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This community service activity was conducted in Sawahan Hamlet, Mojotengah Village, Kedu District, Temanggung Regency, with the primary objective of enhancing the health and productivity of sheep through the introduction and production of mineral block molasses as supplementary feed. Mineral block molasses is a nutrient-rich feed supplement designed to meet the mineral requirements of ruminants, particularly sheep, which are often not fully met by conventional forage. The program was implemented using a participatory method, beginning with a lecture session that provided theoretical knowledge regarding the benefits, composition, and formulation of mineral block molasses. This was followed by an interactive discussion session in which participants, mainly local sheep farmers, were encouraged to share challenges and constraints they face in livestock feeding management. The facilitators then provided practical problem-solving approaches tailored to the local context. The final stage involved a hands-on demonstration of the step-by-step process of producing mineral block molasses, enabling participants to observe and practice directly. The results of this activity showed that participants not only gained new knowledge about the nutritional importance of mineral supplementation but also developed the practical skills necessary to independently produce mineral block molasses for their livestock. This is expected to improve feed efficiency, promote better animal health, and increase livestock productivity. Furthermore, the activity fostered community awareness of sustainable livestock management practices and the economic benefits of producing feed supplements locally. In conclusion, this program successfully empowered the local farming community with both theoretical and practical competencies in mineral block molasses production, contributing to improved livestock performance and farmer welfare. The continuation of such initiatives is recommended to ensure long-term adoption and optimization of livestock feeding practices in the region.

This community service activity was conducted in Sawahan Hamlet, Mojotengah Village, Kedu District, Temanggung Regency, with the primary objective of enhancing the health and productivity of sheep through the introduction and production of mineral block molasses as supplementary feed. Mineral block molasses is a nutrient-rich feed supplement designed to meet the mineral requirements of ruminants, particularly sheep, which are often not fully met by conventional forage. The program was implemented using a participatory method, beginning with a lecture session that provided theoretical knowledge regarding the benefits, composition, and formulation of mineral block molasses. This was followed by an interactive discussion session in which participants, mainly local sheep farmers, were encouraged to share challenges and constraints they face in livestock feeding management. The facilitators then provided practical problem-solving approaches tailored to the local context. The final stage involved a hands-on demonstration of the step-by-step process of producing mineral block molasses, enabling participants to observe and practice directly. The results of this activity showed that participants not only gained new knowledge about the nutritional importance of mineral supplementation but also developed the practical skills necessary to independently produce mineral block molasses for their livestock. This is expected to improve feed efficiency, promote better animal health, and increase livestock productivity. Furthermore, the activity fostered community awareness of sustainable livestock management practices and the economic benefits of producing feed supplements locally. In conclusion, this program successfully empowered the local farming community with both theoretical and practical competencies in mineral block molasses production, contributing to improved livestock performance and farmer welfare. The continuation of such initiatives is recommended to ensure long-term adoption and optimization of livestock feeding practices in the region.

This study aims to examine the use of cattle waste as organic fertilizer to minimize agricultural operational costs in Mrawan Village, Tapen District, Bondowoso Regency. Cattle waste, particularly manure, is an abundant local resource that has not been optimally utilized by the local community. The majority of farmers in the village still rely on chemical fertilizers, which are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on long-term soil health. Therefore, this program is designed to provide a sustainable alternative solution through an educational approach and community empowerment. The methods used in this activity include outreach, technical training, and direct assistance in the process of making organic fertilizer from cow manure. Education focuses on simple fermentation techniques, the composition of natural additives, and appropriate fertilizer application methods. Farmers are actively involved in every stage of the activity, so they become not only beneficiaries but also agents of change in environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The results of the activity indicate that the use of organic fertilizer from cattle waste can reduce the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers by up to 40% in a single planting season. In addition, organic fertilizer has been shown to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support healthier plant growth. Environmental impacts are also reduced, as livestock waste management is more controlled and does not pollute water or air sources. Therefore, utilizing cattle waste as organic fertilizer not only reduces environmental pollution but also provides an economic and ecological solution that benefits local farmers. This program is expected to become a model for empowerment that can be replicated in other areas with similar characteristics.

Bananas are a tropical fruit that is popular because of its sweet taste and high nutrient content. However, bananas have a major drawback, which is a short shelf life. After reaching perfect ripeness, the banana will undergo a change in mushy texture, the skin will appear black spots, and there will be a growth of yeast that causes the appearance of the banana to be damaged and unfit for consumption. However, ripe bananas that look visually bad still contain high glucose, which can be used in fermentation or advanced processing. One of the solutions to avoid losses due to ripe banana spoilage is to process it into banana sale. Banana sale is a processed product produced from ripe bananas that go through a drying process to reduce the moisture content to a safe level, so that it can extend its shelf life. This drying process can be done by two methods, namely drying in the sun and smoking. The purpose of both methods is to reduce the water content of bananas, so that they are not easily damaged by microorganisms. Using this technique, bananas that are prone to spoilage can be transformed into more durable products, have a distinctive taste, and have a high selling value. The quality of banana sales is influenced by various factors, such as its color, taste, aroma, texture, and shelf life. By processing bananas for sale, their economic value can increase significantly. Farmers can not only reduce losses due to bananas that do not sell well in the fresh market, but also earn additional income from value-added processed products. Banana sale products have great potential to be developed as one of the processed food products that have economic value and are beneficial to the community (Masuku, M. A., 2023; Lestari, S., et al., 2024).

This study examines the crime of fertilizer counterfeiting in the Kalianda area, South Lampung, which is a form of economic crime with a significant impact on the agricultural sector. Fertilizer counterfeiting not only harms farmers financially, but also disrupts the distribution of subsidized fertilizers and lowers trust in the legal system. This crime is driven by various factors, including economic incentives, weak supervision, and inadequate regulations. In addition, the existence of illegal distribution networks and the lack of effectiveness of law enforcement also exacerbate the problem. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal aspects that govern the crime of fertilizer counterfeiting, as well as an empirical approach through interviews with law enforcement officials in the South Lampung Regional Police area. The results of the study show that the rampant counterfeiting of fertilizers is caused by economic pressure, weak law enforcement, and low public legal awareness. This practice is often carried out in a covert manner and is difficult to prove technically in the field. In addition, the alleged involvement of certain individuals in the illegal distribution network adds to the complexity of handling cases. This study recommends reforming the fertilizer distribution system that is more transparent, increasing supervision by law enforcement officials and related agencies, and strengthening regulations with the application of stricter sanctions. Efforts to increase public legal awareness are also an important aspect in preventing similar crimes in the future. In addition, the need for synergy between law enforcement officials, local governments, and the community is the main key in tackling this economic crime. The development of fertilizer distribution tracking technology, as well as education to farmers about the characteristics of real and fake fertilizers, is expected to be able to strengthen the protection system at the grassroots level.

The agricultural sector has a vital role in meeting national food needs, improving community welfare, and strengthening regional food security. However, the sector still faces various challenges, including land limitations, climate change, price fluctuations, and low production cost efficiency. Therefore, innovation is needed through the application of digital technology that is able to increase the productivity and sustainability of farming businesses. One of the solutions offered is the use of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT) that allows agricultural systems to run more intelligently, efficiently, and scalably. This community service activity was carried out with the Satria Tani Hanggawana Farmers Group located in Kalisapu Village, Slawi District, Tegal Regency, with the main focus on premium melon cultivation. The method of the activity included material presentations on the concept of smart farming, the introduction of IoT-based sensor devices for monitoring temperature, humidity, and plant nutrition, field practices in greenhouses, simulations of the use of AI-based applications for crop prediction, and interactive discussions. In addition, material was also provided on simple agribusiness management, financial recording, and crop marketing strategies so that farmers are able to manage their businesses more professionally. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge related to the application of AIoT in modern agriculture. Farmers not only understand the benefits of technology, but are also able to practice using tools and applications directly. The enthusiasm of the participants was reflected in their active involvement in discussions, willingness to try new technologies, and awareness of the importance of innovation to face agricultural challenges in the digital era.

The agricultural sector is one of the main pillars in the national economy because it makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), absorbs labor, and is the main livelihood for most Indonesians, especially in rural areas. Among various agricultural subsectors, vegetables have an important role as a commodity that not only meets the needs of household consumption, but also becomes a major source of income for farmers. However, vegetable farmers are often faced with serious problems that directly impact their well-being. One of the main problems is price instability. During the harvest, the abundance of production causes the price of vegetables to fall drastically so that it is not able to cover the capital costs that have been incurred. This is experienced by vegetable farmers in Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, where the selling price of vegetables at harvest time is very cheap, often even below production costs, so that farmers suffer big losses. Reflecting on these problems, this community service activity is present with the theme "we buy, we distribute." This concept is carried out by buying vegetables directly from local farmers at a more decent price than the market price during the harvest. The vegetables that have been purchased are then not resold for profit, but are distributed for free to people who really need them, especially residents in Kepanjen Hamlet, Trimulyo, Sleman. Thus, this activity provides dual benefits, namely helping farmers to continue to earn a decent income and supporting community food security through the distribution of vegetables for free. This program is also a form of social solidarity between farmers and the community, as well as a simple but real solution in dealing with the problem of fluctuations in the price of agricultural products.

Maintaining stable cage temperature is a crucial factor in the success of broiler chicken farming, especially in close house systems that rely on optimal microclimate control. Temperature instability can lead to thermal stress, reduced growth rates, and increased mortality in broilers, particularly during the early stages of life (0 to 30 days old). This study aims to design and implement an automatic temperature control system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor in the broiler chicken cages of PT. Barokah Restu Utama. The system is designed to read temperature and humidity in real-time and automatically activate or deactivate cooling devices such as fans or heating devices like incandescent lamps, depending on the temperature range required for each growth phase. The ideal temperature range used as a reference in this system includes 30–32°C for chickens aged 0–7 days, 29°C for ages 8–14 days, 28°C for ages 15–21 days, and 26–27°C for chickens aged 22–30 days. Testing results show that the system is capable of maintaining stable temperatures according to the specified standards for each growth phase. With this automatic control system in place, broiler chicken maintenance becomes more efficient and effective. The risk of mortality due to heat stress is significantly reduced, and chicken growth becomes more optimal. This technology offers a practical and economical solution, especially for small- to medium-scale broiler chicken farmers who use close house systems. The system is easy to operate and relatively affordable to install, making it an accessible innovation that supports better livestock management through automation and smart farming practices.

Indonesia, as an agricultural country, has a large population working in the agricultural sector. Agricultural activities often involve the use of chemicals that can cause skin disorders, one of which is contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is an occupational disease with a high prevalence, both globally and nationally. As a form of concern for the increasing number of dermatitis cases among farmers, a community service activity was conducted in Mlati Village, Grobogan Regency. This activity aimed to increase farmers' awareness and knowledge regarding contact dermatitis prevention. The intervention included educational sessions, interactive discussions, role-plays, pre- and post-tests, and the distribution of skin health information leaflets. The activity was carried out by the Health Promotion Team from the Faculty of Medicine, Semarang State University. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' understanding of the symptoms of contact dermatitis by 11.86% of the 21 participants who attended. Materials considered important by participants included the importance of maintaining personal hygiene after contact with chemicals, as well as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. The participants' enthusiasm was also evident in their active participation in the discussion sessions and hands-on practice. However, there was still a lack of in-depth understanding of skin health care. This demonstrates the need for regular follow-up education to reinforce the program's positive impact. Overall, these activities demonstrate the critical importance of community-based health promotion in reducing the risk of occupational skin diseases and encouraging healthier and safer behavior changes in farmers.

The community service program in Kemiri Village aims to empower farmers through the use of local potential, especially moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), as raw materials for liquid organic fertilizer (POC). This activity was carried out with a participatory and educational approach that directly involved farmer groups in technical training on making POC through simple fermentation methods using natural ingredients such as moringa leaves, rice washing water, organic waste, and local decomposers. Through this activity, farmers are taught stages ranging from the collection of ingredients, the process of shredding moringa leaves, mixing with complementary ingredients, to the correct fermentation techniques to produce high-quality fertilizer. The training is carried out by field demonstration methods, discussions, and hands-on practice, so that farmers not only gain theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills that can be applied independently. The results show a significant increase in farmers' knowledge, skills, and awareness of the importance of liquid organic fertilizer as an environmentally friendly alternative. In addition, the public's enthusiasm is getting higher after seeing real evidence that the use of POC moringa leaves is able to increase plant growth, crop quality, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers which are increasingly expensive and have the potential to damage the soil. This program not only provides economic benefits through the cost efficiency of agricultural production, but also has a positive impact on environmental conservation. This activity is expected to be a model of community empowerment based on local potential that can be replicated in other regions with similar conditions. The success of the program shows that simple innovations that utilize local resources, if managed well, can support sustainable agriculture and food security for rural communities.

Livestock cultivation aims to meet the needs of animal food and improve the standard of living of farmers. Some of the factors that need to be considered in livestock cultivation include the selection of superior seeds, feed management, disease prevention and treatment, cages that meet standards, and marketing of livestock products. Livestock is one of the five agricultural subsectors where livestock is a cultivation or maintenance activity with the aim of benefiting from these activities. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The variables studied consisted of intensive maintenance costs and broiler profits. The population used in this study is all breeders in Nagan Raya Regency, each farm has different abilities and number of livestock. Therefore, the population used is all farmers with an intensive maintenance system in 5 sub-districts of Nagan Raya Regency, namely 12 chicken farmers. Because of the small number of populations, the sample in this study is the entire population. The data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. In this study, quantitative analysis uses  the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 computer program, because with this program analysis can be carried out quickly, and produce more accurate outputs. And the data analysis model used in this study is a simple linear regression method. The results of this study are that intensive maintenance costs incurred by broiler farmers have a very good influence on increasing profits from farmers' crops. Because with an intensive system the growth of chickens is more uniform and the deaths that occur in broilers can be avoided.

The coffee farming sector in Gunungmanik Village, Indonesia, plays a significant role in the local economy. However, the monitoring and management of coffee crops remain largely manual and conventional, making it difficult for farmers to respond quickly to environmental threats such as drought, pests, or sudden temperature shifts. This research presents the development of iotgm.id, a web-based monitoring system integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices designed to provide real-time environmental data for coffee plantations. The system measures key parameters including temperature, soil moisture, and motion detection (as a proxy for pest activity), and delivers this data via a user-friendly web interface. It also features digital farm record management, real-time alerts for abnormal conditions, and data visualization through interactive dashboards. Field testing with local farmers showed that the system improves decision-making, speeds up responses to environmental changes, and reduces the need for direct field visits. Unlike earlier systems that often required technical expertise or focused on single parameters, this system offers multi-parameter monitoring and is accessible to farmers without advanced digital literacy. The system bridges the gap between sophisticated agricultural technologies and practical field-level application. It contributes to the adoption of precision agriculture in rural areas, offering a scalable model for broader implementation in similar contexts

The food security program involving chili cultivation in Pentur Village is hindered by inefficiencies in water use and suboptimal plant growth, primarily due to traditional irrigation methods that fail to consistently maintain ideal soil moisture and temperature. This issue is exacerbated by unpredictable environmental shifts, such as fluctuating weather patterns, and a lack of precise irrigation control stemming from technological limitations. To address this, a system for monitoring and regulating chili plant irrigation using IoT technology was developed. This system employs humidity and temperature sensors connected to an IoT platform like Blynk, enabling real-time observation of plant and environmental conditions. Data on soil moisture, air temperature, and humidity are stored in a database, and irrigation is automated based on soil moisture levels. The goal is to enhance water efficiency, minimize risks associated with over or under-watering due to environmental variations, and improve both yield and quality of the chili crop. This IoT-based system aims to simplify chili plant management for Pentur Village farmers and significantly boost agricultural output.

According to WHO (2015), TT immunization coverage in Africa reached 50%, with TT2 at 60%. In Indonesia, the Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS) program set a target of 95% Antenatal Care (K1) coverage, including TT2 by 2019. Puskesmas data in 2016 showed K1 coverage of 880 with TT1 at 27 (3.1%), and K4 at 739 with TT2 at 64 (8.6%). This study aims to assess premarital knowledge of TT immunization based on age, education, and occupation. Using a descriptive design and total sampling, 32 respondents were involved. Results showed most were under 20 years old (41%), had junior high school education (25%), and worked as entrepreneurs (19%). The lowest knowledge level was found among respondents with primary education (19%) and farmers (3%). It is recommended that midwives at Puskesmas Bestari intensify education to improve premarital knowledge about TT immunization.

Extension workers have been instrumental in encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies, aiming to improve productivity, income, social status, and climate resilience. This study investigates challenges in technology adoption and its impact on vegetable production, economic and social enhancement, and climate resilience in Svay Rieng province. Data from 302 agricultural cooperative members were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation to examine relationships and linear regression to predict factors influencing farmers' achievements. Results show that internal challenges (labor, capital, technical know-how) significantly influence success, followed by external challenges. Investments in hard technologies (e.g., net houses, drip irrigation) strongly correlated with achievements, while soft technologies (technical knowledge) had a lesser impact. Regression analysis identified internal challenges and adoption of hard technologies as key predictors, explaining 25% of overall performance, including 36%, 29%, and 25% of economic, social, and climate resilience improvements, respectively. For production, only internal challenges and hard technologies were determinants, predicting 30%. Addressing internal challenges and enhancing technology applications are critical to improving vegetable producers' success in the province.

This study aims to analyze the role of the village government in empowering corn farmers in Popayato Village, Pohuwato Regency. The village government, as the institution closest to the community, has a strategic responsibility in facilitating the development of local potential, particularly the corn farming sector, a leading regional commodity. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the village government plays an active role as a facilitator, initiator, motivator, and mediator in various empowerment programs, such as agricultural extension, production input assistance, and strengthening farmer group institutions. However, obstacles remain, such as budget constraints, lack of cross-sector synergy, and minimal regeneration of young farmers. Therefore, ongoing commitment and inter-institutional cooperation are needed to realize sustainable farmer empowerment.  

The implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) makes many businesses manage information, goods, services and money as good as possible so they can provide fast and high-quality services to customers. Therefore, this study aims to implement SCM in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs to decrease production costs, increase revenue, improve operational efficiency and establish good relationships with customers. This study discusses the SCM process and the added value in Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs so in the future Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs can have good risk management and increase added value. The data was collected through literature study and interviewing the owner of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. This study found that weather, natural disasters, fires and coffee pests are the factors with the highest risk in the SCM process of Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs. The added value of farmers & post-harvest coffee processors of Kopi Bintang Salatiga Kopi Bintang Salatiga SMEs is already quite high at 99%, while at grade I coffee sales is 71% and grade II is 47% it appears that coffee with grade II has lower added value, so it is needing accuracy of coffee processing at farmers & post-harvest coffee processors so the grade I coffee product is increased.

Agroforestry is also a form of sustainable agriculture model. Agroforestry systems are formed of three main components, namely forestry, agriculture, and livestock. The agrosilvopastura system is the combination of woody components (forestry) with agriculture (annuals) as well as livestock on the same land management unit. The priority order of the most important alternative options for sustainable agriculture includes strengthening farmer institutions, developing a cadre of farmers/farmer groups aware of sustainable agriculture, and increasing demonstration activities for sustainable agricultural technology. Financial analysis shows that all agroforestry systems are economically viable, and agrosilvopastura provides the most inputs compared to agrosilnikultur and silvopastura. Erosion that occurs on agroforestry land agroforestry, especially agrosilvoculture in the buffer zone of Southeast Aceh District is not harmful because it is smaller than the allowable erosion (<30.6 tons/ha/yr). The total biomass and carbon of stands in agroforestry systems with agrosilvopastura type of 103.17 and 46.74 tons per hectare, respectively, are similar to the total biomass and carbon of stands in mangrove forests. carbon in Rhizophora apiculata mangrove forest with a density of 463 trees per hectare, which were 169.46 (biomass) and 47.08 (carbon) tons per hectare, respectively. Agrosilvopastura systems can play a role in mitigating floods compared to monoculture farming systems for each hectare of land for every 1 hour of work.

Southeast Aceh Regency has a huge potential to bring its agricultural sector to a better level in all aspects. However, several obstacles still hinder the sustainability of agriculture in our country. Therefore, it is imperative to reform agricultural products by using technology for yield and efficiency in agriculture. Young people are the most competent in modernizing technology nowadays. Agricultural regeneration related to agricultural product reform is important to involve the elderly and the younger generation in improving productivity. However, there are problems with farmer regeneration caused by various reasons in the southeast Aceh district. The purpose of this study is to determine how farmer regeneration can impact agricultural products and modernize agriculture going forward. A descriptive qualitative research method was used along with a literature review strategy. In addition, secondary data sources such as books, journals and other references, previous research were also used to support the research. The data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are strategies aimed at parents and the younger generation of farmers must be carried out to encourage better regeneration of farmers. Regeneration of farmers to modernize agriculture can be done by providing agricultural education and training.

Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.