340 people. The sample in this study amounted to 183 people, the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. There is a direct and significant influence between leadership style and remuneration on work culture, there is an indirect influence of leadership style on employee performance, there is a direct influence of remuneration on employee performance, work culture directly has a significant influence on improving performance and the remuneration system has a direct influence towards improving performance without going through work culture. For hospitals, hospital leaders should always monitor each work unit both from an objective and subjective performance perspective as well as from the individual employee perspective so that they can find out directly what the obstacles, complaints and needs of individual employees are in carrying out teamwork in each work unit at once. can control the continuity of performance of each individual employee as a work culture within the team in the unit so that it is hoped that organizational goals will be achieved optimally. For other researchers: It is hoped that further research can further analyze other aspects and influences that can achieve organizational goals with a wider range of respondents. There are still many other aspects and influences that could possibly be used as research targets for development at the hospital in question.

This research aims to find out how much market service levies contribute to the local income of the city of Kupang, the level of effectiveness as well as the obstacles and efforts in the process of collecting market levies. This research is descriptive qualitative, namely analyzing and describing or illustrating various conditions and situations, various data collected in the form of interview results regarding the problems studied at PD. Kupang City Market. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the level of contribution to the receipt of market service levies is classified as very low, the level of effectiveness of the receipt of market service levies is classified as less effective. Obstacles in receiving levies are traders who are in arrears and unpredictable weather. Efforts to increase market levy receipts are by providing outreach, sanctions to traders who are in arrears, selling stalls/kiosks that are still empty and making payments using EDC machines.  

By enacting legislation to protect, maintain and monitor the importance of human rights. Discrimination refers to unfair or unequal treatment of a person or group based on certain characteristics.Such as injustice regarding race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. This usually occurs in environments such as education, health services, residence and in social interactions. Ethnic discrimination occurs when individuals or groups are judged based on their ethnic origin, which includes cultural identity, language, or national origin. This ethnic discrimination can lead to unequal treatment in terms of economic opportunities, access to health services, or unfair treatment by related institutions. In Indonesia, racial and ethnic discrimination is also a problem faced, although in a different context from other countries. Even though Indonesia has rich cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity, there are still challenges in ensuring fair treatment for all citizens. Several ethnic minority groups in Indonesia may face various obstacles in terms of access to quality education, decent work and adequate health services.

Curriculum management is very important to study or research to find out how it is implemented in education in Indonesia, especially in junior high and high school level schools. To obtain data that is relevant to the research theme, this research used a qualitative research method with a descriptive type, namely research that describes or describes certain situations based on data obtained in detail according to the problems set out in this research. The research is a case study which aims to analyze the Implementation of Curriculum Management at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. The results of the research show that the implementation of curriculum management at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan has been carried out in a structured and gradual manner for the students. However, there are still challenges or obstacles in implementing effective learning according to the curriculum for students. This is because subject teachers often forget to create or prepare teaching materials that are in accordance with the curriculum determination for students.  

This legal writing aims to examine the obstacles to law enforcement against dentists who practice without a license in Batang Regency, Central Java. This research uses empirical legal research methods or non doctrinal research. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the obstacles found are the absence of regional regulations governing the licensing of dental practices.

Financing activities at Kembangan Regional Hospital are dominated by BPJS Health Participants, when submitting claim from patients participating in BPJS Health, there are still delays in submitting claim which will have an impact on hospital operational activities. The aim of this research was to determine the causes of Pending Claims that accurred at Kembangan Regional Hospital. This study used a descriptive method with a mix method approach. The BPJS Health claim procedure for inpatient services at Kembangan Hospital is in accordance with the exiting Standar Operating Procedures. The data used are pending claim files originating from inpatient treatment in November 2022- Jaunary 2023. The research result found 941 inpatient claim files and 84 pending claim files. The cause of pending claim were classified into 7, Conformity between surgical procedures was 22 (26%), inaccuracy in administrative verification and SEP suitability in inputting data into INA-CBGs was 19 (23%), coding determined by the coder was not unbundled by 17 (20%), INA-CBG codes was 9 (!1%), DPJP daognostic code matching 6 (7%), Hospital code conformity 6 (7%), and finally redmissions for the same disease coding 5 (6%). Based on the 5M identification, there are factors, namely the man factor: because the claim file was not accepted by BPJS Health due to coding. The coding given by the hospital to the hospital to the BPJS was not appropriate. Material: supporting files which arrived late on the specified day. Meanwhille, the 3 other factors, namely the money machine and methid, were not obstacles or causes fot the return of the claim files. It is recommended to reevaluate and socialize the reasoms fpr returning BPJS Health claims so that the BPJS Health claim submission process is carried out well and accepted.

This research analyzes the role of priests in social dialogue related to the implementation of the Public Housing Savings Program (TAPERA) in Riam Batang Parish and its impact on the lives of the people. TAPERA, as an Indonesian government initiative, aims to facilitate livable house ownership for low-income people through savings and financing schemes. In Riam Batang Parish, priests not only function as spiritual leaders, but also as facilitators of social dialogue and agents of change. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies, collecting data through in-depth interviews with priests and congregation. The research results show that imams play a key role in increasing people's awareness and understanding of TAPERA, as well as helping overcome bureaucratic and economic obstacles. The Imam plays an active role in providing education and outreach regarding this program, helping the congregation access its benefits, and being a mediator between the congregation and government agencies. However, several challenges such as lack of understanding of the people, complicated administrative processes, and economic limitations are still significant obstacles. This research highlights the importance of effective social dialogue built by priests in supporting the implementation of TAPERA, as well as the need for collaboration between the church, government and local communities to overcome these challenges. Thus, the role of the priest in a social and economic context becomes essential in improving the welfare of the people and achieving the goals of a more inclusive and sustainable public housing program.

Policies that are often taken by public officials sometimes give rise to major criticism committing a pattern of criminal acts of corruption. Policies that are considered can fall into the action category corruption is policies that could harm state finances. So it's a loss State finances are one of the elements of criminal acts of corruption in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 Act No. 31 Year 1999 jo Act No. 20 Year 2001 about Eradication Act Criminal Corruption. The formulation of elements that are detrimental to state finances in these two articles is at the evidentiary level still raises various obstacles because it is an unclear and unclear norm multiple interpretations. Results from study show that prove that element harm state finances in criminal acts of corruption are still understood as formal criminal acts so that the proof Enough with fulfil deed the And No need There is consequence, Good Which potential harm finance country nor loss Which Actually, perpetrator can convicted. After Court Constitution through Decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016 mention that the word "can" in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 is unconstitutional and is fundamentally change qualification corruption become become crime material, However in its implementation There are different views regarding law enforcement officials in proving that element This is detrimental to state finances, giving rise to legal uncertainty. In the upcoming corruption criminal law reform, the more appropriate model of proof is with use draft loss finance country in meaning  crime material. Through draft This, something deed new can seen fulfil elements follow criminal corruption with condition There must be a result of the state's loss being real and occurring (actual). lost). Proof concept loss state finances in meaning  material ensure law Which fair certainty.

International trade is something that often occurs in customs areas. Customs areas often witness international trade. Law on 17 of 2006 and Law on Excise No 11 of 1995 stipulate regulations regarding customs. However, in the case of exports and imports, it is difficult to differentiate between customs violations and customs crimes. The Customs and Excise Agency, an institution under the Ministry of Finance, is needed to handle customs cases. Based on the questions we discussed, the role and efforts of the DJBC in minimizing the increasing number of customs crimes must be discussed. The increase in customs crimes and obstacles. In their efforts to reduce the increase in customs crime, Customs and Excise is facing challenges. It is important to note that the national principles that drive the duties and efforts of the DJBC to reduce the increasing level of customs crimes can be linked to the principles and principles reflected the 1945 Constitution. Attributes of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) including nationalism and patriotism, sovereignty and territorial integrity, law and order, shared prosperity, and security.

This research aims to implement the Class 7 teaching campus program in improving student literacy and numeracy at Bhakti Karya Simo Vocational School. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with an interpretive paradigm because the researcher is directly involved in the interaction. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and case studies. The objects of this research are schools, students and students' learning activities during campus teaching assignments. This research was carried out for almost four months, starting from February 26 to June 2 2024. The results of this research are that the campus teaching program carries out various work programs that can improve students' literacy and numeracy skills, such as literacy habits, library viewing, literacy corners, magazines wall, work language week, literacy and numeracy festival, numeracy snakes and ladders, numeracy crossword puzzle, mathematics quiz, technology adaptation training to natural disaster mitigation adaptation. In its implementation, there are various obstacles and challenges faced by students, but they can be resolved by finding the best solution.

One of the main objectives of economic development in many nations, including Indonesia, is to improve societal welfare. Within this framework, zakat and waqf have great promise as Islamic social financial tools that alleviate poverty and inequality in society. With their solid theological and historical roots in Islamic tradition, zakat and waqf have long been employed to promote social and economic prosperity. Nonetheless, there are a number of obstacles facing the collection and administration of zakat and waqf in Indonesia, including poor public confidence in zakat management organisations and a lack of public awareness of the duties associated with zakat and the advantages of waqf. Using a SWOT analysis, this study intends to examine the roles that zakat and waqf play in enhancing societal wellbeing. The strengths, limitations, possibilities, and dangers encountered in the management of zakat and waqf are identified in this analysis, which also offers strategic recommendations to maximise the potential of zakat and waqf in promoting social and economic development. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will significantly aid in the creation of zakat and waqf management methods and policies that are more effective and efficient.

Financial reports contain information about a company's finances which can be used to assess the company's performance in a certain period, so financial reports are very important for business owners because financial reports can see the financial condition of a business and carry out performance evaluations in order to advance the business. Financial reports can also be applied to MSMEs in Indonesia. However, the obstacle faced by MSMEs is regarding financial reports. Many MSMEs do not make financial reports due to a lack of knowledge in the financial sector and a lack of awareness of the importance of financial reports in running a small business. This research includes a case study approach with qualitative methods, collecting and retrieving data in this research in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that the problem in this research is the limited human resources in preparing financial reports.

Economic diversification is crucial for Iraq to overcome the limitations imposed by its heavy reliance on oil. This study explores Iraq's economic history, current structure, and the urgent challenges it faces, emphasizing the need for structural transformation. It examines the vulnerabilities caused by fluctuating global oil prices, geopolitical instability, and internal demographic pressures for the period of 2004 to 2022. By analyzing government policies, sectoral developments, and international collaborations, this research highlights the efforts and obstacles in achieving economic diversification. The findings indicate that while Iraq has made strides toward diversifying its economy, it still faces significant challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, political instability, and security concerns. International collaborations and foreign direct investment (FDI) emerge as crucial components, providing the financial support and technological expertise needed for economic transformation. Lastly, economic diversification is more than just an economic strategy for Iraq; it is a comprehensive approach to achieving long-term stability and growth. A diversified economy can help Iraq build resilience against external shocks, promote inclusive growth, and secure a sustainable and prosperous future. The imperative for economic diversification is clear: to create a stable, balanced, and resilient economy that can withstand global market fluctuations and geopolitical dynamics, ultimately improving the well-being of its population

The phenomenon of moral or moral decadence is often seen by a wide audience today, starting from violence, brawls, exclusivism, to the loss of respect for foster children towards teachers/caregivers. All forms of dysfunction are indicated because good interpersonal communication has not been established. This research aims to analyze the interpersonal communication developed by caregivers at the Putra Utama 3 Children's Orphanage in fostering noble morals, as well as the efforts carried out and the obstacles faced during the implementation of moral guidance. Researchers used a qualitative approach with a field study type of research involving orphanage caregivers and several foster children as research informants. Data collection uses three approaches, namely observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis uses three models, namely data reduction, data exposure, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research concluded that interpersonal communication among caregivers at the Putra Utama 3 Children's Social Home is something that is fundamentally implemented and represents all forms of action carried out through moral development. This is realized by social care caregivers through moral development efforts, both verbal and nonverbal. So, the obstacles faced during moral development can be resolved well.