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Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching and learning process in the classroom where students are first asked to observe a phenomenon. Then students are asked to record the problems that arise, after that the teacher's job is to stimulate critical thinking in solving existing problems. The teacher's task is to direct students to ask questions, prove assumptions, and listen to different perspectives among them. The problems in this study are (1) Can Problem-Based Learning (PBL) improve student learning outcomes in Civics class V at SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) How is the effect of student learning outcomes with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Civics class V at SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totaling 35 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student test results, then the data was analyzed using the percentage formula. The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I using a problem-based learning model from 78.75% to 91.25% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model 50.48% to 85.26%, and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subjects in cycle I using problem-based learning 40% to 94.28% in cycle II. This shows that student learning outcomes in Civics subjects using problem-based learning models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study can improve student learning outcomes to be more active and the ability of teachers to improve for the better.      

This research aims to determine waqf management in community empowerment at the Al-Munawwarah Mosque from a Sharia Financial Management perspective. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that waqf management at the Al-Munawwarah Mosque in the field of community empowerment has been carried out in accordance with financial management which includes collecting, developing, utilizing and reporting waqf funds. The method for collecting funds is quite good, but still needs to be improved, the use of funds is still in the refinement stage to achieve the desired goals in accordance with the objectives of the waqf. The obstacles faced are limited human resources and knowledge about effective waqf management

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to find out and increase the owner's understanding and knowledge of how to assess performance in developing product innovations to support competitive advantages. The diversity of employees at PT. Tiara Teluk Jaya has a big influence in increasing creativity and innovation. This research aims to find out how much influence diversity has in increasing creativity and innovation. This research focuses on employee diversity carried out by PT. Tiara Teluk Jaya to increase employee effectiveness and innovation. Judging from the customs and culture that exist in Indonesia, there is a lot of diversity that has a broader perspective in dealing with problems and finding new and creative solutions. The analytical methods used are interviews, observation and data collection. Based on the results of observations and interviews conducted by researchers, the influence of diversity on creativity and innovative employee performance has a significant impact. There is a positive and significant influence between creativity and innovation and employee performance.

Students need to have mathematical problem-solving skills to solve mathematical problems both in school and in real life. But in reality, students' mathematical problem-solving skills are still low. This study aims to analyze students' mathematical solving abilities from the perspective of gender differences, so that teachers can find the right solutions to improve students' abilities. This research is a qualitative research. The instruments used in this study are test questions and interview guidelines. The subjects of this study were three students taken from 20 students in grade VIII MTs Azzainiyah II. The subject consists of one student representing each of the high, medium, and low abilities. The results of the study showed that the mathematical solving ability of female students was better than that of male students. In the group of high-ability students, female students can meet all four indicators of the mathematical problem-solving stage, while male students can only meet the three indicators of the mathematical problem-solving stage. In the group of moderate-ability students, female students can meet three indicators of the mathematical problem-solving stage, while male students can only meet two indicators of the mathematical problem-solving stage. In the group of low-ability students, female students can meet two indicators of the mathematical problem-solving stage, while male students can only meet one indicator of the mathematical problem-solving stage.

This research aims to describe the form of religious value-oriented actions in the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku by Narko "Sodrun" Budiman. The theory used in this research is a literary sociology approach with the help of sosial action theory according to Max Weber's perspective. This research is descriptive and is a type of qualitative research. The data source for this research is the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku by Narko "Sodrun" Budiman. The data collection technique used is using library research and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive analysis method. Based on the research results, three aspects of religious values ​​were found in the religious value-oriented novel depicted in the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku, including aspects of faith, worship and morals. The most dominant aspect in this research is the aspect of worship, which consists of five data quotations, including: praying consisting of two dhata quotations, prayer consisting of two data quotations, and maintaining friendship consisting of one data quotation. And the most dominating figure in this religious values-oriented action is Miko.

The creation of the internet, which is used to make human life easier, has become a new problem because it has given rise to cyber crime in cyberspace. One of the cyber crimes currently developing is cyber terrorism. This research examines the crime of cyber terrorism from the perspective of the perpetrator's criminal responsibility according to national laws in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a normative juridical legal research method that is perspective based on literature study. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis techniques using deductive logical reasoning. The research results show that the term cyber terrorism crime has not been mentioned grammatically in national legislation. However, several articles in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions contain the substance of cyber terrorism crimes, namely Article 28 paragraph (2), Article 28 paragraph (3), Article 31 and Article 33. The legal subject, namely the perpetrator in this article, is "Person" which means an individual or legal entity/corporation. All of these articles contain elements of "acts against the law" whose substance corresponds to the crime of cyber terrorism. So that a person or legal entity that commits acts in accordance with this article can be held criminally responsible. The legal sanction for this crime is imprisonment and/or a fine.

Currently, we live with various conveniences, especially when shopping. These conveniences produce many benefits, but there are also some negative impacts, one of which is consumptive behavior. Consumptive behavior is the action of someone who uses or buys something, either goods or services excessively. Usually prioritizing the urge of desire rather than need. This urge of desire is what in the perspective of Sufism psychology according to Frager is something that needs to be minimized, the reason researchers chose Frager's concept of Sufism psychology is because consumer behavior is closely related to nafs, and Frager is a Sufism psychology figure who is most detailed in describing the concept compared to other figures such as Al Ghazali. This study aims to see how consumer behavior is studied in the theory of Sufism psychology according to Robert Frager and how psychospiritualism is applied in minimizing consumptive behavior. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with a form of library research. According to Frager's study of Sufism psychology, consumptive behavior can be categorized into tyrannical nafs and lawwamah nafs, but consumptive behavior can be reduced when it is in the category of inspired nafs. Meanwhile, consumptive behavior will completely disappear if it is at the level of peaceful nafs, pleased nafs, approved nafs, and pure nafs. The psychospiritual applications that can be applied include: fasting, seclusion, serving brothers, and remembering death.        

Sufism is a branch of Islam that emphasizes spiritual pursuit and self-purification to achieve closeness to God. In the Sufism perspective, mental illness is not only seen as a medical condition but also as a spiritual crisis. Mental illness is often thought to be the result of an imbalance in a person's relationship with God and their environment. Sufis believe that true mental health can only be achieved through cleansing the heart and soul of negative traits such as envy, hatred and greed. This process involves dhikr (remembrance of God), meditation and other spiritual practices aimed at strengthening the relationship with God and improving morals. Sufism also emphasizes the importance of living a simple and loving life and avoiding materialistic temptations that can lead a person away from the spiritual path. Thus the treatment of mental illness in Sufism does not only focus on the psychological aspect but also includes the spiritual dimension, which is considered essential for achieving balance and inner peace. This view emphasizes that true healing requires a holistic approach that integrates psychological therapy with spiritual practices, so that a person can again find the meaning of life and closeness to God, which ultimately brings peace and mental well-being.

Marine pollution resulting from ship navigation activities is a primary concern in safeguarding the maritime environment in Indonesian waters. This article examines law enforcement regarding marine pollution from an environmental law perspective, focusing on existing regulations in Indonesia. Through a normative legal approach, the article identifies the legal framework governing the prevention and mitigation of marine pollution and the responsibilities of relevant parties. Additionally, employing a policy analysis approach, this article evaluates the effectiveness of implementing these regulations in addressing cases of marine pollution caused by ship navigation activities. The analysis reveals that while Indonesia possesses a relatively comprehensive legal framework, challenges persist in ensuring effective law enforcement, including inter-agency coordination and limited human resources. The article also offers recommendations for strengthening law enforcement and marine environmental protection in the future.      

The two main different principles in judicial system in the various legal states are namely(first): as the unity of jurisdiction system applied by rule of law which only consisted of Civil court and, (second): the duality of jurisdiction system which applied by rechtstaat Law states that is known consisted of civil court and administrative court. Civil courtCulminates in the Supreme Court while the Administrative Court culminates in the StateCouncil (Conseil d’Etat). These two systems are not just different in court organizational hierarchy, but also different ini the legal substance and the legal procedural. TheResearch reports show that the Judicial system in Indonesia is very unique , from the Judicial organization alhierarchy perspective is closer to the system of unity ofJurisdiction, whereas from the principles of the court and the procedure of dispute Settlement perspective is closer to the duality of system jurisdicton so the authors finally Conclude that the judicial system of Indonesia is a mixture system.

This journal discusses the influence of the inflation rate on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based on an Islamic Economics perspective. So it can be understood that the size of the inflation rate in a country will greatly influence the level of GDP. Where inflation has a simultaneous influence on GDP, and inflation has a partial negative impact on GDP. The writing of this journal uses a deductive qualitative approach (from general to specific), examining relevant general phenomena, then producing specific studies and conclusions on matters that are the object of research, using a normative juridical approach with literature study. A country's economic growth can be represented through an increase in the country's GDP, apart from income factors in terms of consumption, investment, government spending and net exports. GDP is greatly influenced by the inflation factor. Inflation in the view of Islamic economists is an economic indication that occurs at a macro level in almost every country related to the decline in the exchange rate of money for goods and services, whether it occurs naturally (natural inflation) or is caused by human error (Human Error Inflation). Inflation does not only occur naturally, it can be caused by the pull of Aggregate demand (Aggregate demand) or due to a decrease in Aggregate supply (Aggregate Supply), but also occurs due to human error in regulating state administration and law enforcement, giving rise to a country's economic interconnectedness. Maintaining the stability of a country's economy by controlling the rate of inflation is something very basic, where inflation significantly affects Gross Domestic Product. GDP is an important indicator of economic growth in measuring economic activity, especially the volume of production in a country in one year.

This study analyzes the differences in views between Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in celebrating Islamic holidays, with a focus on determining the beginning of the month of Qomariyah, celebrating the Prophet's birthday and tahlilan events in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah adopts a modernist approach with a focus on contextual understanding of religion, while NU maintains a traditional approach that emphasizes aspects of local culture and tradition. This study describes the values ​​of religious moderation that are highlighted within Nahdlatul Ulama. Since its founding, Hadratussyaikh K.H. Hashim Asy'ari initiated the concept of moderate Islam in Indonesia which was then continued by the next generation of NU, including K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach by conducting document analysis and literature study. The results of the research explain the differences in celebration practices and how each understands how to celebrate Islamic holidays.

The increasingly rapid development of the times has opened people's views to be more open to various kinds of world and national problems. Technology, which is one of the tools for thinking, has created innovative patterns of thinking in society that are mature in determining diverse perspectives and actions, as well as every outcome of views and attitudes that is permitted as long as it does not violate the rules and norms that have been regulated in state life. Customary forests are one of the categories of social forestry which are located in the living areas of local indigenous communities and can usually be found in inland areas. Customary forests are also regulated in Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry as stated in Article 1 number 6 "Customary forests are state forests that are within the territory of customary law communities." Conflicts between company interests and the rights of indigenous communities sometimes arise due to a lack of legal protection and unequal power, this is based on expansion which can be said to be irregular because quite a few mining companies expand mining areas outside the mine itself in order to exploit very natural resources. abundant in it.

 Early marriage has become a serious concern in the village of Tano Bato, Kecamatan Barumun, Kabupaten Padang Lawas. This research proposes the implementation of an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) outreach program as a strategy to prevent early marriages in the region. The outreach method involves collaboration with religious figures, educators, and the local community to deliver in-depth information on Islamic values related to marriage, responsibilities, and the negative impacts of early marriages. The primary goal of this program is to enhance the understanding of the community, especially teenagers, regarding Islamic religious laws related to marriage and to provide a holistic perspective on physical and mental readiness for family life. Program evaluation is conducted through interviews, questionnaires, and impact monitoring to measure its effectiveness. This community service provides a concrete overview of efforts to prevent early marriages through Islamic Religious Education outreach in the village of Tano Bato as a commitment to religious values and the well-being of the local community.

This research aims to explore and understand the role and duties of the Parish Pastoral Council in pastoral care and Church service in the Catholic Church. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques using documentary research, observation, documents and interviews. The data obtained was analyzed qualitatively through data analysis techniques. Research steps include conversations with informants, creating informant profiles, identifying themes, reflections, implications, synthesis, perspectives, or possibilities that will emerge. In order for the parish to grow and develop, we hope to help everyone to be more active, especially those who are on a journey of service and visits, so that their faith and hope become stronger and achieve eternal salvation, so that they better understand the meaning of the Parish. content of the teachings of the Catholic Church. The results obtained from this research show that the parish pastoral council, especially in the Parish of Saint-Pierre and Paul Ampah, really plays a very important role and that the parish pastoral council is very much needed in parishes, especially in parish pastoral services. Parish Church. and assisting the priest in his duties and ministry serving the parishioners.

This research aims to find out how the Dayak Ngaju Catholic community views the Sangiang ritual, how the Ngaju Dayak Catholic community appreciates the sacrament of anointing the sick and the implementation of the sacrament of anointing. ? in Ngaju Dayak culture. So. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. Data was collected through interviews, observations and notes. The data obtained was analyzed following the steps of Miles and Huberman, namely reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the Ngaju Dayak people recognize the sangiang ritual as a healing ritual in their culture. And people know that the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church is one of the sacraments that prays for sick people to be given strength so they can overcome all illnesses with God's help. This conclusion shows that the sangiang ritual has a socially oriented dimension and makes people aware that living together requires a sense of mutual care. The values contained in the Sangiang ritual are the values of community and brotherhood. The presence of the Church in this culture is the starting point for proclaiming the Kingdom of God, especially by ensuring that the catechism is linked to the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick, because it is God who acts for healing, especially during the sangang ceremony.

This study limits the problem its problem to the issue of social dehumanization depicted in the comic Maus, which as a reflection of the Jewish community’s condition in Germany during the Nazi regime. This research is qualitative research that uses Ian Watt's sociology of literature as a basis for theorizing. By regarding literature as a reflection of society, this research aims to elucidate how the comic Maus reflects the issue of dehumanization, based on the social realities of the World War II era. The data used in this study are quotations from the comic Maus, supplemented by supporting literature such as books and scholarly articles. The data collection techniques employed in this research include: 1) identifying social issues within the comic, 2) analyzing and interpreting these social issues, 3) examining the data as a reflection of society depicting the social problem of dehumanization among the Jewish community in Germany during the Nazi regime, and 4) formulating conclusions based on the analysis conducted. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the comic Maus serves as a reflection of the dehumanization in Germany according to the author's perspective or ideology, influenced by the author's social background. As a reflection of social realities, Maus cannot fully represent the entirety of society. Through the author, who represents a segment of society that experienced the Holocaust, Spiegelman presents his social viewpoint on the dehumanization that occurred in Germany, drawing from his family's experiences as survivors of the horrific events perpetrated by the Nazis.

This research delves into the intricate connection that exists between the human condition and the reflection of nature. Through a nearby investigation of the text, this examination intends to reveal how Hawthorne complicatedly winds around together components of imagery and story to depict hidden presences - a figurative investigation of the intricacies of human life and its collaboration with the regular world. The narrative delves into the depths of individual consciousness while simultaneously reflecting the sublime beauty and mystery of nature, drawing on themes of isolation, morality, and societal norms. This study sheds light on the larger cultural and philosophical implications of the narrative by contrasting Hawthorne's portrayal with Wordsworth's philosophical perspectives on human existence and nature."

Human rights are inherent to the essence and existence of humans as creatures of God Almighty, and they are gifts that must be respected, upheld, and protected by the state, law, government, and every individual for the dignity and protection of human beings. Domestic violence (KDRT) is a violation of human rights, a crime against human dignity, and a form of discrimination that must be eliminated.The focus is on the legal protection efforts for women victims of domestic violence and the prevention and mitigation efforts against violence towards women. In conclusion, to improve this situation, integrating restitution into the criminal justice system is a solution to be considered. Therefore, while the PKDRT marks a significant step in legal protection for victims of domestic violence, integrating restitution and increasing awareness and commitment from all involved parties are crucial to ensuring better protection and justice for victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of handling violence against women, good coordination among various institutions and disciplines is needed, along with strong commitment from society, law enforcement agencies, and the government to take necessary actions to create a safe and just environment for women. Recommendations for discussion include legal education and awareness, integrated protection, strengthening of medical evidence, socialization and funding, effective criminal prioritization, and restitution as an alternative. The formation of an integrated committee, strengthening gender-sensitive legal systems, education and attitude change in society, establishment of crisis centers or shelters, firm repressive actions, and integration of anti-violence norms are also suggested.

Having ideal Muslim characteristics is the ideal for every Muslim. This study aims to discuss the characteristics of the ideal Muslim according to the hadith perspective. This study uses a qualitative method with a thematic approach. The formal object of this research is the characteristics of the ideal Muslim. The material object is the low characteristics of Muslims in the current era of globalization. The results of this study indicate that hadith themes can be formulated within the theoretical framework of ideal Muslim characteristics in the perspective of hadith including, imitating the morals of the Prophet Muhammad, strengthening aqidah (salimul aqidah), shahihul worship, qowiyul jismi, broad-minded, not wasting time, and beneficial for others. This study discusses that the characteristics of the ideal Muslim are needed in the current era. The conclusion of this study is the importance of being an ideal Muslim with character to be able to balance the times. By following the various characteristics of the ideal Muslim that has been formulated according to the hadith thematic framework.