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Children with special needs are those who have physical, intellectual and social emotional limitations, so they have obstacles in their growth and development process. One of the children with special needs is autism. Autistic children are children who have abnormalities in neurological development that affect their communication and interaction styles with other people and also the things around them. Flexsi School is a school with segregation services, where there are several children with different special needs. In conducting observations the researcher focused on one child with autism, therefore the researcher tried to research this with the aim of finding out what the characteristics of autistic children are. Flexsi School, the characteristics of children with special needs are of course different and diverse, one of which is autism, they have the right to receive education like children in general. Children who experience autism also have a variety of behaviors, each with the same abnormalities. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show a wide variety of behavior in children with autism, which requires attention from their caregivers. Flexsi school provides good attention and needs to children with special needs.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed the work paradigm, creating a work environment that is not bound by geographical boundaries through the utilization of cloud platforms, online collaboration tools, and advanced digital communications. This transformation increases productivity and enables collaboration between employees, even if they work in different locations. However, these changes also bring new challenges related to employee well-being. One of the main issues is stress due to the blurring of working time boundaries, with employees often struggling to distinguish between work and personal time. In addition, there is an increased risk of physical injury due to the use of non-ergonomic digital devices, including injuries from improper keyboard and mouse use. To overcome these challenges, companies must implement ergonomic office equipment to support the physical and mental health of their employees. Modern technology, including artificial intelligence (AI), plays an important role in selecting and customizing ergonomic office equipment to the individual needs of employees. AI analyzes equipment usage and posture data and recommends adjustments to prevent injuries and improve work comfort. The purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of office technology and ergonomics in improving employee productivity and well-being. By integrating advanced technology and ergonomic principles, companies can create a more comfortable and healthy work environment. This not only increases productivity, but also improves job satisfaction, creativity and employee retention. An ergonomic work environment reduces stress and fatigue, allowing employees to work more effectively and efficiently. The research method used in this study is a literature review that collects and analyzes information from various sources regarding office technology, ergonomics, and their impact on work productivity. The study found that the use of ergonomics-enabled technology in the workplace significantly increases employee happiness. Companies that invest in ergonomic technology and equipment can create a sustainable competitive advantage through a healthier and more productive workforce. This study shows that a balance between technology and ergonomics is key to creating a productive and sustainable work environment.

Character education is a fundamental element in the educational process, especially at the elementary school level where students are at the critical stage of forming values ​​and principles. At this age, students are experiencing rapid physical, mental, emotional and social development. Therefore, character education is very important to help students build strong moral and social foundations. In the context of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) subjects, the integration of character values ​​not only enriches the curriculum but also strengthens students' moral and social foundations. PJOK's diverse and dynamic activities, such as games, sports and other physical activities, provide an ideal platform for instilling important values ​​such as honesty, discipline, cooperation, responsibility and sportsmanship. Through a systematic and reflective approach, this research identifies effective methods for integrating these values ​​into daily PJOK activities. This includes developing a curriculum designed to promote positive social interactions, increased self-awareness, and appreciation for diversity and inclusion. For example, in team games, students can learn about cooperation, communication, and mutual respect. In individual activities, students can develop self-discipline, responsibility, and sportsmanship. Additionally, teachers can facilitate reflective discussions after activities to help students understand and internalize the values ​​they have put into practice. By systematically integrating character education in PJOK subjects, this research aims to help students not only develop physical abilities, but also build strong character, which will be the foundation for their future development. And thus, PJOK learning does not only focus on physical development but also on strengthening character, which ultimately forms students who are holistically healthy - both physically and socially-emotionally. This research provides new insights into the potential of PJOK learning as a tool for character education, offers concrete strategies for educators to implement these values ​​effectively, and highlights the importance of integrated character education in the elementary school curriculum.

This study aims to analyze the coastal women’s dual roles in Ternate City and its impact on their physical and mental well-being. This study used a qualitative approach to identify the division of work between domestic roles and productive roles, factors affecting dual roles, and their impact on women's well-being. The research method involved literature study, observation, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study showed that coastal women experienced significant dual roles due to patriarchal cultural norms, unequal access to resources, and economic pressures. The impacts covered sleep disturbances, physical fatigue, stress, anxiety, and depression. Efforts such as strengthening inclusive development programs, changing cultural norms, and developing work flexibility policies that consider women's dual roles are needed to reduce double workload.

Fatherless is a phenomenon which is define as the absence of the father’s role in parenting both physically and psychologically. In married life, disputes and conflicts cannot be avoided so they require trust and commitment to each other. Disputes in family life can have positive impacts, one of which is adjustment to the household environment. However, it cannot be denied that disputes can also threaten the continuity of a marriage, such as divorce. In cases of divorce, fatherless can also appear in children who are victims of divorce. Divorce results in them not being able to feel their father’s presence and his role in accompanying their growth and development. The aim of this research is to describe the fatherless phenomenon and provide an analysis of the fatherless phenomenon regarding family relationships. The research method in this article is to use a descriptive method using literature study data collection techniques. The results of the research show that the phenomenon of fatherlessness can be the cause of parents divorcing, which is due to the lack of the father’s presence in the family so that children experience an absence of figures which can cause conflict in the household and lead to divorce. However, children can also experience fatherlessness after the divorce of their parents, which is due to the lack of time for communication between the child and his father, which indicates the absence of a father figure

Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) is a strategy to sanitation development that was established in response to the high prevalence of diarrhea caused by poor sanitation in Morokrembangan Village, which resulted from the community's behavior of defecating anywhere. This approach facilitates the community empowerment process to analyze the situation and risks of environmental pollution caused by open defecation. This research aims to determine the effect of the first pillar of the Community Based Total Sanitation (STBM) program, namely Stop Open Defecation (STOPS) in Morokrembangan Village. Using the method proposed by finsterbusch and motz, namely the Single Program Before-After assessment/evaluation.  The existence of the STBM program has had a positive influence on society. The positive influence here can be seen from various aspects, such as positive influence in the form of changes in the environment, health, socio-culture, physical condition of latrines.

In the midst of job competition between countries in Asia, people with disabilities must also fight for their place in the job market. People with disabilities, who may face physical, mental, intellectual, motor and sensory barriers, face the additional challenge of finding employment commensurate with their abilities and barriers. Although the Indonesian government has made efforts to provide equal rights to people with disabilities through laws and policies, many challenges remain. Many people with disabilities are forced to work in the informal sector with low wages, and low participation. Therefore, research on the career prospects and experiences of individuals with disabilities is important in identifying the obstacles faced and exploring solutions that can improve disability inclusion in the world of work. Literature studies can provide valuable insights into the potential and problems experienced by people with disabilities in finding and maintaining employment, and provide a basis for the development of more inclusive policies and more effective support. By encouraging better accessibility and providing appropriate support services, communities and governments can help people with disabilities develop their potential and achieve success in their careers, while ensuring that work environments become more inclusive for all individuals, regardless of background or physical condition.

Nutrition is a substance that is very important for the growth of the human body as a fulfillment of energy found from healthy foods and drinks. Nutrition is a key factor in producing quality human resources in the future. In toddlers nutrition plays a very good role and is an important phase in human development where toddlers experience rapid physical growth, significant cognitive, social, and emotional development. The purpose of this study was conducted in order to determine the role of nutrition on development and growth in toddlers. The method used in this research is the literature review method, which is research conducted to collect data from various sources to find literature such as journals, books, newspaper articles, the internet or websites. The role of nutrition for development and growth in infancy is very important, because in infancy this is the initial stage in the process of training and development of the human body.    

Down syndrome (DS) is a physical disorder caused by an excess of the third chromosome in the 21st pair of chromosomes which causes the number of chromosomes to become 47. One of the symptoms of Down syndrome is muscle weakness which can affect the baby's reflexes. To assess the effect of baby massage intervention on the reflex development of babies with Down syndrome in the NICU. The method used in this research is a case study with baby massage intervention for Down syndrome patients in the NICU. The intervention was carried out for 3 days. Baby massage intervention is carried out once a day with a duration of 10 -15 minutes. The results of this case study show that after baby massage there were changes in the palmar grasp reflex and Babinski reflex. Baby massage can improve babies’ reflexes particularly palmar and Babinski reflexes on babies with Down syndrome in the NICU.

Currently, the development of communication networks has influenced how humans communicate and exchange information. Data communications technology reflects the rapid evolution in the way humans communicate and exchange information. Data communication is the process of exchanging information between two or more devices via a transmission medium, such as cables, radio waves, or other network infrastructure. The goal of data communications is to transfer data from one location to another quickly, efficiently, and accurately. The method used is to look for references from several internet sources such as Google. The OSI model has 7 layers, namely Application Layer, Presentation layer, Session Layer, Transport layer, Network layer, data link layer, physical layer

The aim of this research is to provide information about how the implementation of inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia can be carried out. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Library studies can be defined as a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. Based on the results of the literature study, the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is an important paradigm shift in the education system. This aims to ensure that every individual, including those with special needs, has full access to quality education. There are several steps that can be taken in implementing inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia, namely, policies and regulations; training and education for educators; inclusive curriculum development; inclusive physical facilities; community education; collaboration between institutions; as well as evaluation and monitoring. So in essence inclusive education is very important to create equality, participation and respect for diversity in the classroom. Even though its implementation is still faced with various challenges and obstacles, the efforts of the government and related stakeholders have produced policies, programs and best practice models in inclusive education. Thus, it is important for the government, educational institutions, teachers and society as a whole to continue to work together and commit to encouraging the implementation of better inclusive education.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the criminological review of the forms and efforts to overcome violence against children in Kupang City. This research is an empirical juridical research that uses data collection techniques through interviews, documentation studies to obtain primary and secondary data on Criminology Review of Forms and Efforts to Overcome Violence Against Children in Kupang City, the data is descriptively qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the forms of violence that occur in Kupang City, physical violence, namely all acts of torture, beatings and abuse of children with or without the use of objects that cause physical injury or death to children, emotional / psychological violence, namely situations of feeling unsafe and comfortable experienced by children. Sexual violence is when children are sexually abused/treated and also involved or take part in or see activities of a sexual nature with the aim of pornography, body movements, movies or something that aims to exploit sex where someone satisfies their sexual appetite for others. Economic abuse is the abuse of a child's labor for work and other activities for the benefit of their parents or others. Child neglect/exploitation is the attitude and behavior of parents who do not provide proper attention to the child's growth and development process. Efforts made against cases of child abuse are preemptive efforts, initial efforts made by the police to prevent the occurrence of a criminal act, preventive efforts, preventive measures taken by the authorities before the occurrence of a criminal act, repressive efforts, countermeasures made by the authorities after a criminal act has occurred.      

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

In the context of the Industrial Era 4.0, which is characterized by the rapid development of digital technology and automation, consideration of individual physical fitness is becoming increasingly important. Physical health and fitness have a major impact on personal productivity in an ever-changing, digitally connected work environment. This article examines the relationship between fitness fitness and personal productivity during this period. Empirical studies and research literature support the assumption that fitness has a positive impact on individual productivity. People who maintain physical health tend to have higher energy levels, better stress tolerance, and better cognitive abilities. These factors are becoming increasingly important in a competitive, technology-driven work environment. However, there are challenges to implementing this concept effectively in the Industrial Era 4.0. Changes in work patterns, time pressures and the tendency to be attached to digital devices can hinder maintaining physical fitness. Therefore, organizations and individuals need to adopt a holistic approach, including healthy lifestyle habits, smart planning, and the use of technology to support work-life balance. Understanding the relationship between physical fitness and personal productivity in the Industry 4.0 Era allows companies to take proactive steps to improve the health and well-being of their employees, resulting in improved overall company performance and competitiveness.

The aim of this literature study is to conclude that the use of fly ash as a replacement material for most of the functions of cement in concrete mixes meets the standards for using concrete mixes as environmentally friendly building construction materials in the context of sustainable development, reducing the risk of the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide. The conclusion is that Fly ash, as waste from burning coal for power plants, can be used as a substitute for most of the functions of Portland cement, so that the waste material becomes an economic value and an effort to save the environment. And the mechanism for using HVFA-SCC concrete provides a work productivity solution in the construction sector in reducing the use of labor more efficiently and economically, as well as reducing the use of a large proportion of cement in the concrete composition. Fly ash contains physical and chemical elements with an equivalent composition that is similar to Portland cement. The softness of the fly ash grains is beneficial for filling empty spaces, making the concrete denser and more compact. The equivalent physical and chemical properties mean that fly ash can replace Portland cement.

Stunting is the impaired growth and development of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting can be caused by malnutrition experienced by the mother during pregnancy, or the child during their growth period. Stunting is a condition when children experience physical and cognitive growth delays, which can have a negative impact on their health and future. In the Islamic view, the prevention of stunting is an important task that Muslim societies should take on, in line with Allah's command not to be a weak people. Islam teaches to take good care of children and pay special attention to their growth and development. The relationship between stunting prevention and parenting in Islamic fiqh is an important aspect in ensuring the health and well-being of children, especially in the early years of life. Stunting, defined as a condition of stunted growth and development due to malnutrition, is a globally significant public health problem. Parenting in fiqh based on Islamic principles emphasizes the importance of proper nutrition and care of children to prevent stunting. The type of research used in this journal is quantitative research where this research is based on the philosophy of positivism, which is a philosophical teaching that views reality, symptoms, phenomena as classifiable, relatively fixed, concrete, observable, measurable, and relationships. This research was conducted in Tanjung Seneng sub-district, Kec. South Kotabumi, North Lampung Regency, Lampung, with a population of 85% and a sample size of 70%. Data collection was carried out by filling out the Millennial Parenting Style questionnaire and the Early Detection questionnaire in preventing stunting in toddlers.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant challenges in emotional regulation, often leading to behavioral difficulties such as anger outbursts, tantrums, and depression, particularly in early childhood development. Recognizing the need for effective interventions. Objective: To explore management interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. Methods: We conducted a review of interventions to improve emotion regulation for children with ASD. The search process uses appropriate populations, concepts, and contexts. The search was carried out through the PubMed, Science direct, ProQuest, and SAGE Journal databases published between 2011 - 2021. The selection process was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Critical assessment using The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Of 4,157 articles, 7 articles were selected for this review. Several interventions to improve emotional regulation that can be used include Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), Physical Activity, Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP), and Stress and Anger Management Program (STAMP). In general, this intervention can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD aged 4-17 years. Conclusion: All interventions can be used to improve emotional regulation in children with ASD

The purpose of writing this article is to determine increased access and equal distribution of the potential of Islamic educational institutions. This research uses a type of library research. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that one of the pillars of national education is the expansion and equal distribution of access to education. Expanding and equalizing access to education which is aimed at expanding the capacity of educational units by referring to the national priority scale which provides equal opportunities for all students from various groups of society who are diverse both socially, economically, gender, geographically and at the level of intellectual ability, and physical condition. Expanding and equalizing access provides the widest possible opportunities for the Indonesian population to be able to learn throughout their lives in order to increase the nation's competitiveness in the current era. Access to Islamic educational institutions has great significance for the development of individuals and society as a whole. This helps understand Islamic teachings, strengthens religious identity, teaches morals and ethics, understands relevant social and political issues, and helps build character and integrate religious values ​​in daily life. Obstacles to access to Islamic education in this village include Lack of material books and competence of teaching staff. This factor influences the quality of education and students' understanding of Islamic teachings. Therefore, to overcome this problem, greater efforts need to be made to increase access to education, provide adequate book materials, and increase the competency of teaching staff in village areas. Teacher training plays a key role in the distribution of Islamic religious education. Effective teacher training should focus on understanding local culture, relevant curriculum, innovative teaching methods, classroom management skills, community involvement, use of technology, and development of empathy skills.    

Down syndrome is a common disorder. In Indonesia, cases of Down syndrome tend to increase every year. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes children to have low cognitive and physical differences. One of the differences owned by down syndrome children is their language development. Therefore, this article was prepared to find out how language development in down syndrome children.  This article was prepared using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, which contains how language development in children with Down syndrome, factors that affect language development in children with Down syndrome, and efforts that can be made to develop language skills in children with Down syndrome.  This article explains that some Down syndrome children experience language delays, which are caused by genetic abnormalities and physical conditions such as a mouth cavity that is too narrow, a short palate, weak speech muscles and many more. To overcome language development in children with Down syndrome, several efforts can be made such as conducting speech and language therapy, and using the PECS method which has been proven effective in efforts to develop language in children with Down syndrome.