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This research aims to analyze student learning activities in Mathematics through observational studies at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur. Student learning activities are an essential aspect in determining the success of learning, particularly in Mathematics, which requires active student involvement in the processes of thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation methods and a systematic literature review. Data were obtained through observations of fifth-grade students' learning activities during Mathematics lessons, supported by relevant literature analysis. The results show that student learning activities include visual, verbal, writing, mental, and emotional activities. Some students displayed active involvement through activities such as asking questions, answering questions, discussing, and completing assignments; however, there were still students showing passive involvement. Factors influencing student learning activities include the role of the teacher, teaching methods, the use of media and learning materials, the classroom environment, and student characteristics. This research concludes that the student learning activities in Mathematics classes at SD Inpres 1 Koya Timur are categorized as fairly active, but improvements are necessary by implementing student-centered learning strategies to make Mathematics learning more effective and meaningful.

This study discusses the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in Grade VII of MTs Cerdas Murni, with a focus on its definition, steps, and advantages and disadvantages. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data used consist of primary data obtained through interviews and direct observation, as well as secondary data from books and journals. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Data validity is tested using lingering techniques, triangulation, and negative cases. The results show that TPS is an effective cooperative learning strategy to increase student interaction and engagement. The steps in TPS include the stages of think, pair, and share. The advantage of this strategy is that it increases overall student participation, because each student is actively involved. However, the disadvantage is that it requires a relatively longer time to implement. Teachers have implemented TPS effectively, from greetings and prayers to build morals, to explaining prayer etiquette and dhikr, which enhance students' understanding, cooperation, and courage. TPS is suitable for material that requires in-depth understanding but needs to be adapted to the students' circumstances, such as using mixed methods for practical materials. Another advantage is increased student courage and critical thinking, despite challenges related to student readiness and facilities.

This study aims to describe in detail the implementation of the SMART-TENDIK PAUD innovation as a model for managing educators and educational personnel based on reflection, collaboration, and the use of simple technology, as well as to analyze its impact on improving teacher professionalism in early childhood education settings. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method to explore relevant theories and previous research findings. Data collection techniques include document analysis and systematic online searches from various credible academic sources. Data analysis is conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to ensure comprehensive and accurate interpretation. The results indicate that the implementation of SMART-TENDIK PAUD enhances teachers’ reflective awareness, strengthens collaboration through active participation in learning communities, and improves the effectiveness of educational personnel management through the practical use of simple and accessible technology. Furthermore, this innovation contributes significantly to improving the quality of learning, making it more creative, adaptive, and innovative. Therefore, SMART-TENDIK PAUD can serve as an alternative model of effective, applicable, and sustainable management innovation in enhancing the professionalism of early childhood education teachers.

This study discusses the implementation of the demonstration method in Aqidah Akhlak learning at MA Al Muttaqin with the aim of describing the implementation process and identifying the perspectives and obstacles experienced by teachers and students. The demonstration method was selected because it is considered capable of instilling the values of faith and morality in a concrete and applicable manner, enabling students not only to understand the material theoretically but also to practice it in their daily lives. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers, the school principal, and students, as well as supporting documentation such as lesson plans and activity photographs. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and their validity was ensured through triangulation techniques. The findings indicate that the demonstration method was implemented in a planned manner through stages of preparation, implementation, and simple evaluation. Teachers actively demonstrated the learning material, while students were directly involved through practical activities and discussions. The method proved effective in enhancing students’ understanding, practical skills, and the development of Islamic attitudes and behaviors. Despite challenges such as limited time, large class sizes, and inadequate facilities, the demonstration method shows significant potential to improve the quality of Aqidah Akhlak learning when managed optimally.

This study aims to describe the implementation of innovative learning strategies through the Game-Based Learning (GBL) model to enhance the active participation of tenth-grade students in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at MA Hasyimiyah. The research is motivated by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning, which results in low student engagement and enthusiasm. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, the research subjects included tenth-grade students at MA Hasyimiyah and Field Experience Practice (PPL) students as key informants who conducted the lessons directly. Data collection techniques included classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with PPL students, and documentation gathered during a one-month PPL period. The results indicate that the application of the GBL model utilizing digital media such as Quizizz, Wordwall, Zep Quiz, and Spinner, as well as manual media like question-and-answer cards, significantly increased learning motivation, classroom interaction, and active participation. This improvement was evidenced by students' increased confidence in expressing opinions and intensive involvement in group discussions. Although challenges such as limited infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and restricted student device access were identified, these obstacles were effectively overcome through adaptive strategies by PPL students, who modified digital games into manual formats. This study confirms that innovative and adaptive learning strategies play a crucial role in enhancing student participation levels, particularly within the context of schools with limited facilities.

The low level of interest and motivation among elementary school students in learning mathematics, particularly in plane geometry topics, remains a common problem. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ interest and understanding of plane geometry concepts through the implementation of the Inspiration Class as an educational medium that connects mathematical material with students’ aspirations. The activity was conducted at SDN 056024 Dogang, Langkat Regency, involving sixth-grade students. The implementation method employed a participatory and educational approach consisting of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The activities included the delivery of plane geometry material, interactive discussions, and a creative project in the form of a “dream tree” using origami shaped into plane figures. The evaluation was performed qualitatively by observing student engagement and interactions in question-and-answer sessions, and analysis of students’ work. The results showed that the Inspiration Class created a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere, increased student participation, and helped students better understand the concepts and properties of plane figures. In addition, this activity motivated students by linking mathematics learning with future aspirations and professions. Therefore, the Inspiration Class can be considered an effective alternative educational medium for teaching mathematics at the elementary school level.

The development of information technology requires innovative learning media to improve the quality of instruction in elementary schools. One technology-based learning medium that can be utilized is Kahoot as an interactive quiz. This study aims to describe the implementation of Kahoot in science learning on the topic of plant structure and functions and its effects on students’ conceptual understanding, learning activeness, and motivation in fourth-grade elementary school students. This research employed a descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of Kahoot creates a more interactive and engaging learning environment, increases students’ active participation, and enhances their understanding of plant structure and function concepts. In addition, Kahoot is effective as an evaluation tool because it provides immediate feedback and presents learning outcomes quickly and systematically. However, the use of Kahoot also has limitations, particularly its dependence on the availability of digital devices and stable internet access. Therefore, Kahoot can be used as an innovative alternative learning medium, provided that school conditions are considered and it is combined with other learning methods to optimize science learning.

This study aims to analyze the application of design learning in planning discipleship materials as an effort to improve the Bible knowledge of church youth. This study uses a qualitative approach with an action research method, which is implemented through the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 40 church youth who were actively involved in the discipleship program. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and participant reflections before and after the implementation of design learning. The results show that the application of design learning makes a significant contribution to improving the Bible knowledge of youth, which includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Youth not only experienced an increased understanding of the Bible's content, but also showed growth in faith attitudes, spiritual motivation, active participation in learning, and involvement in church services. The design learning approach helps create planned, contextual, and learner-centered discipleship learning. Thus, design learning is proven to be effective and relevant as a youth discipleship strategy in facing the challenges of faith formation in the digital era.

Physics learning requires students’ multirepresentational ability to understand concepts through verbal, mathematical, pictorial, or graphical forms. However, instruction at SMAN 1 Natal is still dominated by conventional methods, resulting in less active student participation and low multirepresentational skills. This study aims to determine the improvement of students’ multirepresentational ability after the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model on the topic of sound waves. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of class XI MIPA 1 as the control class and class XI MIPA 2 as the experimental class. The research instrument was a multirepresentation test administered through pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, the Mann–Whitney test, and the N-Gain test. The results of the normality test indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, hypothesis testing was continued using the Mann–Whitney test, which yielded a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. This result indicates a difference in the improvement of multirepresentational ability between the experimental and control classes. The N-Gain result for the experimental class was 49.40%, categorized as moderate. Thus, the implementation of the Problem Posing learning model in the experimental class resulted in an improvement that was lower than that of the control class

This study aims to develop a teaching module focused on mathematical problem posing and problem solving, specifically within the topic of statistics. The goal is to create a module that is not only valid, practical, and effective but also capable of honing the critical and creative thinking skills of high school students. This study utilizes the Research and Development (R&D) method following the 4D development model. The subjects of this research were 10th-grade high school students. The research findings indicate that the teaching module is considered highly valid, with a score of 4.13. In terms of practicality, it achieved a score of 3.8, suggesting the module is user-friendly, engaging, and supportive of a smooth learning process. The module proved effective in improving students' critical and creative thinking skills, as evidenced by a 42% increase in average test scores after using the module. This research suggests that the developed teaching module is feasible for use as instructional material at the high school level and is capable of strengthening students' critical and creative thinking abilities. This module serves as an alternative instructional resource that encourages active, innovative mathematics learning oriented toward the development of high-order thinking skills (HOTS).

The rapid development of information technology requires improved digital literacy and basic technological skills beginning at the secondary education level. One important competency that needs to be introduced to students is an understanding of computer networks, particularly Local Area Networks (LAN), along with the development of communication and public speaking skills as essential soft skills. This activity aimed to increase the interest and understanding of students at SMP Negeri 6 Sorong City regarding information technology through LAN network education integrated with public speaking training. The activity was implemented using an experiential learning approach combined with student-centered learning, which emphasized active student participation through material presentations, demonstrations, hands-on network cabling practice, and interactive discussions. The program was conducted in three main stages: preparation, implementation, and closing evaluation. The results indicated that students were able to follow all learning activities effectively and demonstrated strong enthusiasm in understanding basic LAN network concepts and cabling techniques. Additionally, students showed increased confidence in expressing ideas and actively participating in discussions. The integration of technical training and soft skill development created a more contextual, engaging, and practical learning environment. This activity also provided valuable experience for the community service team in strengthening communication abilities and applying academic knowledge in real educational settings. Overall, the practice-based LAN education program proved to be an effective approach for increasing students’ interest in information technology while simultaneously developing communication skills from an early age.

Natural Science (IPA) learning in elementary schools requires the use of learning media that is able to increase students' interest in learning, learning outcomes, and critical thinking skills. However, science learning is still often done conventionally, causing students to be less active and easily bored. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate learning media that is interactive and in accordance with technological developments. One of the digital learning media that can be used is the Quizlet application. This study aims to examine the application of digital flashcards and interactive quizzes using Quizlet learning media in learning the properties and changes of the form of objects in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature study by examining various relevant sources in the form of scientific journals, research articles, and supporting references related to the use of Quizlet in learning. The results of the study show that the use of Quizlet has a positive impact on the learning process, especially in increasing students' interest, activeness, and feelings of happiness during learning. Quizlet's flashcard and test features help students understand the material through engaging visual and audio-visual displays and varied practice questions. In addition, the use of Quizlet has also been proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills through question-answering activities, analyzing material, and providing opinions. Student learning outcomes showed an increase with an average score above the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). Thus, Quizlet can be concluded as an effective, engaging, and relevant digital learning medium to support science learning in elementary schools.  

This paper aims to describe the implementation and development of the Merdeka Curriculum at SD IT Permata Hati Entrop, an Integrated Islamic Elementary School. As an educational institution with a vision of integrating general knowledge with Islamic values, SD IT Permata Hati adapts the national curriculum to create learning that is more flexible, focused on essential content, and character-based. This curriculum is developed to optimize students’ potential holistically, encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects through the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile.The main focus of curriculum development at this school consists of three pillars: innovative intracurricular learning, the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5), and extracurricular activities that support students’ interests and talents. In its implementation, the school applies active learning methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and contextual learning linked to daily life and Islamic principles. The evaluation process is conducted through formative and summative assessments that are humanistic and reflective in nature. The outcomes of this development are expected to equip students with 21st-century skills and strong religious character in accordance with the demands of the times.

Tawhid education is a fundamental aspect of Islamic education that serves as the foundation for the formation of faith and individual religious character. The family plays a crucial role as the primary educational environment in instilling the values of Tawhid from an early age. However, in modern social realities, the role of families in Tawhid education often faces various challenges, necessitating support from non-formal Islamic educational institutions. This study aims to describe the role of families in Tawhid education through their involvement in the Majlis Taklim ‘Izzatin Nisa Tangerang. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of the Majlis Taklim administrators, the congregation, and ongoing learning activities. The results show that families play an active role in Tawhid education through parental role models, the habit of worship at home, and the strengthening of understanding of the faith gained from the Majlis Taklim activities. The Majlis Taklim ‘Izzatin Nisa serves as an educational tool that strengthens the congregation's understanding of Tawhid and encourages its implementation in family life. Thus, the synergy between families and religious study groups has been proven to contribute to strengthening monotheism education and building religious awareness within the community.

Flood disasters that struck Cikahuripan Village significantly affected the physical, psychological, and learning motivation conditions of elementary school students, particularly at SD N 1 Cikahuripan. In the post-disaster period, students experienced a decline in learning motivation caused by psychological trauma, loss of a sense of security, and limited learning facilities. This Community Service Program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat/PkM) aimed to restore students’ psychological conditions while strengthening their learning motivation through an integrated psychosocial and pedagogical approach. The implementation methods included an initial assessment of students’ conditions, trauma healing activities based on play therapy, and the application of Fun Learning methods combined with the “Tree of Dreams” activity to rebuild students’ intrinsic motivation. The program was conducted from 15 to 22 November 2025 and involved 31 elementary school students as well as teachers as sustainability partners. The evaluation results showed significant positive changes, indicated by increased cheerfulness, active participation, confidence in social interaction, and improved learning focus among students. In addition, teachers’ capacity to implement trauma-sensitive teaching practices also improved. This program demonstrates that post-disaster learning motivation recovery requires a holistic approach integrating psychological and academic recovery, and it has the potential to serve as a replicable model for educational interventions in disaster-prone areas.

The development of academic writing skills among university students remains a serious challenge in higher education, particularly in Indonesian language courses that are often perceived as theoretical and procedural. This study aims to reconstruct Indonesian language learning through an Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach to strengthen students’ scientific writing skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with students and lecturers over a three-week period. The findings reveal that OBE based learning encourages clearer learning objectives, increases students’ awareness of academic writing standards, and fosters reflective and critical writing practices. Students demonstrated improved understanding of scientific text structures, argument development, and academic language conventions. Furthermore, the learning process shifted from teacher centered instruction to a more participatory and student oriented model, allowing students to actively construct knowledge through observation, discussion, and writing practice. The study also highlights that the integration of contextual learning and continuous feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ confidence and motivation in academic writing. These findings imply that OBE based Indonesian language instruction can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to cultivate academic literacy, critical thinking, and responsible scholarly attitudes among university students. The study recommends broader implementation of OBE principles in language education to support sustainable improvement in higher education learning outcomes.

The study titled “Designing a Web-Based E-Module for Empowering Tenth-Grade Students’ Writing Skills in Descriptive Text” aims to develop a digital learning medium to improve students’ descriptive writing abilities. The research applies a Design and Development (D&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, supported by a descriptive quantitative method. The study addresses limitations of traditional, teacher-centered instruction that relies heavily on printed materials by integrating technology into the learning process. The research begins with an analysis of existing teaching practices and learning resources for descriptive text writing. Based on this analysis, a web-based e-module is designed to provide a more interactive and engaging learning experience. The module includes structured materials such as definitions, purposes, text structures, language features, examples, and practice exercises. The e-module is then implemented in a tenth-grade classroom setting, followed by an evaluation of its effectiveness using quantitative data. The results indicate that the web-based e-module effectively improves students’ descriptive writing skills. Interactive features, including multimedia content, self-paced activities, and immediate feedback, enhance students’ motivation and active participation. Teachers and students report positive perceptions regarding the practicality, accessibility, and usefulness of the e-module. Pre-test and post-test results also show a clear improvement in students’ writing performance. Overall, the study concludes that web-based e-modules are a promising instructional medium for enhancing writing skills and supporting student-centered, technology-integrated English language learning.

Guidance and counseling constitute a crucial element in the educational structure of elementary schools, functioning to support students’ holistic development, including academic, social, emotional, and personal aspects. As students at this level are in the early stages of development, they require systematic guidance to actively adapt to the school educational context while optimizing the development of their potential to an optimal level. This study aims to examine the variety of guidance and counseling services in elementary schools and their role in addressing students’ problems through a literature review of relevant scientific sources, including national and international journals as well as reference books published after 2020. The results indicate that the implementation of guidance and counseling at the elementary school level encompasses various forms of services, such as orientation to the school environment, information services, placement and referral guidance, group guidance activities, individual and group counseling services, consultation, and mediation efforts. These services contribute to helping students overcome learning difficulties, behavioral problems, social adjustment issues, and personality development. However, their implementation still faces several challenges, including a shortage of professional personnel and teachers’ limited understanding of guidance and counseling. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen guidance and counseling programs in elementary schools in a well-planned and sustainable manner.

This study aims to describe the implementation of learning methods, assessment systems, and learning evaluation in the Philosophy of Science course at STAI Al-Andina Sukabumi, particularly for first-semester students. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the course lecturer to explore the rationale for selecting the lecture method, assessment practices, and evaluation strategies applied in the learning process. The findings indicate that the lecture method combined with guided discussion was chosen as an adaptive strategy to help students develop a conceptual foundation for abstract and theoretical material. The assessment system places greater emphasis on student attendance and participation as a form of process-oriented assessment that encourages active engagement. Learning evaluation is conducted continuously through technology-based quizzes to monitor students’ understanding progressively. These results suggest that the Philosophy of Science learning process at STAI Al-Andina has adopted a contextual and formative pedagogical approach; however, further development of more varied assessment and evaluation methods is still needed to accommodate students’ diverse abilities.

Digital transformation in education requires Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers to develop competencies in utilizing digital-based learning media. However, in rural ECE contexts, the use of technology remains limited due to the lack of contextual and sustainable training. This community service program aims to enhance the digital learning media competencies of teachers at PAUD Ath-Thoyyibah in Pangadegan Village through the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. The program was implemented through stages of community asset mapping, collaborative action planning, practice-based training, and post-training mentoring and reflection. The results indicate that ECE teachers were able to develop simple digital learning media based on images, videos, and audio tailored to early childhood characteristics. In addition to improving technical skills, the program increased teachers’ self-confidence and fostered collaborative networks within the educational community. These findings demonstrate that the ABCD approach is effective in strengthening ECE teacher capacity by emphasizing local asset utilization and active community participation. This program contributes to improving the quality of early childhood learning and strengthening adaptive educational communities in response to technological development.