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This study analyzes the longitudinal trends in the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Syrian refugees over a 14-year period (2011–2025) through a systematic meta-analysis of 47 studies, encompassing a total sample of 28,453 refugees. Using a random-effects model, the analysis confirms fluctuating PTSD prevalence, peaking at 83.4% in 2013 (95% CI: 78.2–88.6%) before gradually declining to 42.7% in 2025 (95% CI: 37.3–48.1%). Furthermore, multilevel regression analysis identifies significant predictors, including displacement duration (β = -0.34, p < .001), access to mental health services (β = -0.28, p < .001), and social integration (β = -0.31, p < .001). These findings extend the work of Hassan et al. (2019) on the short-term impact of war trauma and support the resilience model proposed by Mahmoud et al. (2021), highlighting a more complex recovery trajectory. Unlike the previous meta-analysis by Silove et al. (2017), which focused on the first five years of displacement, this study reveals that 37.8% of refugees continue to exhibit chronic PTSD symptoms after 14 years. Notably, key risk factors such as family loss (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.31–3.37) and legal status uncertainty (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78–2.54) emerge as novel contributions. These findings provide new insights into the long-term trajectory of PTSD among refugee populations and its implications for sustainable mental health interventions.

According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Profile, health services for pregnant women (K1-K6) in 2023 in Indonesia will be 74.4% with the 2023 Minimum Service Standard (SPM) target of 100%, still far from the standard. Factors influencing ANC visits for pregnant women are age and parity. The aim of this research is to find out the mother's age and parity with the completeness of the ANC examination. This type of research is quantitative using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 60 pregnant women in the third trimester in Kualu Village. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women in the third trimester with a gestational age of 37-39 weeks using total sampling. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. This research uses univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The univariate research results show that 34 respondents (56.7%) are in the no-risk category and maternal parity is not at risk < 3 times. Bivariate results. There is a significant relationship between maternal age and completeness of ANC examinations and there is a relationship between maternal parity and completeness of ANC examinations. It is hoped that midwives and cadres will provide education and programs to attract pregnant women to come for ANC examinations. 

Compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation is an important factor contributing to the prevention and treatment of anemia in pregnant women to meet the nutritional needs of the fetus during pregnancy. The use of mobile health interventions (mHealth) such as SMS reminders, voice messages, videos and telephones can provide behavioral support and health education needs of pregnant women. determine the effectiveness of mHealth use on compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women. Systematic review and meta-analysis wre conducted using PRISMA guidelines and PICO models which included Population = pregnant women; Intervention = mHealth, Comparison = does not use mHealth; Outcome = compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation. Articles were collected through databases such as BMJ, Google Scholar, PubMed, Open Journal System. 6 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis and were assessed using RevMan 5.3. Meta-analysis from Kenya, India, Brazil and Indonesia showed that pregnant women who used mHealth services were 1.87 times more likely to adhere to iron and folic acid supplements compared to those who did not use mHealth and the effect was statistically significant (OR= 1.87; 95% CI= 1.10 to 3.16; p <0.001). The use of mHealth can improve compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron and folic acid supplements.

Mothers who give birth tend to experience increased anxiety which can result in psychological disorders including anxiety, depression (Denis,2021). Postpartum psychological health disorders increase the risk of postpartum blues. The underlying factors are limited access to health services, lack of social support from various parties, and concerns about the health of herself and her baby that will be ignored by the mother. Social support helps postpartum mothers deal with stressors (Adli, 2022). This research method uses Quasi experimental with two groups pretest posttest research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample size consists of 30 participants divided into 2 groups with 15 respondents each. The intervention group received dhikr sholawat treatment while the control group only received slow deep breathing (SDB) treatment. The intervention lasted for 14 days. The measurement of depression levels carried out was a measurement using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) instrument form. The results of the study P value 0.023 (> 0.05) so it is concluded that there is a difference between the effectiveness of providing Dzishol intervention and SDB intervention. Based on the comparison of the median value after the intervention in the group, it is known that the median value in the Dzishol group (score 11) is smaller than the SDB group (score 9) so it can be concluded that providing Dzishol intervention on anxiety levels is more effective than SDB intervention.

Informed consent is an essential element in health services, including in the field of anesthesiology and intensive care, which have high risks and involve critical medical decisions. This study aims to analyze the procedures and implementation of informed consent for patients in the anesthesia and intensive care unit, highlighting the legal and ethical aspects of decision-making. A qualitative approach was used to evaluate patients' and families' understanding of the medical information provided, their rights in agreeing to or refusing medical treatment, and the role of doctors in ensuring that consent is given voluntarily and informatively. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with health practitioners and a review of related legal and medical ethics literature. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of informed consent in the intensive care unit and anesthesiology unit often faces challenges due to the critical condition of the patient, time constraints, and the complexity of communication. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening communication policies and training for medical personnel to ensure that patient rights are met and medical actions can be carried out in accordance with applicable ethical and legal principles.

Quality information services in hospitals is an important element in increasing patient satisfaction and the image of the institution. The Public Relations Officer (PRO) plays a strategic role in managing communication between the hospital and the public. This research aims to explore the strategies implemented by PROs in improving the quality of information services at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. The public relations officer (PRO) strategy used is determining problems, compiling and planning work programs, taking action and communicating as well as evaluating work programs in hospitals and reviewed through strategic planning in the field of Public Relations by Cutlip-Center-Broom. The research method used was descriptive with a qualitative approach between PROs and several hospital employees, patients and patient families. The results of the investigation revealed that the strategies used by PRO RSUDZA and health services ranged from identifying problems, planning, to compiling work programs, such as online registration, electronic pharmacies (e-pharmacies), and community complaint centers. In addition, PRO RSUDZA deployed staff from the Hospital Health Counseling Service (PKRS) to carry out outreach and communication to inform the public about RSUDZA services and the availability of the RSUDZA tabloid newspaper "Lam Haba". PRO RSUDZA evaluates the work program carried out at the hospital. Obstacles faced by PRO RSUDZA include miscommunication and residents' complaints about long queues at registration and drug distribution counters. PRO RSUDZA's efforts aim to carry out all planned work programs to improve the quality of information services at RSUDZA Banda Aceh.

Poverty and economic inequality pose substantial issues for numerous emerging nations, with an estimated 712 million individuals globally residing in extreme poverty as of 2022. This article analyzes the impact of public policy on these concerns, with case studies from Indonesia, Brazil, and India. This research employs literature review methodologies to analyze several implemented policies, including conditional cash assistance, enhanced access to education, health services, infrastructure development, and economic empowerment initiatives. Conditional cash transfer programs, exemplified by Indonesia's Family Hope Program and Brazil's Bolsa Familia, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing access to fundamental services for impoverished populations. Conversely, implementation obstacles, including limited institutional capacity and inadequate oversight, frequently obstruct policy achievement in underdeveloped nations. This study concludes that effective public policy necessitates a multifaceted strategy involving resource redistribution, the creation of economic possibilities, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. This research aims to offer insights for other developing nations by examining the policies enacted in these three countries, so facilitating the creation of more inclusive and sustainable public policy interventions. These findings underscore the significance of the government's involvement in empowering impoverished communities through systematic and sustainable measures to foster equitable development and mitigate inequality.

The purpose of this study was to analyze legal protection for users of health services managed by dentists. Data for this letter were collected through literature review and interviews, followed by descriptive analysis as legal material. The description of the data received in the letter was written and arranged systematically in the form of a sentence description whose meaning is understood as a statement or conclusion. The investigation revealed that the dentist was involved in activities that did not comply with the laws and regulations applicable to dental practice. This caused the victim to suffer losses. The state, which is responsible for supervision and regulation, did not provide guidance or supervision over the work of dental technicians. The dentist committed a violation in providing dental services outside his authority and had a valid dental practice permit from the government as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 39 of 2014 (Regulation on the Development, Supervision, and Licensing of Dental Practice); The author recommends that the central government work together with local governments to conduct regular and continuous supervision of dental clinic locations and provide training to dentists so that they do not become victims of dental clinics.

Adolescence is marked by growth and development in various aspects, including physical, psychological, and intellectual. They tend to have a great sense of curiosity, like challenges, and dare to take risks. However, this also makes them vulnerable to various risks, both in the short and long term. Therefore, health services are needed that care about the needs of adolescents, especially in terms of reproductive health. This study aims to determine whether there is an Influence of Health Education About "the influence of health education about early marriage on the level of Knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023. The type of quasi-experimental research with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, the research sample amounted to 30 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test, the results of the p value of knowledge = 0.000 <0.05 and the p value of attitude = 0.000 <0.05. So it is proven that there is a significant influence between health education about early marriage on the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at the Tinggi Raja Health Center. Tinggi Raja Village, Tinggi Raja District in 2023.

Approximately 287,000 cases of maternal death occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. One of the targets in the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce MMR to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. WHO data shows that 72.5% of maternal deaths are caused by direct factors, while the remaining 27.5% are caused by indirect factors. This study aims to determine the factors associated with maternal death in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. The research design uses quantitative with a Cross Sectional approach. The study population is all data on maternal death cases from pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum periods from January 2019 - December 2023 obtained from the Sintang Regency Health Office. The sampling technique uses total sampling . The results of the study obtained variables of bleeding (p value 0.017), infection (p value 0.847), eclampsia (p value 0.026), age (p value 0.018) and parity (p value 0.900). There is a relationship between bleeding, eclampsia and age with maternal mortality in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. There is no relationship between infection and parity with maternal mortality in Sintang Regency in 2019-2023. It is hoped that the relevant health services will improve health service efforts to reduce MMR.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) organized by BPJS Health aims to improve access and quality of health services for all levels of Indonesian society. This research examines the effectiveness of the JKN program, with a focus on the use of the JKN mobile application, program implementation in health facilities, and factors that influence service quality. Based on case studies in several regions, the research results show that the JKN mobile application makes it easy for participants to access health-related services and information, although there are still obstacles such as a lack of public understanding of the application and technical problems. Apart from that, health services in hospitals and community health centers still face challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, delays in services, and timeliness in administrative processes. Although the JKN program has expanded access to services, challenges in equal distribution of service quality and health resources still need to be overcome. Overall, the JKN program plays an important role in improving people's health and welfare, but improvements are needed in terms of community understanding, infrastructure and service efficiency to achieve more optimal and equitable health goals throughout Indonesia.

Labeling theory provides a critical perspective on the criminal justice system that tends to reinforce criminal identities through formal labeling. Unfortunately, criminal policies that are ideally designed to manage crime and maintain social stability often result in negative impacts such as stigmatization. This study explores the integration of labeling theory and decriminalization as a more inclusive and social justice-based criminal policy approach. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that decriminalization prevents formal labeling that is the root of the cycle of social stigma. In addition, decriminalization provides opportunities for individuals to remain integrated into society, increases their access to health services and rehabilitation programs, and creates more inclusive social conditions. However, the success of decriminalization depends heavily on the government's ability to overcome various inherent challenges, including cultural resistance, concerns about policy abuse, and limited supporting infrastructure.

Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in Indonesia provides a strong legal basis for regulating the use of narcotics in the medical field. This regulation aims to ensure that the use of narcotics is carried out safely, in a controlled manner and in accordance with the interests of health services. This research aims to analyze legal aspects related to the use of illegal drugs in the medical field, identify challenges in implementing regulations, and provide policy recommendations to overcome existing obstacles. The research method used is normative juridical, with a legal approach and literature studies from various legal and health journals. The research results show that although regulations have been prepared comprehensively, their implementation in the field faces obstacles, such as complicated bureaucracy, lack of education for medical personnel, and social stigma against narcotics use. This hampers patient access to treatment, especially for palliative therapy needs and chronic pain management. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need for strategic steps to increase understanding of medical personnel, simplify administrative procedures, and educate the public to reduce stigma. Thus, existing regulations can be implemented optimally to support public health goals without ignoring aspects of supervision. It is hoped that this recommendation can strengthen the legal system and health services in Indonesia, so that patients' rights to health can be fulfilled more effectively.

Health is a basic right guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution, as stipulated in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution and Article 34 paragraph (3), which states that the state is responsible for the provision of adequate health care facilities for all citizens. Nonetheless, challenges in the provision of health services in remote areas are still significant, especially related to the limitations of facilities, medical personnel, and service quality. The development of technology, particularly telemedicine, has opened up new opportunities in the delivery of health services, which can overcome geographical limitations and improve community access to medical services. The type of research in this study is normative juridical. The research results in this discussion are the protection of doctors and the regulation of telemedicine policies in Indonesia, by reviewing Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health regarding the implementation of telemedicine between health service facilities. Although telemedicine can expand access to health, the risks associated with remote diagnosis and treatment require special attention in terms of legal protection of health workers. Therefore, adaptive legal tools are needed to accommodate the growing development of health technology and provide legal protection for the parties involved in the implementation of online-based health services.

the role of Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) in Hamlet III Sei Glugur Village in supporting community health programs, especially for mothers and children. Posyandu provides various activities such as immunizations, health education, and monitoring children's growth and development, which facilitates community access to basic health services. Even though there is enthusiasm and positive benefits felt by the community, especially young mothers, the main challenge faced is the lack of public awareness. This research recommends improving facilities, cadre training, and support from the government and community to increase Posyandu participation and effectiveness.

This research analyzes the public relations communication strategy implemented by Pratama Bina Medika Clinic in building brand awareness as a new health facility. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach with data collection techniques using interviews and literature studies to determine the effectiveness of direct marketing strategies (direct selling), word of mouth communication (WOM), and digital marketing in introducing health services (clinics) to the public. The research results show that the direct selling strategy through visits to posyandu is effective in building personal relationships with the community, increasing trust, and expanding brand awareness. WOM communication, both directly and via social media, supports the dissemination of wider and more reliable information. The use of digital marketing through social media platforms such as TikTok and Instagram expands the reach of information and facilitates interaction with the public. This holistic approach has succeeded in creating a positive image of the clinic as a provider of quality and affordable health services, while increasing public trust in the services offered.

Health is a human right and one of the elements of human welfare that must be realized by the state, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 34 paragraph (3) emphasizes that the state is responsible for providing equitable and affordable health service facilities for the entire community. This study aims to determine and analyze the legal formulation of patient protection in medical practice, using the normative legal research method, namely through literature/legislation searches (statute approach) with types of data sources, secondary data supported by primary data. The descriptive research type is then analyzed and presented qualitatively. The high level of public awareness of the importance of health has made people increasingly aware and understand their rights as patients in order to obtain good health services from health workers and hospitals. The legal relationship between doctors and patients as regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health is a business agreement relationship (inspaning verbentenis), which gives rise to rights and obligations. The community/patients receiving medical practice services have the right to legal protection so that every mistake in carrying out the medical profession is a form of mistake/violation of the law that is worthy of being prosecuted/filed in court as a form of protection for patients, victims of medical malpractice.

The development of science and technology is increasingly rapid along with globalization and changes that are always happening in the world today. The development of science and technology also has a significant impact on the world of education, especially in the health sector, one of which is the community, which of course will get access to health services. In conveying health information messages to the community, of course, it will be more interesting and have a wide reach if you use digital media to design and create an attractive appearance to look at. This is because the development of digital technology has caused many people to utilize modern technology because of the importance of information in the digital era. This study aims to Increase Student Knowledge in Making Digital-Based Health Promotion Media in the Nursing Study Program at Timor University. This type of research is pre-experimental research with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design (One Group Pretest-Posttest). The sample in this study were 29 patients. Respondents will be given training in using the Canva application in making health promotion media, then their knowledge before and after regarding the Canva application and its use in making health promotion media will be measured. The results of the study showed that the average respondent had a pre-test score of 62.24 and the average respondent after being given training was 83.28. The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the data was normally distributed with a p value> 0.05. Furthermore, in the Difference Test using the Paired Sample T-Test, a p value of 0.000 <0.05 was obtained. This shows that there is a difference in the knowledge of respondents before and after being given training related to the Canva application and its use in creating health promotion media. The conclusion is that providing training to increase respondent knowledge is very important to do so that the world of education is able to produce a generation that is always able to adapt to the development of science and technology that occurs.

Assessment of the implementation of healthservices for pregnant women can be done by looking at the coverage of K1, K4 and K6 (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020). According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health on Indonesia’s health profile, in 2021 K4 coverage reached 88.8%, showing an increase compared to the previous year. This increase was caused by new adaptations made due to facing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in 2021. Where in the previous year, there were significant restrictions on routine services, including maternal health services. The aim aof this research is to analyze factors related to antenatal care visits in the Gandapura Community Health Center working area. The type of research used is analytical observational research with the research design used being cross sectional. The research was carried out in November-December 2024. The sample is part of the number and characteristics of the population. The number of samples taken was 30 samples. Each data was tested statistically to see whether there was a relationship between the two variables. For the attitude factor with antenatal care visits, the value was p=0.004, for support from health workers with antenatal care visits, the value was p=0.014, while the husband’s support with antenatal care visits was obtained with a value of p=0.042, so it can be concluede that there is a relationship between attitude, staff support and husband’s support with antenatal care visits for pregnant womwn at the Gandapura health center.

This study aims to determine the impact of possessing the components of strategic cognitive competencein enhancing the quality of health services in the private health sector operating in the holy KarbalaGovernorate through a sample that was studied, which included three important private hospitals, namely(Al-Kafeel Hospital, Al-Hujjah Hospital, and Zain Al-Abidin Hospital). To achieve this goal, threedimensions were adopted for the main independent variable, strategic cognitive competence, which are(information technology, decision-making, creative thinking). Five dimensions were also adopted for thedependent variable, the quality of health services, which are (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness,assurance, empathy), based on ready-made scales. A sample of leaders, administrators, and doctorsworking in these hospitals, amounting to (120) respondents, was selected for the purpose of answering thequestions related to the independent variable, strategic cognitive competence. As for the questions relatedto the dependent variable, the quality of health services, they were answered by a sample of clients ofthese hospitals, amounting to (120) respondents, in order to ensure the credibility of the answers. Anumber of statistical programs were used, such as (SPSS V.25, AMOS V.23). One of the most importantconclusions reached by the study is that the material aspects of health services, such as medical devicesand equipment, are considered good, but they need continuous improvement to keep pace with everythingnew in this field. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of whichwas the need to work on developing an integrated system to measure and analyze the level of patientsatisfaction with the nature of the health services provided.