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Calligraphy is a beautiful and correct way of writing Arabic in accordance with the rules of writing. The science of calligraphy is not only concerned with the beauty of writing, but also concerned with the correctness of writing in accordance with the rules of writing. while Maharah Kitabah or writing skill is the ability to express, express and describe ideas, thoughts, and ideas in written form. Between learning calligraphy is very closely related to writing skills or maharah kitabah, so that from this linkage learning calligraphy has a great influence on maharah kitabah or writing skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out what influences arise from learning calligraphy on Maharah Kitabah. This research is qualitative by using literature study using descriptive analysis method. The results of the study show that the influence of learning calligraphy on maharah kitabah or writing skills, including improving Arabic writing according to the rules of writing, and learning calligraphy can beautify Arabic writing, so that writing has aesthetic and spiritual values, and also trains someone to describe his ideas and thoughts in a structured written form.    

This paper discusses the characteristics and responsibilities of leaders in the context of the uncertainty that often occurs during crises. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the duties of a person who has the ability to lead and direct his followers. Being a leader must have behavior in performing each task. In this study, the author analyzes and interprets the text from the Bible 1 Samuel 22:1-5. This book tells about the leadership of David who fled and hid from the pursuit of King Saul. In leadership, David became a tough, responsible leader. Even though David was on the run, he still did his duty to help those who were weak and did not look down on them. David was a responsible leader who was able to provide direction, stability, and make wise decisions during difficult times.

This article discusses the role of Jesus Christ as the "Cornerstone" in the context of the Christian life and how its meaning becomes increasingly relevant when we face trials and challenges in life. Jesus Christ as the "Cornerstone" is a metaphor that comes from the Book of 1 Peter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. This concept reflects the strength, stability, and protection given by Christ to His people. In this paper, we explore the significance of this concept and how it provides inspiration and hope to individuals facing trials and adversity. We also detail how faith in Jesus Christ as the “Cornerstone” can guide us through life's trials. In conclusion, this article explores how important it is to understand the presence of Christ in facing the trials that often come in our journey as believers.

The theological perspective on eschatology in the Book of Revelation includes various views and interpretations that have been submitted by the theologian, preacher, and religious scholars. The Book of Revelation, also known as the Book of Revelation to John, is one of the books in the New Testament in the Christian Bible. It focuses on the vision of the Prophet John who talks about the future and the end of time. Over time, the interpretation differs to the phenomenon of eschatology has sprung up. Although the Bible provides an idea of what will happen at the end of time, the more difficult to interpret how these events will occur in the modern world that continues to grow. Christian understanding of the end of time has developed and changed over time and in different cultural contexts. Therefore, this article will discuss what is the end of time (eschatology). How did the book Revelation talk about eschatology? What is the final picture of the time in the book of Revelation?

This article presents the meaning of the shepherd in the book of Psalm 23. The meaning of the shepherd today needs to look deeply at what is written in the book of Psalm 23, so that they can emulate what the psalmist wrote. By using a qualitative approach, descriptive method, and literature study as a data collection tool, it was found that the shepherd in the book of Psalm 23 is described by God as a shepherd who cares for and fulfills all the main needs of his sheep. Today's pastors have the task of leading the congregation with an example in life, paying attention to the physical and spiritual needs of the congregation. Pastors must now know the congregation they serve.

This research is based on problems encountered by the author in the field, especially at the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, namely that the Al-Qur'an hadith subject teachers at the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School are quite good. Starting from the beginning of learning which reminds them of memorization by reading it together and memorizing the Al-Qur'an and Hadith at the beginning of each week's learning, it's just that students don't use the best possible time to memorize the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. The aim of this strategy is that it is hoped that it can improve the ability to memorize the Al-Qur'an Hadith of students at MTs Nurul Hidayah. This research is descriptive research and the type of research is field research. The research is located at the Nurul Hidayah Simatorkis Islamic Boarding School. The key informants were Al-Qur'an Hadith teachers and the supporting informants were class IX students at MTs Nurul Hidayah. The data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that teachers in improving the memorization ability of students at MTs Nurul Hidayah use strategies, namely methods and techniques. The methods used by teachers in learning are the takrir method (repeating by rote), the kitabah method (writing) and the sima'i (listening) method and the technique is to use the teacher as an instructor in guiding students so that they can improve their ability to memorize Al-Qur'an Hadith at MTs Nurul Hidayah. And the things that a teacher considers in using strategies are seen from considerations related to the goals to be achieved, seen from considerations related to learning materials or materials, seen from considerations from the student's perspective.

The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning of Job's piety amidst suffering in the context of Job 2:1-13 and to reflect on Job's piety amidst the suffering of Christians today. The research method used in this research explores the themes of piety and perseverance in the context of Job 2:1-13 through an exegetical study approach. Job, a figure in the Bible who experienced severe suffering and trials, is the center of attention in this writing. This study considers the picture of Job's piety, despite facing extraordinary trials, still persevering in piety and maintaining his faith. From the context of the book of Job and his life experiences, a picture of the meaning of a believer being able to face suffering is drawn. This suffering is an inseparable part of the reality of human life. More than that, the suffering experienced by believers can be considered a gift from Allah which aims to bring their personal relationship with Him closer. The main key in facing suffering is to carry it out with strong piety, because this strengthens the human bond with Allah. Even though Job experienced tremendous suffering, Job never turned his back on God; on the contrary, Job remained faithful to Him. Job's story should be an example for believers today, remembering that in every hardship, struggle and suffering, steadfast faith and piety should encourage Christians to continue to draw closer to God.

The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning of Job's piety amidst suffering in the context of Job 2:1-13 and to reflect on Job's piety amidst the suffering of Christians today. The research method used in this research explores the themes of piety and perseverance in the context of Job 2:1-13 through an exegetical study approach. Job, a figure in the Bible who experienced severe suffering and trials, is the center of attention in this writing. This study considers the picture of Job's piety, despite facing extraordinary trials, still persevering in piety and maintaining his faith. From the context of the book of Job and his life experiences, a picture of the meaning of a believer being able to face suffering is drawn. This suffering is an inseparable part of the reality of human life. More than that, the suffering experienced by believers can be considered a gift from Allah which aims to bring their personal relationship with Him closer. The main key in facing suffering is to carry it out with strong piety, because this strengthens the human bond with Allah. Even though Job experienced tremendous suffering, Job never turned his back on God; on the contrary, Job remained faithful to Him. Job's story should be an example for believers today, remembering that in every hardship, struggle and suffering, steadfast faith and piety should encourage Christians to continue to draw closer to God.

ABSTRAK   Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam serta mengetahui kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari perspektif hukum Islam menunjukkan bahwa tahun 2005 Majelis Ulama Indonesia mengeluarkan Fatwa MUI 4/2005 atas pertimbangan bahwa dewasa ini semakin banyak terjadi tindakan aborsi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa memperhatikan tuntunan agama. MUI menyatakan bahwa: a) Aborsi haram hukumnya sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi); b) Aborsi dibolehkan karena adanya uzur, baik yang bersifat darurat ataupun hajat; Aborsi yang dibolehkan karena uzur sebagaimana dimaksud pada angka 2 hanya boleh dilaksanakan di fasilitas kesehatan yang telah ditunjuk oleh pemerintah; serta d) Aborsi haram hukumnya dilakukan pada kehamilan yang terjadi akibat zina. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kajian tentang tindakan aborsi apabila ditinjau dari peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia meunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesa yang mengatur tentang tindakan aborsi yakni pada Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan.   Kata kunci: Aborsi, Hukum Islam, Undang-Undang                                                                 ABSTRACT   The purpose of this research is to find out the study of abortion when viewed from the perspective of Islamic law and to know the study of abortion when viewed from the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The study used juridical methods. The results showed that the study of abortion when viewed from the perspective of Islamic law showed that in 2005 the Indonesian Ulema Council issued MUI Fatwa 4/2005 on the consideration that today there are more and more abortions carried out by the community without regard to religious guidance. MUI states that: a) Abortion is illegal since the implantation of blastocyst in the mother's uterine wall (nidation); b) Abortion is permissible due to old age, whether emergency or emergency; Abortions that are permitted due to old age as referred to in number 2 may only be carried out in health facilities that have been designated by the government; and d) Unlawful abortions are performed in pregnancies resulting from adultery. The results also show that the study of abortion when viewed from the laws and regulations in Indonesia shows that the laws and regulations in Indonesia that regulate the act of abortion are in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health.   Keywords: Abortion, Islamic Law, Law

Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab ini dilaksanakan selama dua semester dalam yaitu semester gasal dan semester genap yang terbagi dalam lima kelas belajar yang disesuaikan dengan klasifikasi kompetensi bahasa yang dimiliki mahasiswa. Semua Dosen bahasa Arab telah melakukan formulasi strategi pembelajaran yang berbeda-beda, dengan menyesuaikan karakteristik dan kompetensi mahasiswa mereka dimasing-masing kelas. Di akhir semester untuk mengukur hasil pembelajaran Bahasa Arab yang telah dilaksanakan, maka dilaksanakan ujian akhir semester yang menggunakan istilah UAS. Dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Arab yang menggunakan kitab Al - Arabiyyah li al - Talabah 1 untuk semester gasal dan jilid 2 untuk semester genap, baik para Dosen maupun mahasiswa pasti mendapati faktor yang mendukung dan yang menghambat dalam proses belajar mengajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi kitab Al - Arabiyyah li al - Talabah jilid 1 untuk semester gasal dan jilid 2 untuk semester genap ini disimpulkan dalam tiga kategori, yaitu  Faktor Dosen, Faktor Mahasiswa dan Faktor Sarana dan Prasarana.

The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance to the educators/council of ustadz and ustadzah at TPQ Salafiyah Ar-Risalah regarding the making and use of smart card media to improve writing abilities and skills both in terms of khat, vocabulary, sentence structure and grammatical Arabic. This research uses qualitative methods because the object of research is focused on the process of learning Arabic in the form of the use of smart card media in writing skills both in terms of khat, vocabulary, sentence structure and grammar. With the smart card learning media, it will certainly make the students enthusiastic when learning takes place, especially after the learning activities of the students are active, enthusiastic and able to answer questions about maharoh kitabah. Assistance activities to the community in the form of PAR (Participatory Action Research) service to educators at TPQ Salafiyah Ar-Risalah Curah Putih Tegalwangi, through this smart card learning media made of cardboard and origami paper, have many benefits in learning Maharoh Kitabah and can invite students to be more enthusiastic and play an active role during the activity

The focus of research which became the main study in this study was about the acceleration program to read the yellow book in Islamic Boarding Schools. The learning acceleration program is a program to improve the quality of learning for students, especially students who live in Islamic boarding schools. In this study, researchers want to explain two topics regarding the acceleration of reading the yellow book in Islamic boarding schools and the quality of students with the acceleration program and focused on students at the Tasanawiyah Madrasah level. The existence of an acceleration program aims to increase the causality and validity of student learning in working on the yellow book which is the main material of teaching. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques are interviews, conservation and documentation. Data analysis techniques that researchers use is data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The result of this research was that Santri, who was initially somewhat difficult to learn and understand the book of Turats, became easier to understand. Thus, in accordance with the target set by the pesantren within two years, students can graduate and move to a more challenging level, namely the Takhassus program.    

Interfaith marriage is a complex issue and often becomes a subject of debate in Indonesian society. In both legal and religious contexts, this type of marriage faces various challenges, particularly from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and the Indonesian Marriage Law. This journal aims to analyze the problems surrounding interfaith marriage in Indonesia by examining Islamic legal views, regulatory frameworks, and the resulting social implications. From the fiqh perspective, the majority of scholars agree that a Muslim woman is not permitted to marry a non-Muslim man, whereas the marriage of a Muslim man to a woman from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab) remains a topic of debate, depending on social context and public interest (maslahah). This reflects how Islamic law prioritizes the stability of faith (aqidah), household leadership, and the continuation of religious values in the upbringing of children. From the standpoint of national law, Indonesia’s Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 places the validity of a marriage under the religious laws of the respective parties, making it difficult for interfaith marriages to be officially registered. As a result, such couples often face administrative barriers, issues in inheritance law, child custody rights, and social discrimination. This study concludes that a fair and constructive approach is necessary in addressing this issue, while preserving religious principles and maintaining social harmony in Indonesian society.  

Sebagai seorang Pujangga Gereja dan mistikus yang agung, Santo Yohanes dari Salib dikenal melalui tulisan-tulisannya yang dapat menjadi tuntunan pada pengalaman persatuan dengan Allah. Dapat dicermati bahwa Kitab Suci menjadi dasar dan sumber utama di dalam hidup dan karya-karyanya. Oleh karena itu, timbul pertanyaan, bagaimana hubungan antara ungkapan dari pengalaman rohani yang ia alami dengan ungkapan-ungkapan Kitab Suci yang ia gunakan? Tulisan ini menyampaikan tinjauan tentang pemahaman dari Santo Yohanes dari Salib dan penggunaan Kitab Suci dalam karya-karyanya. Adapun bahasa Kitab Suci, yang dikenali oleh orang yang memiliki hidup batin, tidak memiliki kesan subjektif, sehingga mampu memberikan pandangan dan saran. Dengan demikian, dalam karya-karyanya penggunaan Kitab Suci menjadi sarana yang tidak tergantikan dari pengalaman rohani mendalam yang hendak ia sampaikan.

This study aims to: 1) find out the concept of teacher ethical values ​​in the book Adabud dunya wa addin by Imam Al Mawardi, 2) find out the specificity of teacher ethics in the book Adabud dunya wa addin by Imam Al Mawardi, 3) find out the actualization of teacher ethical values in the adabud dunya wa addin book if it is applied in the present. The background of this research is based on several issues regarding teacher ethical values, in which educators must have good ethical values ​​but there are still many educators/teachers who do not understand that, so it is necessary to carry out a process of implementing these values. good teacher ethics in various ways or methods that have been taught by previous figures or scholars. This study uses a qualitative research approach where the type of research is library research. In collecting data using documentation methods and online data tracking. Then, data sources were obtained from primary data sources and secondary data (adabud dunya wa addin books, references related to teacher ethical values, previous research, articles and internet sites). The analysis technique used is content analysis technique. Where content analysis is observing the content of information in writing. The results of the study show that: 1) The concept of teacher ethical values ​​in the adabud dunya wa addin book is to make an educator/teacher aware of how important it is to have good ethical values ​​in order to be a role model/good example for their students so they can creating a generation of educators with good morals; 2) The specificity of teacher ethics in the book Adabud Dunya Wa Addin is the special ethical values ​​contained in the book Adabud Dunya Wa Addin taught by Imam Al Mawardi as a teacher must have ethics, as follows: tawadhu', practicing his knowledge, being generous for his knowledge, guiding students, ridding themselves of doubtful jobs, aiming to hope for the blessing of Allah, respecting their students, and giving advice and being gentle with their students. That is also the objective of an educator's benchmark, namely to make educators become human beings who have good morals; 3) the actualization of teacher ethical values ​​in the adabud dunya wa addin book when applied today is also an illustration that in fact there is still a teacher who applies these teacher ethical values ​​properly in an institution, forum, or between individuals. This is a race that anyone can and can apply these ethics properly.

One of the reasons for the cancellation of the agreement is the occurrence of a mixture of debts. Debt mixing is a mix of positions (quality) of the parties entering into an agreement so that the quality as a creditor becomes one with the quality of the debtor so that the agreement between the two parties is null and void. Mixing of debts is regulated in Article 1436 of the Civil Code to Article 1437 of the Civil Code. Debt mixing can occur because the positions of creditors and debtors become one. For example, a creditor marries a debtor, which results in a mix of debts and the agreement that previously existed is erased. Problems can arise when it relates to debts owned by creditors and debtors who eventually marry. If the creditor does not want the debt owned by the debtor to be erased even though they are both married. Even though there are clear rules emphasized that debts can be written off by law, one of which is if there is a mix-up of debts.

This study aims to investigate the intertextual understanding of Ecclesiastes in English by theology students and the opinions of the general public. The main focus of this research is to understand how students can read and understand the Bible, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, in English. In addition, this study also seeks to explain how students and the community can form active communication and discussions regarding intertextual understanding. In addition, this research aims to explore how Christians in Jakarta, especially in suburban areas such as Bekasi, Depok, Tangerang, and Bogor, view the presence of Christian theology students in contributing to society. The research method used in this study involved opinion surveys and interviews with theology students and the general public. Theology students will be asked to read and understand the book of Ecclesiastes in English translation, while their opinions and responses will be collected through surveys and interviews. Opinions from the general public will be collected through a survey which will be disseminated in various areas of Jakarta, especially in the suburbs. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively to identify the main patterns and findings in intertextual understanding and perceptions of the contribution of Christian theology students in society. This research is expected to provide practical benefits in increasing understanding of the Bible in English, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, as well as strengthening active communication and discussion in intertextual understanding. In addition, the results of this study can strengthen the relationship between Christian theology students and the community, especially in the Jakarta area, by demonstrating their contribution to service and positive contributions to society.

This study aims to describe the implementation of female students' prayers from the perspective of the Book of Safīnatun Najāh held at the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School. The focus of this thesis is (1) knowing the implementation of Santri Putri Prayers from the perspective of the Book of Safīnatun Najāh at the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School; (2) knowing the efforts of the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School in improving the implementation of Santri Putri Prayers; and (3) knowing things that support and hinder the implementation of Santri Putri Prayers according to the Book of Safīnatun Najāh at the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School. The research objects were: (1) a board of trustees for the Safīnatun Najāh Book program; (2) teachers or ustadzah for the Safīnatun Najāh Book program; (3) a board of trustees of the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School for the Safīnatun Najāh Book program; and (4) Santri Pondok Pesantren Tanbihul Ghofilin Book of the Safīnatun Najāh program. The approach used is descriptive-qualitative. The techniques used to collect data in this research are observation, interviews, and documentary studies. The discussion shows that the Tanbihul Ghofilin Islamic Boarding School teaches prayers with the Book of Safīnatun Najāh through guidance, simulation, practice, and applying habituation. The supporting factors are cooperation between the Head of Madrasah Diniyah and Ustadzah, the support of female students' parents, and the facilities available. While the inhibiting factors are worldliness and limited infrastructure, there are still deficiencies in the implementation of prayers from the perspective of the Book of Safīnatun Najāh

Buying and selling is a legal relationship that has rights and obligations between the parties, including house buying and selling transactions through a House Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) and Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) carried out in front of a notary. The study has a goal, namely to find out and analyze the validity of buying and selling transactions of houses in the perspective of the Civil Code. Juridical-normatic is used as a research method whose approach is in the form of laws and literature studies. The result of this study is a house sale and purchase agreement, namely a special agreement whose rules are contained in Article 1457 of the Civil Code. The validity of this sale and purchase refers to Article 1320 of the Civil Code concerning the legal terms of the agreement. Buying and selling houses is carried out through various stages, namely the preparation of PPJB, payment of seller and buyer taxes and the process of transferring the name in AJB before a notary. Legitimacy can occur if the making of this agreement is not because there is a forced withdrawal from any party,, does not violate the provisions of laws and regalutions, decency and the public interest.

Moses' leadership in the Book of Numbers shows high moral and ethical principles, courage, justice, and the ability to lead and manage people with a long-term vision. Implications for Christian Education Teachers in the modern educational environment include having a clear and measurable vision, strengthening morals and ethics, applying inclusive leadership, and developing adaptation skills to cope with changes and challenges. By applying Moses's leadership principles and the concrete solutions suggested, Christian Education can become an effective leader in facing challenges in the modern education environment.