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This study aims to analyze the role of company size as a moderator variable in the relationship between profitability and leverage and sales growth in manufacturing companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2023 period. The research method used is a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques, so that 56 sample data that meet the research criteria are obtained. Data analysis was carried out using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of SPSS software version 30. The results show that leverage does not have a significant effect on profitability, while sales growth is proven to have a significant effect on profitability. Furthermore, company size has not been shown to moderate the relationship between leverage and profitability, but it does play a significant role in moderating the relationship between sales growth and profitability. These findings support the Pecking Order theory, which emphasizes that companies with larger sizes tend to have wider access to funding so that they are able to strengthen the influence of sales growth on profitability. This research provides a theoretical contribution in enriching the literature on factors that affect profitability, as well as a practical contribution to company management in formulating more effective financial and growth strategies. Thus, the size of the company proves to be an important factor to consider in the analysis of financial performance, particularly in the context of the relationship between sales growth and profitability.

This study aims to analyze the effect of product variation and store atmosphere on customer revisit intention at Kilat Kuphi, Jalan Garuda, Medan. A quantitative associative approach was applied by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, and the data were analyzed using inferential statistics with SPSS. The results show that both product variation and store atmosphere have a positive and significant influence, either partially or simultaneously, on revisit intention. Product tangibility and interior display emerged as dominant indicators in shaping positive customer experiences. These findings highlight that continuous innovation in product offerings and store atmosphere management is crucial for enhancing customer loyalty and ensuring business sustainability. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of maintaining consistency in both product offerings and store ambiance to ensure that customers return. By focusing on these two key areas, businesses can foster long-term relationships with customers, increase brand loyalty, and ultimately enhance profitability. The implications of this study suggest that retailers, particularly in the competitive market of Medan, should prioritize not only product diversity but also the creation of a pleasant and immersive store environment to drive customer retention.

Solid financial performance is a crucial foundation for companies to achieve long-term success. In the banking context, financial health assessments are essential, as they directly relate to the stability of the national financial system. Therefore, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has established standards for evaluating bank soundness using the RGEC method, which includes four key aspects: Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Earnings, and Capital. This study aims to analyze the soundness level of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA) during the 2020–2024 period using the RGEC approach. The assessment is conducted by evaluating financial ratios such as Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The analysis results show that BCA achieved a "very healthy" rating (PK-1) in all RGEC aspects. This reflects BCA's ability to effectively manage risk, implement sound corporate governance principles, and maintain strong profitability and capital. These findings strengthen BCA's position as one of the best-performing banks in Indonesia and demonstrate the company's commitment to maintaining financial stability and customer trust.

This study links Liquidity, profitability, value, capital structure. Moderator (IDX property firms, 2022–2024). Using quantitative methods with multiple linear, moderated regression analysis (MRA), 76 companies were examined. Results show liquidity (Current Ratio) negatively affects firm value, indicating that excessive current assets reduce efficiency and investor appeal. ROE lacks impact, showing profit instability. Capital structure shows no moderating effect.These findings emphasize the need for efficient asset management and consistent profitability enhance firm value, regardless of capital structure.

This study aims to analyze the differences in financial performance between PT Ciputra Development Tbk (CTRA) and PT Pakuwon Jati Tbk (PWON) during 2019–2023 based on liquidity, profitability, solvency, and dividend policy ratios. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative method was employed. The study utilized secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports of both companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Financial ratios were analyzed, including the Current Ratio (CR), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Data normality and homogeneity tests were conducted, followed by Independent Sample t-Test and Mann–Whitney U test using SPSS version 26 to identify statistical differences. The results indicate no significant differences between CTRA and PWON in CR, ROA, and DPR, but a significant difference in DER, where CTRA shows higher leverage compared to PWON. These findings suggest that the key distinction between the two companies lies in their capital structure rather than profitability or dividend policy, reflecting different financial management strategies within Indonesia’s property sector.

The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) provides public access to investment. Investors can invest in various companies through publicly listed securities using capital market processes to obtain returns and dividends. To obtain returns and dividends, investors first read the company's financial statements to avoid losses. Aiming to provide empirical evidence, this study analyzed non-financial corporations listed on the IDX between 2020 and 2023 to determine the impact of financial performance on dividend policy, along with company size as a moderating variable. This research employed a quantitative approach and purposive sampling for data selection, which was updated in line with predetermined indicators. Over four years, 147 different companies served as study samples. The study used warpPLS 7.0 as a data analysis tool and combined outer and inner models to evaluate independent variable hypotheses and moderating hypotheses. The study found that liquidity plays a role in dividend policy, profitability plays a role in dividend policy, activity plays a role in dividend policy, and only solvency does not play a role in dividend policy. It was also found that company size does not moderate the relationship between liquidity and dividend policy, but it does moderate the relationship between profitability and dividend policy. Company size also does not moderate the relationship between activity and dividend policy, and does not strengthen the relationship between solvency and dividend policy.

This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios on financial distress in transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2024 period. The research employed a documentation method by collecting secondary data from the companies’ financial statements within the observed period. The financial ratios analyzed include profitability, liquidity, leverage, and activity. The level of financial distress was measured using the Altman Z-Score method. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 22 companies observed over six years. Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression with the assistance of EViews 12, with the selected model being the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The partial test results indicate that profitability, liquidity, leverage, and activity ratios do not have a significant effect on financial distress. However, the simultaneous test results show that the four variables together significantly affect financial distress. These findings suggest that financial ratios cannot serve as a single indicator in assessing a company’s financial distress. Nevertheless, when used collectively and combined with the Altman Z-Score measurement, they can provide a more accurate assessment of a company’s financial distress condition.

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability, capital structure, and firm size on firm value in the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), capital structure using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), firm size using total assets, and firm value using the Price to Book Value (PBV). The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method based on specific criteria, resulting in 160 firm observations. The study uses secondary data obtained from the companies’ annual financial reports published by the IDX. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, including descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value, meaning that companies with higher profitability tend to have higher firm value. Firm size also shows a positive and significant effect on firm value, suggesting that larger companies with greater total assets tend to achieve higher market valuation. However, capital structure does not have a significant effect on firm value, implying that the balance between debt and equity is not necessarily a key determinant of market value for companies in this sector.

This study aims to examine the effect of sales growth, profitability, capital structure, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm value in companies listed in the LQ45 index during the 2022–2024 period. This research also intends to provide insights for investors in evaluating the factors that influence firm value as a basis for investment decision-making, including sales growth, profitability, capital structure, CSR, and firm value. The population of this study consists of 45 LQ45 companies, with a sample of 32 companies selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, resulting in 96 total observations. The research results show that sales growth and CSR do not affect firm value. Meanwhile, profitability and capital structure hurt firm value. This study concludes that sales growth has not yet become a strong fundamental signal for investors, as it does not always reflect sustainable performance. High profitability, in fact, has a negative effect on firm value, which may be due to a mismatch between short-term profits and the long-term prospects expected by investors. A high capital structure signals greater financial risk, thereby reducing investor confidence in the company. Meanwhile, CSR has not had a significant impact on firm value, possibly due to low disclosure quality or a lack of investor attention to sustainability issues.

Profitability is a key indicator in assessing a company’s financial performance, particularly in the personal care industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study aims to analyze the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on profitability as measured by Net Profit Margin (NPM). The research employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis based on the financial statements of personal care companies for the 2021–2024 period. The findings reveal that ROA has a positive and significant effect on NPM, indicating that the more efficiently a company manages its assets, the higher the net profit margin achieved. Meanwhile, ROE and DER show no significant effect on NPM, implying that shareholder equity returns and debt utilization in the capital structure have not directly enhanced net profitability. These results suggest that optimal asset management is a crucial factor in improving the financial performance of personal care companies.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial ratios, specifically the Current Ratio (CR) and Return on Assets (ROA), on stock returns of food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period 2022–2024. The approach used is quantitative with a descriptive method and multiple linear regression analysis, along with classical assumption tests to ensure data validity. The sample consists of 18 companies that meet the purposive sampling criteria based on the availability of complete financial statements, observation periods, and no losses. Data were obtained from annual financial reports available on the official BEI website and individual companies. The analysis results show that, simultaneously, both Current Ratio and Return on Assets have a positive and significant effect on stock returns, indicating that liquidity and profitability are important factors affecting investment returns in this sector. Partially, ROA has a significant positive effect on stock returns, while the effect of CR is positive but not significant. These findings provide strategic implications for companies in managing financial aspects and for investors in making investment decisions based on financial indicators. This study is expected to contribute to the development of knowledge in corporate finance.

PT Pos Logistik Indonesia (POSLOG) is a company that provides integrated logistics services across various sectors. One of the main commodities delivered regularly each year is rice from Bulog, which has a significant distribution volume. At present, PT Pos Logistik Indonesia – Branch Bandung still relies on third-party (vendor) transportation services, which leads to suboptimal company revenue and creates dependency on external parties. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of operational cost efficiency between the use of company-owned vehicles and rented vehicles. The analytical methods applied include Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). The analysis results show that the cost of using vendor services amounts to IDR 710 per kilogram, while the cost of using company-owned vehicles is only IDR 284 per kilogram. Furthermore, the NPV value reached IDR 2,732,364,981, the IRR was 129.94%, and the Payback Period was 1 year and 9 months. Based on these findings, investing in company-owned vehicles is proven to be more efficient, economical, and feasible to improve profitability and ensure business sustainability.

His study aims to investigate the influence of investment decisions, financing, dividend policy, and profitability on the firm value of State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The research is motivated by the fluctuating firm value (PBV), which reached a low of 1.66 in 2020 and a high of 2.05 in 2022, indicating shifts in market perception. Using a quantitative approach and a purposive sampling method, this study analyzes secondary data from four SOE banks: PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk, PT Bank BNI Tbk, and PT Bank BTN Tbk. The data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The results show that investment decisions, dividend policy, and profitability have a significant positive effect on firm value. In contrast, financing decisions were found to have no significant effect on firm value. This study concludes that an integrated approach to financial management is essential for creating long-term firm value.

Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure reflects the extent to which a company communicates its overall responsibility for the impact of its activities in order to achieve business sustainability. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of firm size, firm age, profitability, and leverage on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. The research sample consists of energy sector and basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period that reported annual reports and sustainability reports using the GRI 2021 standards. The sampling method employed purposive sampling, resulting in a total of 33 companies with 99 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that firm age and profitability have a positive effect on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. Firm size and leverage do not have an effect on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. This study provides empirical evidence for Legitimacy Theory in explaining how internal company factors, particularly firm age and profitability, affect Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure as a form of aligning corporate activities with prevailing values and norms as well as societal expectations to obtain and maintain social legitimacy.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of profitability and capital structure on corporate income tax (PPh) payable at PT Kediri Tani Sejahtera during 2018–2022. The research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with primary data obtained through interviews and documentation of the company’s financial statements, including annual income statements and balance sheets. The analysis involves calculating profitability ratios, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), as well as capital structure ratios, namely Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and comparing them with the annual corporate income tax payable. The results indicate that net profit before tax and PPh payable were below 4.8 billion IDR annually. Trend Moment analysis shows that profitability has a significant relationship with PPh payable, while capital structure also affects PPh, though not directly. The company’s asset size impacts depreciation recognized as an expense in the income statement, influencing the tax amount due. This study confirms that managing profitability and capital structure is crucial for tax planning and compliance in manufacturing companies, particularly in the organic fertilizer industry.

Climate change driven by global warming has prompted companies to enhance transparency regarding the environmental impacts of their operational activities, particularly in the disclosure of carbon emissions. Such disclosure is essential to address stakeholder demands and to gain social legitimacy, in accordance with stakeholder theory, which serves as the foundation of this study. This research aims to empirically examine the effect of environmental performance, profitability, and institutional ownership on carbon emission disclosure among non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population of this study comprises non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2023. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 332 observations from 115 companies. The data analysis method employed is multiple linear regression analysis. The results reveal that environmental performance has a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure, indicating that the better the company’s environmental performance, the higher the level of carbon emission disclosure. Profitability and institutional ownership, however, have no significant effect on carbon emission disclosure.

Financial distress refers to a condition where a company experiences financial difficulties and if it is not resolved immediately, it will lead to bankruptcy. Several models can be used to measure financial distress, one of which is the Zmijewski model. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial ratios and macroeconomic factors on financial distress among technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research was conducted at technology companies listed on the IDX for the 2020–2024 period, with a sample size of 44 companies selected using a purposive sampling method. The study employed secondary data derived from company financial statements obtained through the official IDX website and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that financial ratios specifically, profitability (ROE) have a significant negative effect on financial distress, while leverage (DER) has a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, macroeconomic factors such as inflation and interest rates have no effect on financial distress.

Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) faces challenges in optimizing financial performance and market valuation following the merger process in 2021. This study aims to analyze the influence of Third Party Funds, liquidity, and Islamicity Performance Index on BSI stock prices during the period 2021-2025. The research employs multiple linear regression analysis method using monthly data from BSI financial reports and stock price data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results indicate that Third Party Funds have a negative but non-significant effect on BSI stock prices, suggesting that increases in Third Party Funds do not automatically enhance stock valuation as investors are concerned about the profit-sharing burden that must be paid. Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, demonstrating that fund distribution efficiency is the primary factor evaluated by investors. The Islamicity Performance Index has a negative and significant effect on stock prices, confirming that investors interpret high sharia compliance indices as reducing profitability for shareholders. This study confirms that investors in evaluating Bank Syariah Indonesia stocks prioritize operational efficiency over operational scale or sharia compliance orientation.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the financial performance of industrial sector C IDX-IC companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021–2023. Capital structure is proxied by the ratio of long-term debt to equity, while financial performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA). A quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis was employed, and the sample was selected using purposive sampling. The results reveal that capital structure has a significant positive effect on ROA, whereas CSR disclosure has a significant negative effect on ROA. These findings suggest that strategic use of long-term debt can enhance profitability, while the costs and commitments arising from CSR disclosure may reduce financial performance. The study implies that company management should optimize capital structure and carefully balance sustainability strategies through CSR disclosure to avoid diminishing profitability.

This study aims to analyze the financial health of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using eight financial ratios based on the Indonesian Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Decree No. KEP-100/MBU/2002. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with secondary data derived from annual financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the company’s official website. The findings reveal that Garuda Indonesia’s financial condition fluctuated, categorized as less healthy in 2019, deteriorated into unhealthy during 2020–2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and showed limited recovery in 2022–2023, returning to the less healthy category. The main weaknesses were observed in profitability, liquidity, and solvency, while activity ratios remained relatively sound. This study highlights that Garuda’s financial problems were driven not only by external shocks from the pandemic but also by internal factors such as high debt burden and weak governance. The results are expected to contribute academically by enriching the literature on SOE financial health analysis in the post-pandemic context and provide practical implications for management, policymakers, and investors.