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The Indigenous Papuan People (OAP) in Matara village still have several couples who only marry based on customary law so that they do not have legal certainty in the aspect of marriage as evidenced by a marriage certificate. The purpose of this service is not only to provide assistance and legal counselling on the importance of marriage registration but also to realise the orderly administration of population in Matara village through marriage through church marriage and civil registration. The implementation method is carried out in various stages, including starting from data collection, counselling and procedures for implementing marriage. The results of the service are 6 (six) couples who have performed traditional marriages but have not been recorded in the civil registry because religious marriages have not been held and recorded under state law

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which students' critical thinking skills can be improved through the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. The study population consisted of 5 classes with a total of 190 students. From this population, the researcher took a sample of 68 students through a simple random sampling technique. The sample was then divided into two groups, namely 34 students for the experimental class and 34 students for the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test consisting of 20 objective, reasoned questions. The research data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the calculation results, the t-value was 3.792, while the t-table value at a significance level of 0.05 was 2.037. This indicates that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of students who participated in learning with a guided inquiry model based on ESD compared to conventional learning. In addition, the improvement in critical thinking skills was also analyzed through the N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a 65% improvement, categorized as moderate, while the control class achieved a 59% improvement, also categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that guided inquiry learning integrated with ESD principles provides a more effective way to foster students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional methods. Therefore, ESD-based guided inquiry learning can be an alternative, innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of the learning process in secondary schools.

This study examines community participation in the development of cultural tourism in Kampung Batik Laweyan, Solo, as well as the factors that support and hinder such involvement. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation methods. The informants in this study include batik business actors, local community administrators, community leaders, government representatives, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in the field of cultural preservation and tourism. The results of the study show that community participation is divided into three main dimensions, namely economic, socio-cultural, and institutional. In the economic aspect, the community is involved through batik businesses, homestays, and tourism services. In the socio-cultural aspect, involvement can be seen from the preservation of local traditions and the implementation of cultural activities. Meanwhile, in the institutional aspect, participation can be seen from the active role of residents in decision-making forums related to tourism management. Factors driving participation include collective awareness of the importance of cultural preservation, the economic potential of the tourism sector, and support from the government, NGOs, and educational institutions. However, community participation still faces several obstacles such as lack of education on the concept of sustainable tourism, limited access to capital, and lack of coordination between interested institutions. Cross-sectoral collaboration efforts are needed between the community, government, the private sector, and educational institutions in realizing inclusive and sustainable cultural tourism management. Thus, Laweyan Batik Village can become a model for the development of cultural tourism destinations based on active community participation. The implications of these findings suggest that cultural tourism development policies should not only focus on increasing the number of tourist visits, but also on strengthening the capacity of local communities as key actors.

Love is the main principle in Christianity taught by Jesus and emphasized by the Apostle Paul as the fulfillment of the Law. In the context of Batak society, the Dalihan Na Tolu social system regulates social relations based on the principles of honor, solidarity, and responsibility. This research aims to analyze how the law of love in Paul's theology can be integrated with the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu to build contextual Christian ethics in Batak land without losing the essence of the gospel. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological and ethnographic study approach. Literature studies were conducted on biblical texts, Pauline theological sources, and references to Batak culture. Hermeneutic analysis was used to understand the concept of the law of love in Paul's theology, while a study of Dalihan Na Tolu was conducted to identify its relevance to Christian ethics. The results show that there are similar values between the law of love in Paul's theology and the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu, especially in terms of love, respect and solidarity. However, some aspects of Dalihan Na Tolu need to be criticized, especially in terms of social hierarchy that can lead to injustice. Therefore, cultural transformation is needed so that the principle of love taught in the Bible can become the basis of Christian ethics that are relevant to Batak society. This research contributes to the development of contextual theology and provides insight for the church and Batak community in applying the law of love in social and traditional life.

This qualitative literature review explores the development and implications of the Contextualized Scholarly Impact Index (CSII), a framework designed to address the limitations of traditional metrics in assessing scholarly contributions. The review highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of scholarly impact that incorporates contextual factors, such as collaboration, societal relevance, and interdisciplinary engagement. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, the review identifies key themes that underscore the importance of recognizing diverse forms of scholarship, including public engagement and community involvement. The findings indicate that the CSII has the potential to transform the landscape of scholarly impact assessment by promoting a holistic and equitable evaluation framework. This shift aligns with the growing consensus within the academic community for more inclusive methodologies that reflect the multifaceted nature of research contributions. However, the review also acknowledges limitations, including the subjective interpretation of literature, the rapidly evolving nature of the field, and the need for empirical validation of the CSII. Ultimately, this review lays the groundwork for future research and practice, advocating for a contextualized approach that enriches our understanding of scholarly impact in contemporary academia.

This literature review investigates the paradox of diversity by examining how Critical Race Theory (CRT) challenges conventional approaches to equity and inclusion in organizational settings. The study explores the limitations of traditional diversity management frameworks, which often focus on representation or meritocracy without addressing deeper systemic issues of racism and discrimination. By applying CRT's principles of intersectionality and social justice, this review highlights how diversity programs that neglect to confront historical and structural power imbalances may fail to achieve true equity. The findings suggest that CRT offers a more comprehensive approach to understanding diversity, enabling organizations to create strategies that address inequities at their core. However, the review also acknowledges the limitations of applying CRT in diverse global contexts and the challenges organizations may face in implementing these strategies. The study concludes by recommending further empirical research on the outcomes of CRT-based diversity initiatives and suggests expanding the focus beyond race to include other dimensions of diversity such as gender and disability.

This qualitative literature review investigates the impact of constituency statutes on managerial decision-making and operational investments in corporate governance. As organizations increasingly adopt constituency statutes, a significant shift from traditional shareholder primacy to a stakeholder-oriented approach has emerged. This review synthesizes findings from various empirical studies, highlighting how constituency statutes facilitate a broader engagement with stakeholders, thus enhancing decision-making processes and promoting sustainable operational practices. The review identifies key themes, including the improved risk management capabilities, the fostering of transparency and collaboration, and the challenges of balancing diverse stakeholder interests. It underscores the importance of aligning organizational strategies with stakeholder expectations to ensure long-term value creation and corporate resilience. Despite the positive implications, the review also acknowledges limitations, including the variability of outcomes across different sectors and the potential complexities in stakeholder engagement. This study contributes to the understanding of how constituency statutes can reshape corporate governance frameworks, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to navigate the evolving landscape of managerial decision-making.

This comprehensive mentoring and training program is designed to transform the traditional knowledge of the community in Junjangan village, Batang Tuaka District about herbal plants into contemporary health solutions. Through a comprehensive educational approach, this program aims to empower people to use herbal plants as an effective and natural alternative treatment. This mentoring includes identification of local knowledge, practical training and ongoing support to ensure appropriate and sustainable implementation. The results of this program show a significant increase in the community's understanding and skills in processing and utilizing herbal plants for health. Apart from that, this program also contributes to the preservation of traditional knowledge and improves the welfare of the people of Junjangan village, Batang Tuaka District, Riau Province. This article provides in-depth insight into the impact of the program as well as the challenges faced in this transformation process.

The transformation of public sector accounting is critical for enhancing the quality of public services. This evolution is driven by the need for greater transparency, accountability, and efficiency within government operations. Traditional accounting practices, often characterized by a focus on compliance and financial reporting, are being replaced by more comprehensive frameworks that emphasize performance measurement and management. This shift is largely influenced by globalization, technological advancements, and the increasing expectations of citizens for improved public services. By adopting modern accounting practices, public sector organizations can better align their financial management strategies with service delivery goals, thus fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Key elements of this transformation include the integration of performance indicators into accounting systems, the use of budgeting as a tool for strategic planning, and the implementation of accrual accounting. These practices facilitate more nuanced understanding of the resources used in delivering services and the outcomes achieved. Moreover, the adoption of digital technologies in accounting processes enhances data accessibility and enables real-time reporting, which supports informed decision-making. Ultimately, the transformation of public sector accounting is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in how public organizations operate. By focusing on outcomes and accountability, this transformation encourages  more responsive and efficient public service, thereby improving the overall quality of services provided to citizens.

Digital transformation is a shift from traditional (manual) working methods to more modern and efficient ways of utilizing technology. This study aims to describe the digital transformation process in population administration services and the supporting and inhibiting factors in Banyuwangi Regency. The research method uses a qualitative approach. There are three data collection types: observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis used is interactive. The results of the study show that the implementation of digital transformation in population administration services in Banyuwangi Regency has had a positive impact, especially in accelerating and facilitating access to services. Despite facing challenges such as limited technology, digital literacy, and human resource readiness, the government has taken strategic steps to overcome them. Continued infrastructure support and education programs are the key to success.    

The consumption of carrion is a sensitive topic regulated in various religious traditions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Generally, Islam prohibits the consumption of carrion, except in situations where there are significant concerns regarding survival. This religious perspective aims to enforce strict adherence to maintain the sanctity and health of society. The health perspective highlights carrion as a dangerous food source because it has the potential to be contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or toxins, posing risks of diseases such as bacterial infections, food poisoning, and parasitosis. As a result, both the religious perspective and the health viewpoint agree on the warnings regarding the dangers of carrion, except in emergency situations with high ethical considerations or surgical interventions in severe cases. The purpose of this article is to explore the reasons behind the individual prohibition of consuming carrion from both religious and health perspectives and its effects on public health.  

The purpose of this research is to find out game techniques mangenet on the traditional Sulim Batak Toba instrument to accompany the song BE.683 "Di AdopanMu Jesus" at HKBP Bahalbatu I. Sulim is a traditional Batak Toba musical instrument, Sulim is made from bamboo, the Sulim instrument is blown from the side or is called a side blown flute. The Sulim instrument has been widely used in church services, especially in the HKBP Bahalbati I church. The Sulim instrument has been used to accompany worship services. especially in accompanying the song from BE .683 "In Your Adopan Jesus. This song is played at a larghetto tempo with a tempo of 65 BPM. This song was created by Hugo Nyberg in 1873 with the title "For jesus milda ogon" which was later translated into Toba Batak language by Rev. J.A.U. Doloksaribu and Rev. MV. Simajuntak. Meanwhile, the technique used in performing this song is the mangenet technique with the Sulim Batak Toba instrument. In this technique, the researcher combines the trial, slur, crescendo, descrecendo techniques to produce the mangenet playing technique on the sulim instrument and then the author combines this technique with the ambush or blowing technique, breathing technique, fingering technique and holding the sulim instrument.

Toinaman Hamlet is located on Moa Island, the condition of the hamlet is remote, limited infrastructure, minimal access to basic services and is an isolated hamlet.  Most of the residents in this hamlet are very dependent on the weather and natural products to survive. When natural conditions are unfavorable, such as storms, drought or rough seas, their source of livelihood is significantly disrupted. This of course greatly affects the ability of local hamlet communities to be able to meet their nutritional food needs, especially to fulfill their children's nutrition. Fulfilling nutrition for children in rural areas often faces its own challenges, especially related to access to a variety of nutritious foods. Some common problems include limited food ingredients, traditional diets that may lack diversity, and limited knowledge about nutrition. One source of nutritious food that is important for health is beef.  Beef is a good source of protein for children because it contains many important nutrients such as iron, zinc and vitamin B12, all of which support their growth and development. The PKM activity carried out is in the form of providing nutritious food in the form of processed beef to the children of Toinaman Hamlet, Moa Island. The aim is to improve the nutrition of the hamlet children, prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies and support the growth and development of the children of Toinaman Hamlet, Moa Island. The food products provided are food products made from beef, namely rendang products

The fish smoking business in Badarharjo Village has quite large potential to continue to grow. The smoked fish industry is carried out traditionally by the community and grows well with fresh fish as raw materials supplied from TPI in surrounding villages. Smoked fish entrepreneurs are dominated by mothers. Based on the situation analysis, the smoked fish produced was not stored properly, because most of the smoked fish had been cooked by buyers within a short time. Meanwhile, packaging is still done simply, namely using teak leaves or used newspaper as wrapping and then putting it in a plastic bag. Based on this, it is very important to hold Community Empowerment in Increasing Smoked Fish Production in Badarharjo Subdistrict Village in the form of training on storing and packaging processed Smoked Fish into Fozen Food. This community service activity was carried out to provide knowledge about the process of storing smoked fish properly and packaging smoked fish to make it attractive. The target output of this community service activity is publication in national journals with ISSN, news publication in mass media and video highlights of service activities uploaded to the YouTube channel. The training method in this activity is PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) which includes team formation, goal formulation, identification of target communities, collection and analysis of needs, determining problem solution priorities, preparation, implementation, mentoring, review and evaluation, then the final stage is determining needs. and new targets based on the results of evaluations that have been carried out. Activities are planned in two stages over two days. The first day was socialization on the importance of entrepreneurship and an introduction to vacuum equipment, the second day was training on making food packaging and labels as well as practicing the process of storing and packaging fish using vacuum techniques. This activity aims to ensure that people are able to increase their knowledge and skills in smoked fish entrepreneurship, have skills in using vacuum equipment, are able to carry out good fish packaging so that they can increase the added value of their products, and smoked fish entrepreneurs are able to increase their competitiveness in the market.

This study examines the use of impoliteness strategies and their relationship with gender in the animated series "Family Guy," with a specific focus on the 20th season. The objective is to determine whether the creators differentiate the use of impolite language between male and female characters and which gender employs these strategies more frequently. Using Jonathan Culpeper's 1996 frameworks, impoliteness strategies were categorized into five types: bald on record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm, and withhold politeness. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to analyse dialogues transcribed from the animations. The findings reveal six instances of impoliteness from Lois Griffin, including three bald on record utterances, two positive incivility utterances, and one withhold politeness utterance. In contrast, Peter Griffin exhibited 11 instances of impoliteness, consisting of one bald on record utterance, six positive impoliteness utterances, one negative impoliteness utterance, and three sarcastic utterances, with no examples of withhold politeness. The analysis indicates that female characters' impoliteness utterances are fewer than male characters, potentially due to limited screen time. However, the nature of Lois Griffin's impoliteness was similar to Peter's, suggesting that the creators did not design female characters to be more polite. This challenges traditional gender stereotypes regarding language use.

Education is a conscious and planned effort aimed at developing students' potential to achieve a better life. In the context of physical education, quality learning plays an important role in increasing students' interest and creativity. Physical activity, as taught in PJOK subjects, is very important for students' physical-motor development, especially in junior high school age children. However, observations show that the gross motor development of 7th grade students is not optimal and teachers are less innovative in the use of media and games. Traditional games, such as black and green, can be a solution to improve students' gross motor skills while creating a fun learning atmosphere. This study aims to explore the application of the black and green game in improving the gross motor skills of 13-year-old students, with the hope of making a positive contribution to PJOK learning.

The influence of engineering extends far beyond traditional boundaries with the evolving automotive sector and its increasing importance highlighted in this articles exploration of the intricate world of car engine design through historical insights and current advancements that significantly impact the automotive industry. Key elements in engine design such as thermodynamics, materials selection, fuel systems, emission control and stress analysis are introduced systematically as factors, for efficient and ecofriendly powertrain solutions. The industry’s dedication to finding solutions is clearly seen in how they consider sustainability factors during the engine design process. The study also delves into the influence of engine design within the sector alongside advancements and market trends to emphasize the crucial role of innovation in staying competitive and meeting consumer needs. Finally, the research proposes paths, for engine design exploration courting new challenges and uncharted territories that are poised to shape the evolution of vehicle propulsion.

This study examines the shift in social values in the inheritance rights of Karo Muslim women in Lingga Culture Village, Karo Regency. This research uses qualitative research and descriptive method. Information was collected through observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, and Karo Muslim family members and documentation. The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant change in the distribution of inheritance rights of Karo Muslim women, from previously not getting their share to now being more fair and equal. The patriarchal culture in Karo society places men at a higher level than women. The Lingga Cultural Village community initially applied customary law, namely "Ajar dibata reh tua-tua sinuria" which means the teachings of ancestors in the distribution of inheritance rights, the inheritance of parents is only given to sons as heirs while daughters are not recognized as heirs and will only get "pemberen" which means gifts from parents. According to Max Waber's theory of social action, the division of inheritance rights is carried out using customary laws that have become social customs because these actions have meanings and values that are now showing a shift in Karo society. However, along with the times and increasing public awareness of the importance of gender equality, the rules for the distribution of inheritance in Lingga Cultural Village began to change. The occurrence of this social value shift is influenced by religious factors, education, jurisprudence, and globalization.

Shina, mai., 2024, test of antibacterial activity of extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction of chinese petai leaf (leuncaena leucocephala) against staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, thesis, faculty of health sciences, duta bangsa university, surakarta one of the traditional medicines that currently has the potential to be developed is the chinese petai plant (leucaena leucocephala). Chinese petai leaves are used by the people of indonesia as a remedy for new and swollen wounds. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus bacterium that is the main pathogen in humans. Almost everyone has experienced a wide variety of staphylococcus aureus infections during their lifetime, from severe food poisoning to minor skin infections. The methods used in this study are diffusion and dilution. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of water extracts and fractions, ethyl acetate fractions, and n-hexane fractions of chinese petai leaves (leuncaena leucocephala), to find the most active extracts and fractions based on their inhibitory zones, and to determine the khm and kbm of the most active extracts against staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923. Based on research conducted on ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction of chinese petai leaves have antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923. The most active extract in inhibiting staphylococcus aures atcc 25923 judging from its inhibition zone value is ethanol extract. Ethanol extract of chinese petai leaves has the same khm and kbm values, namely at a concentration of 25%.      

Sam Ratulangi International Airport in Manado plays a strategic role as the main gateway for tourists visiting North Sulawesi, making significant contributions to local tourism and the economy. The implementation of local wisdom at this airport, such as the use of regional languages and the integration of cultural elements in terminal design, aims to enrich the tourist experience and showcase the cultural richness of North Sulawesi. However, challenges remain regarding capacity and service quality, as well as maintaining the authenticity of local culture. This study aims to analyze how the application of local wisdom at Sam Ratulangi International Airport impacts the tourist experience in North Sulawesi and to evaluate the local cultural values implemented at the airport in enhancing the visitor experience. The research design uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to assess the application of local wisdom at Sam Ratulangi International Airport, Manado. The study, conducted in July 2024, combines interviews, observations, and documentation to gather data. Interviews with airport managers, local communities, and passengers provide insights into the impact of local wisdom. Observations focus on cultural elements at the airport, while documentation includes official data and relevant literature. Data validity is tested through triangulation of techniques and sources. Data analysis involves reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing to address or refine the research problem. The study findings indicate that the application of local wisdom at Sam Ratulangi International Airport, such as traditional Kolintang music, batik exhibitions, and the use of regional languages, enhances the tourist experience by creating a distinctive atmosphere that introduces North Sulawesi's culture. Local values such as "mapalus" (community cooperation) and "torang samua basudara" (we are all brothers) are reflected in the friendly and efficient service, leaving a positive impression and shaping tourists' views of the region as rich in culture and humanitarian values.